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A era digital: oportunidades e desafios em matéria de trabalho e emprego

A capacidade da humanidade de armazenar, enviar e manipular informações expandiu-se enormemente nos últimos anos em resultado de inovações nas tecnologias da informação e das telecomunicações. Estas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (TIC) têm efeitos significativos em quase todas as áreas da economia, levando a uma aceleração geral no ritmo do avanço tecnológico. Ao mesmo tempo, o trabalho, o seu conteúdo, a sua organização e conceção, a sua regulamentação e proteção enfrentam grandes mudanças nesta era digital. Frequentemente, tais mudanças acarretam também uma diluição das fronteiras entre as diferentes dimensões do trabalho e entre o trabalho, o emprego e a atividade não profissional.

Topic

Recent updates

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Regulatory responses to algorithmic management in the EU

Since 2013, Eurofound's ERM database on restructuring-related legislation has been documenting regulatory developments in the Member States of the European Union and Norway. The most recent update to the database...

Article
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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

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EU context

Os decisores políticos necessitam de adquirir conhecimentos que os ajudem a abordar questões sobre uma regulamentação eficaz, como garantir a proteção social no seu sentido mais amplo e equilibrar as exigências das empresas, das sociedades e dos indivíduos no âmbito da exploração do grande potencial da digitalização.

A Comissão Europeia adotou a estratégia do Mercado Único Digital para a Europa em 2015, destacando-a como uma das suas prioridades políticas. A estratégia pode criar oportunidades digitais para cidadãos e empresas e visa fortalecer a posição da UE como líder mundial na economia digital. O objetivo é aumentar o acesso à informação, levar à criação de emprego para quem possui as competências digitais adequadas e transformar os serviços públicos.  À medida que a economia colaborativa se expande em toda a UE, a Comissão procura incentivar o desenvolvimento de serviços novos e inovadores, garantindo simultaneamente medidas de proteção adequadas. A Comunicação da Comissão de 2016 sobre a Agenda Europeia para a Economia Colaborativa clarifica as regras e as recomendações políticas neste domínio para os cidadãos, as empresas e os Estados-Membros.

Trabalho da Eurofound

A Eurofound analisa atualmente as implicações mais amplas para as condições de trabalho, a regulamentação laboral e mais além no que se refere à escala e ao âmbito crescentes das tecnologias digitais para o mercado de trabalho.

O impacto das tecnologias revolucionárias no emprego no domínio dos serviços está a ser estudado. A Eurofound analisa também as implicações para o mercado de trabalho da economia das plataformas, nomeadamente a externalização de trabalho em linha (crowd employment). Além disso, prossegue a investigação sobre as condições de trabalho e emprego dos trabalhadores móveis baseados nas TIC.

A natureza do trabalho e do emprego na era digital será investigada, com particular incidência:

Principais contributos

Um relatório conjunto com a Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) sobre o trabalho a qualquer hora e em qualquer lugar analisou o impacto do teletrabalho e do trabalho móvel baseado nas TIC em elementos selecionados das condições de trabalho.

A Série de Seminários da Fundação (SSF) da Eurofound é uma oportunidade para os governos, os sindicatos e os empregadores discutirem o desenvolvimento das políticas sociais, de emprego e de trabalho da UE. Em 2016, a SSF incidiu no impacto da digitalização no trabalho e na criação de agendas nacionais para uma melhor implementação das mudanças digitais.

Key outputs

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Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen...

12 Setembro 2023
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

  • In 2021, Eurofound will finalise and publish its 2020 work programme research on the impact of digitisation technologies on work organisation and working conditions and launch its online flagship resource on digitalisation.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Sara Riso is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is involved in research projects in the areas of employment change and restructuring. She joined...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
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Tina Weber is a research manager in Eurofound’s Working Life unit. Having previously shared her time between the Employment and Working Life units, her work has focused on labour...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (44)

Employment levels in the EU27 recovered from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021 much faster than they did after the global financial crisis in 2008–2010. This was despite the immediate job loss effects of the two crises being of comparable scale. Demographic change is affecting labour

28 March 2024

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

O presente relatório aborda o impacto da crise da COVID-19 nos serviços sociais na UE. Embora a pandemia tenha afetado negativamente os serviços sociais, proporcionou, não obstante, ensinamentos sobre a forma de os adaptar em resposta aos novos desafios e riscos sociais. Uma lição, por exemplo, é

16 August 2023

The rise of the platform economy during the last decade is one of the main disrupting forces for European labour markets. While standard employment remains the norm, platforms are expanding their reach and diversifying into novel business models. In doing so, they are also attracting an increasing n

16 May 2023

On request by the Swedish Presidency of the Council of the European Union, Eurofound prepared a background paper as a basis for the discussion at the informal Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs Council (EPSCO) meeting on 3-4 May 2023. The paper outlines some of the key challenges

04 May 2023

À medida que as economias começam a recuperar da pandemia de COVID-19, a escassez de mão de obra está a tornar-se cada vez mais evidente, apesar do impacto da guerra na Ucrânia nos preços dos produtos energéticos e das matérias-primas. Esta escassez inclui carências exacerbadas pela crise em alguns

28 March 2023

Este relatório apresenta as investigações do Eurofound sobre o teletrabalho durante a pandemia da COVID-19 em 2020 e 2021. Explora as alterações na incidência do teletrabalho, as condições laborais de quem trabalhava a partir de casa e as alterações regulamentares relativas a questões relacionadas

08 December 2022

A banca de retalho é um terreno fértil para estudar os impactos da digitalização no trabalho e no emprego. Os serviços financeiros são cada vez mais prestados em linha, sem intermediação de instituições de contacto direto com o cliente. Muitos bancos do setor têm sido objeto de uma profunda

26 September 2022

In collecting information on essential services, the European Commission requested Eurofound to provide input on certain aspects of existing and planned measures in the Member States to improve access to essential services in reference to Principle 20 of the European Pillar of Social Rights. For

07 September 2022

Digitisation and automation technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), can affect working conditions in a variety of ways and their use in the workplace raises a host of new ethical concerns. Recently, the policy debate surrounding these concerns has become more prominent and has

30 May 2022

Online resources results (26)
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Amazon’s expansion in Europe

The U.S. online retail giant Amazon is investing heavily in Europe, creating 11,580 jobs in 2018 alone. As Europe turns towards e-commerce, automation and digitalisation, Amazon will play a key role in reshaping the retail sector. But its impacts are unlikely to be confined to retail alone.

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Lloyds bank’s digital transformation

Lloyds Banking Group is investing £3 billion (€3.35 billion) in technology and staff to improve its digital services. As a result, the Group has announced that it is cutting over 6,000 existing positions while creating 8,000 new jobs oriented towards digital technologies. The move reflects the

Platform work and employment conditions Informal meeting of EU Employment and Social Policy Ministers (EPSCO), 19 July 2018, Vienna, Austria Presentation by Juan Menéndez-Valdés, Director, Eurofound

19 Julho 2018

Spain: AXA recognises workers’ right to turn phones off out of working hours

The beginning of 2017 witnessed increasing debate on allowing workers to disconnect their digital devices after working hours. In July 2017, insurance company AXA became the first company in Spain to recognise workers’ right to do so. The government is currently studying possible legislation in

Czech Republic: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Continued growth in the Czech economy, staff shortages in the social services sector, the tightening of agency employment rules and legislative measures to regulate Uber are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the

Denmark: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Recommendations to position Denmark as a digital frontrunner in Europe, legislative proposals for health and safety and the terms of reference of the working environment committee are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life

Italy: New rules to protect self-employed workers and regulate ICT-based mobile work

Italy’s parliament has approved new legislation giving protection to self-employed workers and regulating ICT-based mobile work. Employer organisations have generally welcomed it, but unions criticise the legislation for its weak wording, the limited leeway left to collective bargaining, and for the

Germany: Working time back on the social partners' agenda

Working time is set to be a high priority during the next collective bargaining round, according to the German Metalworkers’ Union (IG Metall), whose recent survey looked at working time satisfaction. Another survey, by the Federation of German Employers’ Associations in the Metal and Electrical

Spain: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

The inability of the national social partners to agree salary recommendations; digital disconnection after working hours; and the effects of the increase in the minimum wage on employment are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in

France: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

Preparations for the presidential election and a revival of national social dialogue with the signing of a new collective agreement on the unemployment insurance scheme are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in France


Blogs results (23)
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Whatever the benefits of telework – and there are many, including more flexible working time, increased productivity and less commuting – there are drawbacks, as many of the one-third of Europeans who were exclusively working from home during the pandemic will attest. Primary among these is the ‘alw

3 Dezembro 2020
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As Europe braces for a winter wave of the Coronavirus, behind the public health indicators that rightly dominate the headlines, a revolution in working life is under way. In early spring, millions of people throughout Europe took their work home and tried to rapidly adjust to the new world in which

12 Novembro 2020
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Fear has been mounting in the debate around new technologies and the implications for the future of work. But the Coronavirus outbreak is unveiling some real positives of technological advances. Digital communication tools are supporting and enhancing working from home, while innovative companies

6 Abril 2020
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We hear more and more about the platform economy, with the debate often revolving around the potential long-term implications of its growth on the labour market and the impact on traditional and established businesses and industries.

28 Janeiro 2020
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It feels like every day there are new articles or blog posts about how Uber drivers are exploited, or on the bad working conditions and safety standards for Deliveroo riders. In an era of ‘fake news’ can we trust that these are accurate? They most likely are, and I agree that things are not all rosy

17 Outubro 2019
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The spread of ICT in the economy is changing both the types of jobs that employ people and the types of tasks that people perform in their jobs. The latest research on the content of work suggests that computerisation has boosted the proportion of jobs with social interaction at their core, while at

1 Julho 2019
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Imagine you’re at work and something happens: you have to leave to visit a client, you have to go home to let in the plumber, or you have to collect the kids from school as the football training has just been cancelled. If you’re lucky, your employer gives you the flexibility to do this. If you’re

14 Maio 2019
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In the abstract, platform work is the matching of supply and demand for paid work through an online platform. In practice, most people are likely to have encountered it through big online platforms such as Uber, Deliveroo or Amazon Mechanical Turk. This is a new form employment that began to emerge

2 Novembro 2018
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Manual jobs in European manufacturing are being transformed as blue-collar workers take on more intellectual tasks. This is a consequence of the increasing use of digital tools and the growing importance of quality control in production. The severe losses of middle-paying jobs in the manufacturing

27 Setembro 2018

Upcoming publications results (4)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024

This report investigates regional employment dynamics in Europe before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the subsequent recovery from the crisis. Almost 90% of regions across the EU had exceeded their pre-pandemic employment levels by 2022. However, significant regional disparities in emp

August 2024

The interaction between workers and robots is expected to increase in modern workplaces due to rapid advancements in robotic technologies. Advanced robots often leverage progress in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and sensor technologies to achieve a higher level of sophistication and

July 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Data results (1)
24 Outubro 2023
Reference period:

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