Pereiti į pagrindinį turinį
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Darbo sąlygos ir tvarus darbas

Darbo sąlygos ir tvarus darbas yra tarp šešių pagrindinių 2021–2024 m. EUROFOUND darbo programos veiklų. EUROFOUND ir toliau vykdys veiklą kaip šios srities pokyčių stebėsenos ir analizės centras, įskaitant pokyčius, susijusius su dėl COVID-19 krizės kintančiomis darbo sąlygomis ir darbo kokybe, taip pat darbo organizavimu.

2021–2024 m. laikotarpiu EUROFOUND pateiks svarbias įžvalgas dėl iššūkių ir perspektyvų, susijusių su darbo sąlygomis ir tvariu darbu ES. Remdamasis savo ilgalaike patirtimi šioje srityje, EUROFOUND, atsižvelgdamas į esamas tendencijas ir vykstančią pažangą, nustatys atsiradusias problemas, susijusias su darbo sąlygomis ir darbo kokybe. Bus analizuojamos įvairios šalys, sektoriai, profesijos ir darbuotojų grupės tokiais aspektais kaip darbo organizavimas ir nuotolinis darbasdarbo laikas, pusiausvyra tarp darbo laiko ir asmeninio gyvenimolygybės principasdarbuotojų sveikata ir gerovėgebėjimai ir mokymaspajamos ir perspektyvospasitenkinimas darbu Daugiau dėmesio bus skiriama nestandartinėms užimtumo formoms, o ypač savarankiškai veiklai.

Atsižvelgiant į ES demografines senėjančios visuomenės problemas bei išaugusią darbo pobūdžio įvairovę, EUROFOUND ir toliau analizuos veiksnius, kurie leidžia darbuotojams ilgiau išlikti darbo rinkoje. Taip pat bus skiriama dėmesio darbo vietų kokybės gerinimui, nes tai paskatintų aktyvesnį dalyvavimą darbo rinkoje bei padidintų darbuotojų motyvaciją, prisidedant prie tvaraus darbo kūrimo visą gyvenimą.

Sąsajos tarp darbo ir sveikatos bus nagrinėjamos aktyviai konsultuojantis su Europos darbuotojų saugos ir sveikatos agentūra (EU-OSHA). EUROFOUND tikslas yra toliau tęsti bendradarbiavimą su Tarptautine darbo organizacija (TDO) dėl darbo ir darbo sąlygų ateityje pasauliniu lygmeniu.

„Iš esmės tai geros naujienos, nes darbo sąlygos Europos Sąjungoje gerėja (nors ir labai lėtai), tačiau susirūpinimą kelia tai, kad sąlygos gerėja ne visoms darbuotojų grupėms. Tai stipriai priklauso nuo to, kuriame sektoriuje dirbate, nuo įgyto išsilavinimo lygio ir, tiesą sakant, tai taip pat priklauso nuo to, ar esate vyras ar moteris.“

Barbara Gerstenberger, Profesinės veiklos skyriaus vadovė

Topic

Recent updates

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Pagrindinės politinės išvados

Infografikas 2021

Pagrindinės EUROFOUND tyrimo išvados leidžia politikos formuotojams priimti sprendimus dėl svarbiausių šios srities klausimų.

  • Darbo sąlygų gerinimas labai svarbus darbuotojams ir darbdaviams. Reikia įvertinti daugelį įvairių darbo vietos kokybės aspektų. Kokybiškos darbo vietos suteikia žmonėms galimybę ilgiau ir geriau dirbti, o tai padeda užtikrinti tvarų darbą ir teigiamą profesinio ir asmeninio gyvenimo pusiausvyrą.
  • Darbo sąlygos ES iš esmės gerėja, nors pažanga vyksta laipsniškai. Kai kurioms darbuotojų grupėms pažanga nebuvo tokia sparti: tai priklauso nuo darbo sutarties, sektoriaus bei pasiekto išsilavinimo lygio.
  • Yra daug būdų kaip pagerinti darbo sąlygas ir darbo vietos kokybę ES. Vyriausybėms neabejotinai tenka svarbus vaidmuo kuriant tinkamą reglamentavimo sistemą. Tačiau darbuotojų ir darbdavių bei jų organizacijų indėlis taip pat svarbus. Daugeliu darbo vietos kokybės parametrų atžvilgiu svarbiausi pokyčiai vyksta būtent darbo aplinkoje.
  • Tiktai vienam penktadaliui Europos bendrovių pavyko sėkmingai suderinti darbuotojo gerovę ir veiklos rezultatus. Didelės investicijos į darbuotojus ir aktyvus jų įtraukimas į veiklą yra geriausias sprendimas darbuotojams ir darbdaviams, nes užtikrinant didesnį darbuotojų savarankiškumą, labiau įtraukiant juos į veiklą bei skatinant gebėjimų ugdymą ir mokymąsi, gerėja veiklos rezultatai ir darbo kokybė.
  • Daugelis žmonių, ypač tėvai ir kiti globėjai, turi dėti daug pastangų, kad suderintų savo darbinius ir nedarbinius įsipareigojimus. Lankstus darbo grafikas galėtų padėti išspręsti šiuos sunkumus, tačiau tai taip pat kelia tam tikrų iššūkių. Pavyzdžiui, nuotolinis darbas suteikia daugiau laisvės pasirinkti, kada ir kur dirbti, tačiau dėl to darbas gali tapti intensyvesnis ir ilgiau užsitęsti, sunkiau atsijungti nuo darbo.
  • Per COVID-19 pandemiją padidėjus nuotolinio darbo mastui išryškėjo atotrūkio tarp darbo ir asmeninio gyvenimo nebuvimas. Daugelis vyriausybių ir socialinių partnerių aptaria „teisės atsijungti“ iniciatyvas, kad didelei daliai darbuotojų nekiltų fizinio ir emocinio išsekimo pavojus.
  • Ateityje socialiniai partneriai turi siekti į bet kokias teisines sistemas ar susitarimus įtraukti darbuotojams skirtas nuostatas dėl savanoriško nuotolinio darbo pobūdžio arba dėl konkrečių užduočių tinkamumo nuotoliniam darbui. Taip pat bus labai svarbu išaiškinti, kaip darbdaviai gali prisidėti prie išlaidų, susijusių su darbu namuose, padengimo, taip pat užtikrinti vienodą darbo užmokestį ir galimybę mokytis nuotoliniu būdu dirbantiems asmenims.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects related to working conditions and sustainable work in the EU. Building on long-established expertise in this area, Eurofound will look at trends and progress over time and identify emerging concerns around working conditions and job quality. The analysis will cover different countries, sectors, occupations and groups of workers on issues such as work organisation and teleworkingworking timework–life balanceequal treatmentworkplace health and well-beingskills and trainingearnings and prospects, and job satisfaction. Non-standard forms of employment will be a specific focus, particularly self-employment.

In light of the EU’s demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life, Eurofound will continue to explore the factors enabling more workers to stay in employment longer. It will also put the spotlight on improving job quality as an enabler of greater labour market participation and increased employee motivation, contributing to sustainable work over the life course.

The links between work and health will be investigated in close consultation with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound aims to build on its collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on issues around the future of work and working conditions at global level.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to improve working conditions and job quality, while progressing towards sustainable work, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels in the areas of work and employment. It focuses on identifying pressing issues and specific groups at risk and analysing selected elements.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a robust social Europe. In particular, Eurofound’s research will support policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and activities linked to, among other initiatives, the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the reinforced Youth Guarantee, the Youth Employment Support package, the skills agenda, as well as innovation and job creation and the European Commission’s proposal for adequate minimum wages in the EU.

Eurofound research

Eurofound continues to monitor developments in working conditions, with a particular focus on improvements in the job quality of older workers, the challenges associated with specific types of self-employment and the longer-term structural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

In 2024, fieldwork commences for the newest edition of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which includes questions on working conditions and work–life outcomes relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The first results are planned for the end of 2024. 

Final analysis of data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS) feeds into three studies in 2024: an analysis of working conditions and work practices in the hybrid workplace; an investigation of changing working time patterns; and an examination of the job quality of older workers.

Research commences on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe, examining levels of digitalisation, digital skills, innovation and training strategies. This research assesses how workers in SMEs compare to the average in terms of working conditions, job quality, digital skills and take-up of training. 

Research in 2024 also aims to identify the most vulnerable group of workers by examining employment relationships that combine several unfavourable characteristics. The research investigates the job quality of workers in these employment relationships, their access to social protection and training, as well as ways to support the transition to more secure forms of employment. 
 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Sausis 2024
Publication
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4 Gegužė 2023
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Annual report
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Griežti visuomenės sveikatos ribojimai, kuriuos 2020 m. vyriausybės nustatė siekdamos kontroliuoti COVID-19 pandemiją, staiga pakeitė profesinį gyvenimą ir toliau jį koregavo per kitus dvejus metus. 2021 m. kovo–lapkričio mėn. per...

29 Lapkritis 2022
Publication
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Eurofound expert(s)

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Barbara Gerstenberger is Head of the Working Life unit at Eurofound. In this role, she coordinates the research teams investigating job quality in Europe based on the European...

​Head of Unit,
Working life research unit
Publications results (567)

The post-pandemic recovery of Europe continued in 2023, with strong job creation despite subdued economic growth, against a background of rising geopolitical tension. Eurofound’s research over the year brought to light evidence on the key issues shaping the daily lives and work of Europeans.

02 May 2024

Ensuring greater social protection for self-employed people has been the subject of much policy debate in recent years. In 2019, the Council of the European Union adopted a recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed. Sudden reductions in income during the COVID-1

30 January 2024

This report explores EU Member States’ legislation around the right to disconnect and assesses the impact of company policies in this area on employees’ hours of connection, working time, work–life balance, health and well-being, and overall workplace satisfaction.

30 November 2023

Using data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 and building on a theoretical model that differentiates between job stressors and job resources, this report examines key psychosocial risks in the workplace and their impact on health.

23 November 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a diverse collection of workers ensured the functioning of our societies. In a time of crisis, they maintained access to healthcare, long-term care and other essential goods and services, including food, water, electricity, the internet and waste treatment.

10 October 2023

Sąvoka „mišrus darbas“ išpopuliarėjo COVID-19 pandemijos metu išplitus nuotoliniam darbui, kai įmonės ir darbuotojai pradėjo diskutuoti apie darbo organizavimo būdus po krizės. Šis terminas vis dažniau vartojamas kalbant apie tuos atvejus, kai darbas (kurį galima atlikti nuotoliniu būdu) atliekamas

25 May 2023

2022-ųjų pradžia buvo kupina atsargaus optimizmo. Europa pamažu ėmė atsigauti po dvejus metus trukusios COVID-19 pandemijos, o "NextGenerationEU" ekonomikos gaivinimo planas numatė stiprios ir tvarios ateities kūrimo priemones. Tačiau metų pradžioje Rusijai užpuolus Ukrainą, padėtis iš esmės

04 May 2023

Ataskaitoje nagrinėjami tikėtini ir įsivaizduojami scenarijai, kaip nuotolinis ir mišrus darbas ES galėtų keistis iki 2035 m., ir jų poveikis darbo rinkai. Kaip vadovai ir darbuotojai, darbdavių organizacijos ir profesinės sąjungos bei politikos formuotojai yra pasirengę šių darbo organizavimo formų

28 April 2023

This paper presents an analytical summary of current academic and policy literature on the impact of climate change and policies to manage the transition to a carbon-neutral economy on four key domains: employment, working conditions, social dialogue and living conditions. It maps the main empirical

12 April 2023

Šioje ataskaitoje pristatomi EUROFOUND 2020 ir 2021 m. nuotolinio darbo COVID-19 pandemijos metu tyrimai. Joje nagrinėjami nuotolinio darbo dažnumo pokyčiai, darbo sąlygos, su kuriomis susidūrė iš namų dirbantys darbuotojai, ir teisės aktų, kuriais sprendžiami su šia darbo tvarka susiję klausimai

08 December 2022

Online resources results (1778)

Latvia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The drafting of the State budget (including discussions on the minimum wage), civil service reforms, an agreement on the State revenue system and debates on social insurance are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Norway: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A series of strikes related to the biennial renegotiation of national collective agreements, an increase in temporary employment and the changing use of occupational health services are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Finland: Latest working life developments - Q3 2016

A trial of a new basic income, budgetary proposals to reduce unemployment, and conflicts between Akava and other trade union confederations are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Finland in the third quarter of 2016.

Croatia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The general election result, industrial relations developments, equality in the workplace, what makes a good employer, trade union education and moves to improve social dialogue are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Estonia: Latest working life developments - Q3 2016

A new three-year sectoral collective agreement for bus drivers, concerns about transposition of the Enforcement Directive, and social policy reforms are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Estonia in the third quarter

Slovenia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Wage negotiations in the public sector, the suspension of dialogue between employer organisations and the government over tax amendments, and protests by assistant kindergarten teachers regarding pay are among the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

Cyprus: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A strike by primary school teachers and the resumption of public service recruitment are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Cyprus in the third quarter of 2016.

Austria: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers, together with discussions about the types of jobs unemployed people should accept, are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Austria in the third quarter of

EU Level: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Issues related to work–life balance, the launch of the public consultation on social rules in road transport and some developments in social dialogue are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the European Union in the

Slovakia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Differences between social partners on a proposal to increase the minimum wage, demands by industrial trade unions for higher wages and strike action by teachers are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Slovakia in the


Blogs results (61)

There is no one future of work for all jobs – policymakers will have their work cut out to ensure that remote and platform working, artificial intelligence and climate change policies will benefit and not disadvantage workers.

2 Gegužė 2024

There’s a demographic shift sweeping Europe: people are living longer and working longer. Older workers, however, face significant labour market barriers.

25 Sausis 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Lapkritis 2023

The jury is still out on the question whether men and women are from distinct planets. When it comes to the world of work, however, they are worlds apart.

25 Spalis 2023
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Women and frontline workers are most exposed to the risks of adverse social behaviour at work, such as burnout, exhaustion, anxiety and depression. This is according to the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS). In this data story, we dive into EWCTS data (EU27) to examine the

A worker sitting on the floor

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and work. With the lifting of restrictions across the globe, we are now able to examine the many repercussions on the world of work. In particular, the unique demands of the last few years have shone a harsh spotlight on the pressures brought to bear

17 Sausis 2023
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Telework has become a permanent feature of working life in Europe. While we’ve seen the benefits of more flexible ways of working – particularly during the pandemic – the problems that arise from an increasingly connected life are also becoming clearer. Unfortunately, legislation alone may not be

13 Liepa 2022
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The answer is yes – potentially. Assessing the environmental benefits of telework is a complex task, because any move to work from home involves a series of changes in individuals’ daily lives and activities, as well as company-level decisions, that may positively or negatively influence the level

23 Birželis 2022
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As we leave behind the lockdowns and business disruptions of COVID-19 and enter a ‘new normal’, it is time to talk about how workplaces might be transformed to drive innovation. Some may baulk at this suggestion, as we continue to grapple with the pandemic fallout, but crises have always been a

28 Birželis 2021
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COVID-19 has shown that some things can hit us out of the blue. The pandemic sent a shockwave through businesses all over the world and has brought massive changes to work organisation, internal communication and day-to-day operations for many companies. Doubtless, the depth of the pandemic’s impact

21 Birželis 2021

Upcoming publications results (4)

This policy brief investigates how organisations are adapting their work organisation and practices to hybrid work. Based on case studies and on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2024, the policy brief examines how hybrid work is being managed in organisations and profiles t

April 2025

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024

Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change is associated with higher

July 2024
Data results (1)

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