Egyenlőtlenség

Az uniós polgárok közötti egyenlőtlenségek csökkentése és az életkörülmények felfelé irányuló konvergenciájának előmozdítása kiemelt helyen szerepel az Európai Bizottság politikai napirendjén. Az egyenlőtlenség mozgatórugói közé tartozhat a nem, az életkor, a fogyatékosság, a foglalkoztatási státusz és az állampolgárság, ami hatással lehet a fizetésre és a jövedelemre, a jóléthez, az egészségügyi szolgáltatásokhoz és az oktatási szolgáltatásokhoz való hozzáférésre.

Businessman helps homeless youth

Új és közelgő

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Cikk

15 September 2025

A picture of wealth inequality across EU Member States
Carlos Vacas‑Soriano

Wealth inequality across EU Member States has important implications for access to education, healthcare and housing, as well as for people’s ability to actively participate in society.

This article summarises some of the main findings from the recently published report Unequal wealth: Exploring socioeconomic disparities across the EU. It maps wealth inequalities across EU Member States by drawing on data from the European Central Bank’s Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), covering the period between 2010 and 2021.

Kutatási jelentés

15 September 2025

Unequal wealth: Exploring socioeconomic disparities across the EU
Zsolt Darvasand 3 other authors
Wealth inequality is not just an economic issue but a societal one. Ownership of assets can have significant implications for access to education, healthcare, housing and political influence. This study examines wealth inequality trends across EU Member States, using data from the European Central Bank’s Household Finance and Consumption Survey and covering 2010–2021.
Cikk

29 October 2024

A snapshot of income inequality and middle class across the EU
Carlos Vacas‑Soriano
After years of being sidelined in the European policy debate as labour markets recovered in the wake of the Great Recession, inequality is back on the agenda following the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing cost-of-living crisis. A widespread public perception is that inequality is growing while the middle class is shrinking. This article presents a more nuanced picture: income inequality in the EU as a whole has declined due to strong income convergence between the Member States; changes in income inequality across these countries are mixed, increasing in about half of them and declining in the other half; and the middle class shrank in almost two-thirds of Member States since 2006.

A témáról Egyenlőtlenség

Tudjon meg többet erről a témáról és annak az uniós szakpolitika szempontjából való relevanciájáról.

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29 October 2024

Cikk

A snapshot of income inequality and middle class across the EU

After years of being sidelined in the European policy debate as labour markets recovered in the wake of the Great Recession, inequality is back on the agenda following the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing cost-of-living crisis. A widespread public perception is that inequality is growing while the middle class is shrinking. This article presents a more nuanced picture: income inequality in the EU as a whole has declined due to strong income convergence between the Member States; changes in income inequality across these countries are mixed, increasing in about half of them and declining in the other half; and the middle class shrank in almost two-thirds of Member States since 2006.

24 January 2023

Kutatási jelentés

Economic and social inequalities in Europe in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic had varying impacts on social groups, depending on existing disadvantages, and it was widely believed that it triggered a rise in inequalities across different areas of life. Using indicators from the EU’s Multidimensional Inequality Monitoring Framework (MIMF), this report shows how inequality in the spheres of income, health, employment and education changed between 2010 and 2020. It also examines the main drivers of this change during the pandemic and explores the relationships between government policies in several domains and inequality.

20 December 2021

Kiemelt jelentés

Monitoring convergence in the European Union: Looking backwards to move forward – Upward convergence through crises

Upward convergence lies at the heart of the EU project. Member States and their citizens sign up to be part of the Union, as they expect their membership will lead to balanced economic prosperity and social progress across countries. Increasing disparities between Member States, as happened during the 2008–2013 economic crisis, could be seen as a betrayal of the EU’s promise, and potentially lay the seeds for discontent and disintegration. This flagship report is the culmination of Eurofound’s research into monitoring convergence in the EU, which was initiated in 2017. It describes the shifting dynamics of upward convergence over the period 2008–2019, explores the short-term impact of COVID-19 on European economies and societies, together with its implications for convergence, and discusses the long-term effects of the pandemic and the future of upward economic and social convergence in Europe.

9 May 2021

Más

Living, working and COVID-19 (Update April 2021): Mental health and trust decline across EU as pandemic enters another year

The third round of Eurofound's e-survey, fielded in February and March 2021, sheds light on the social and economic situation of people across Europe following nearly a full year of living with COVID-19 restrictions. This report analyses the main findings and tracks ongoing developments and trends across the 27 EU Member States since the survey was first launched in April 2020. It pinpoints issues that have surfaced over the course of the pandemic, such as increased job insecurity due to the threat of job loss, decline in mental well-being levels, erosion of recent gains in gender equality, fall in trust levels vis-à-vis institutions, deterioration of work–life balance and growth of vaccine hesitancy. The results of the survey highlight the need for a holistic approach to support all the groups hit hard by the crisis in order to prevent them from falling further behind.

30 March 2021

Kutatási jelentés

Wealth distribution and social mobility

This report explores the distribution of household wealth in the EU Member States and analyses the role of wealth in social mobility. Using data from three datasets (the Household Finance and Consumption Survey, the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and the Luxembourg Wealth Study), it focuses on wealth per household member. Wealth composition is compared across social groups and countries, and the role of housing assets in wealth distribution and negative wealth is assessed. The findings show that parental background, including parental wealth, has an impact on educational and wealth mobility. In order to promote equality of opportunities in terms of access to education and housing, the impact of wealth inequalities, including differences in parental wealth, should be counterbalanced. The report also suggests that regularising wealth declaration in the EU could be a way of promoting social justice by minimising hidden wealth and combating tax evasion.

10 December 2019

Szakpolitikai tájékoztató

A more equal Europe? Convergence and the European Pillar of Social Rights

The European Pillar of Social Rights is designed to act as a compass for a renewed process of upward convergence among Member States towards better working and living conditions. It is accompanied by a Social Scoreboard to monitor the progress made by Member States. This policy brief presents the results of an investigation into the upward convergence patterns of the headline indicators of the Social Scoreboard and the relationship between convergence and the business cycle from 2008 to 2018. The results show that although the economic crisis that engulfed Europe from 2008 slowed down the convergence of Member States on some indicators, upward convergence on several has been restored, including the indicators on employment and risk of poverty. While the analysis uncovers different dynamics of upward convergence for most indicators, some very stable and some more unstable, few indicators still show a downward trend over the decade.

Szakértők témában Egyenlőtlenség

A Eurofound kutatói szakértelmet nyújtanak, és kérdésekkel vagy a média megkeresésével kapcsolatban is felvehető velük a kapcsolat.

Tadas Leončikas

Head of Unit
Employment research

Tadas Leončikas 2022 szeptembere óta az Eurofound foglalkoztatási egységének vezetője. Ezt megelőzően a szociálpolitikai osztály vezető kutatási vezetője volt, irányította az európai életminőség-felmérést (EQLS) és fejlesztette ki az Eurofound felmérési kutatását. Mióta 2010-ben csatlakozott az Eurofoundhoz, különböző témákkal foglalkozott, beleértve a felmérési módszereket, az életminőséget, a társadalmi mobilitást, a társadalmi befogadást, a bizalmat és a lakhatási hiányosságokat. Korábbi pályafutása során a litvániai Etnikai Tanulmányok Intézetét vezette, ahol az etnikai kisebbségek, a migránsok és más kiszolgáltatott csoportok helyzetével kapcsolatos tanulmányokon dolgozott. Kutatóként korábban együttműködött az Európai Unió Alapjogi Ügynökségével, az ENSZ Fejlesztési Programjával és a Nemzetközi Migrációs Szervezettel. Szociológiából doktorált.

Massimiliano Mascherini

Head of Unit
Social policies research

Massimiliano Mascherini 2019 októbere óta az Eurofound szociálpolitikai osztályának vezetője. 2009-ben csatlakozott az Eurofoundhoz kutatási vezetőként, ahol a fiatalok foglalkoztatásával, a NEET-fiatalokkal és társadalmi befogadásukkal, valamint a nők munkaerő-piaci részvételével kapcsolatos projekteket tervezett és koordinált. 2017-ben a Szociálpolitikák Osztály vezető kutatási vezetője lett, ahol az EU-n belüli konvergencia nyomon követésével kapcsolatos új kutatásokat vezette. Az európai életminőség-felmérésen végzett munka mellett a COVID-19 e-felmérések előkészítését és elemzését is vezeti. Korábban az Európai Bizottság Közös Kutatóközpontjának tudományos tisztviselője volt. A Firenzei Egyetemen tanult, ahol aktuáriusi és statisztikai tudományok szakon végzett, és alkalmazott statisztikából doktorált. Vendégkutató a Sydney-i Egyetemen és az Aalborgi Egyetemen, valamint vendégprofesszor a Pápai Társadalomtudományi Akadémián.

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