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Pracovné podmienky a udržateľná práca

Pracovné podmienky a udržateľná práca sú jednou zo šiestich hlavných činností v pracovnom programe nadácie Eurofound na obdobie rokov 2021 – 2024. Nadácia Eurofound bude naďalej pôsobiť ako centrum odborných znalostí na monitorovanie a analyzovanie vývoja v tejto oblasti vrátane informácií o tom, aký má kríza spôsobená ochorením COVID-19 vplyv na pracovné podmienky a kvalitu práce, ako aj na postupy na pracoviskách.

V priebehu rokov 2021 – 2024 poskytne nadácia Eurofound dôležitý pohľad na výzvy a vyhliadky súvisiace s pracovnými podmienkami a udržateľnou prácou v EÚ. Na základe dlhodobých odborných znalostí v tejto oblasti bude nadácia Eurofound skúmať trendy a pokrok v priebehu času a identifikuje vznikajúce obavy spojené s pracovnými podmienkami a kvalitou práce. Analýza bude zahŕňať rôzne krajiny, odvetvia, povolania a skupiny pracovníkov v tematických okruhoch, ako sú napríklad organizácia práce teleprácapracovný časrovnováha medzi pracovným a súkromným životomrovnaké zaobchádzanieochrana zdravia a pohoda na pracoviskuzručnosti a odborná prípravamzda a perspektíva a spokojnosť s prácou. Osobitná pozornosť sa bude venovať neštandardným formám zamestnania, najmä samostatnej zárobkovej činnosti.

Vzhľadom na demografickú výzvu, ktorej EÚ čelí v podobe starnúcej populácie a rastúcej rozmanitosti pracovného života, bude nadácia Eurofound naďalej skúmať faktory umožňujúce zostať väčšiemu počtu zamestnancov dlhšie v zamestnaneckom pomere. Pozornosť sa taktiež zameria na zlepšovanie kvality práce ako faktora väčšej účasti na trhu práce a zvýšenej motivácie zamestnancov, prispievajúceho k udržateľnej práci v priebehu života.

V úzkej spolupráci s Európskou agentúrou pre bezpečnosť a ochranu zdravia pri práci (EU-OSHA) sa budú skúmať súvislosti medzi prácou a zdravím. Eurofound plánuje na základe spolupráce s Medzinárodnou organizáciou práce (ILO) rozvíjať činnosti v otázkach budúcnosti práce a pracovných podmienok na globálnej úrovni.

„Celkovo sú to dobré správy, pretože pracovné podmienky sa v Európskej únii zlepšujú – i keď veľmi pomaly – obavou však je, že sa tak nemusí diať v prípade všetkých skupín zamestnancov. Závisí to v mnohom od odvetvia, v ktorom pracujete, ďalej od dosiahnutého vzdelania a aj od toho, či ste muž alebo žena.“

Barbara Gerstenberger, vedúca oddelenia pre pracovný život

Topic

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Kľúčové politické posolstvá

Infografika 2021

Hlavné zistenia vyplývajúce z výskumu nadácie Eurofound slúžia ako podklady pre tvorcov politík pri riešení niektorých kľúčových otázok v tejto oblasti.

  • Pre pracovníkov a zamestnancov má zlepšovanie pracovných podmienok zásadný význam. Čo sa týka kvality práce, je potrebné vziať do úvahy mnoho rôznych aspektov. Kvalitné pracovné miesta ľuďom umožňujú dlhší a lepší pracovný život, čo prispieva k udržateľnosti práce a rovnováhe medzi pracovným a súkromným životom.
  • Pracovné podmienky v EÚ sa vo všeobecnosti zlepšujú, aj keď je tempo pokroku pozvoľné. V prípade niektorých skupín pracovníkov nebol pokrok až taký rýchly. Závisí to od typu pracovnej zmluvy, odvetvia a úrovne dosiahnutého stupňa vzdelania.
  • Existuje mnoho spôsobov ako zlepšiť pracovné podmienky a kvalitu práce v EÚ. Pri stanovovaní rámca prostredníctvom regulácie zohrávajú vlády nepochybne dôležitú úlohu. Dôležitými aktérmi sú však aj zamestnanci a zamestnávatelia a ich organizácie. Miestom, kde dochádza k zmene mnohých aspektov kvality práce je pracovisko.
  • Len jedna pätina európskych podnikov prišla na to, ako dosiahnuť optimálnu pohodu na pracovisku a podnikovú výkonnosť. Ukázalo sa, že pracoviská s „vysokou mierou investícií a zapojenia zamestnancov“ dokážu svojim zamestnancom a zamestnávateľom toho ponúknuť najviac a zároveň zlepšujú výkonnosť a kvalitu práce prostredníctvom zvyšovania samostatnosti zamestnancov, uľahčovania zapojenia zamestnancov a podpory odbornej prípravy a vzdelávania.
  • Mnohí ľudia, najmä rodičia a ostatní opatrovníci, veľmi ťažko dokážu skĺbiť prácu a mimopracovné povinnosti. Pružné formy organizácie práce môžu pomôcť vyriešiť tieto ťažkosti, prinášajú však aj výzvy. Napríklad telepráca ponúka väčšiu slobodu pri výbere času a miesta práce, môže to však viesť aj k tomu, že ľudia pracujú dlhšie a intenzívnejšie a je pre nich ťažšie sa od práce odpojiť.
  • Častejšie využívanie telepráce počas pandémie COVID-19 poukázalo na prekrývanie hraníc medzi pracovným a osobným životom. Mnohé vlády a sociálni partneri diskutujú o iniciatívach zameraných na „právo odpojiť sa“ s cieľom zabrániť tomu, aby boli veľké skupiny pracovníkov vystavené fyzickému a emocionálnemu vyčerpaniu.
  • V budúcnosti by sa mali sociálni partneri zamerať na to, aby ustanovenia o dobrovoľnom charaktere telepráce alebo vhodnosti osobitných úloh na teleprácu zahrnuli do všetkých právnych rámcov alebo dohôd. Dôležité bude objasniť, ako môžu zamestnávatelia prispievať na výdavky spojené s teleprácou, ako aj poskytnúť záruky dodržania zásady rovnakej odmeny a prístupu k odbornej príprave pre osoby, ktoré pracujú na diaľku.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects related to working conditions and sustainable work in the EU. Building on long-established expertise in this area, Eurofound will look at trends and progress over time and identify emerging concerns around working conditions and job quality. The analysis will cover different countries, sectors, occupations and groups of workers on issues such as work organisation and teleworkingworking timework–life balanceequal treatmentworkplace health and well-beingskills and trainingearnings and prospects, and job satisfaction. Non-standard forms of employment will be a specific focus, particularly self-employment.

In light of the EU’s demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life, Eurofound will continue to explore the factors enabling more workers to stay in employment longer. It will also put the spotlight on improving job quality as an enabler of greater labour market participation and increased employee motivation, contributing to sustainable work over the life course.

The links between work and health will be investigated in close consultation with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound aims to build on its collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on issues around the future of work and working conditions at global level.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to improve working conditions and job quality, while progressing towards sustainable work, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels in the areas of work and employment. It focuses on identifying pressing issues and specific groups at risk and analysing selected elements.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a robust social Europe. In particular, Eurofound’s research will support policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and activities linked to, among other initiatives, the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the reinforced Youth Guarantee, the Youth Employment Support package, the skills agenda, as well as innovation and job creation and the European Commission’s proposal for adequate minimum wages in the EU.

Eurofound research

Eurofound continues to monitor developments in working conditions, with a particular focus on improvements in the job quality of older workers, the challenges associated with specific types of self-employment and the longer-term structural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

In 2024, fieldwork commences for the newest edition of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which includes questions on working conditions and work–life outcomes relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The first results are planned for the end of 2024. 

Final analysis of data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS) feeds into three studies in 2024: an analysis of working conditions and work practices in the hybrid workplace; an investigation of changing working time patterns; and an examination of the job quality of older workers.

Research commences on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe, examining levels of digitalisation, digital skills, innovation and training strategies. This research assesses how workers in SMEs compare to the average in terms of working conditions, job quality, digital skills and take-up of training. 

Research in 2024 also aims to identify the most vulnerable group of workers by examining employment relationships that combine several unfavourable characteristics. The research investigates the job quality of workers in these employment relationships, their access to social protection and training, as well as ways to support the transition to more secure forms of employment. 
 

Key outputs

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Barbara Gerstenberger is Head of the Working Life unit at Eurofound. In this role, she coordinates the research teams investigating job quality in Europe based on the European...

​Head of Unit,
Working life research unit
Publications results (567)

This biennial review charts developments in a range of working time issues in the EU and Norway in 2017–2018. It finds that while the average collectively agreed working week across the EU remains unchanged since 2016 – at 38 hours – there was a slight decrease in the past two years in the 15 Member

03 October 2019

This report – the latest in an annual series – describes the main developments in industrial relations and the regulations affecting working conditions at EU level and in the EU Member States and Norway during 2018. Based on data from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents, it presents information

02 October 2019

Upward convergence is a process whereby the performance of EU Member States in a given domain or range of domains is seen to improve while gaps between Member States reduce. Achieving upward convergence is of crucial importance to the EU, as the increase of disparities among Member States threatens

25 September 2019

Platform work emerged onto European labour markets about a decade ago. While still small in scale, it is growing and evolving into a variety of forms. Different types of platform work have significantly different effects on the employment and working conditions of the affiliated workers.

23 September 2019

In most EU Member States, reviews of the statutory minimum wage rates spark a great deal of public interest. Such reviews affect the wider workforce, beyond those workers on the statutory minimum wage. Pay rates in collective agreements may be adapted in response to an increase in the minimum wage

04 June 2019

Living and working in Europe 2015–2018 brings together Eurofound’s work on the quality of life, work and employment of EU citizens over the last four years of the outgoing European Parliament and Commission. It has a been a period of economic expansion, growing employment and rising living standards

20 May 2019

This report uses European Working Conditions Survey data to examine working conditions and their implications for worker’s health. Ensuring the sustainability of work in the context of ageing populations implies a greater number of people in employment who can remain in the workforce for longer. The

13 May 2019

Job quality is a major focus of policymakers around the world. For workers, the enterprises that employ them and for societies, there are benefits associated with high-quality jobs, and costs associated with poor-quality jobs. This report – the result of a pioneering project by the International

06 May 2019

This report addresses the rarely discussed issue of rest breaks at work across the European Union. Based on input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents, it reveals some of the complexities involved in defining whether such breaks should be paid or unpaid, how long they should be and where

01 May 2019

Seniority systems – schemes that allot improving employment rights or benefits to employees as their length of employment increases – have not been widely studied. This report provides the first comprehensive study comparing the design and spread of seniority-based entitlements (SBEs) in Europe and

17 April 2019

Online resources results (1778)

The Renault case and the future of Social Europe

The shock announcement by French motor manufacturer Renault, on 28 February 1997, of the closure of its plant at Vilvoorde, led to an unprecedented public display of condemnation among the political establishment of the European Union (EU). The closure of the plant, in the Belgian Prime Minister's

Forthcoming mass redundancies at Tele Danmark: the Danish telecom sector in transformation

On 29 January 1997, Tele Danmark informed its employees of its decision to reduce staff by 2,500 and take on 500 new employees. The decision, which was due to come into effect by mid-1998, is part of an efficiency plan, which will cut annual costs by DKK 600 million and implement major

Employers and unions adopt positions on labour market reform

Employers and unions want to reduce the amount of temporary recruitment and the number of types of employment contract. They also want to increase their freedom to negotiate labour market issues through collective bargaining. These are the key issues in the current debate over a new round of labour

National conference on youth employment

In a context of increasingly difficult youth employment in France, and of social tension about what course of action to take, a recent national conference has defined a number of concrete objectives. These seek to secure employment for the most disadvantaged, and to expose students to the world of

Job security agreement at Blue Circle

In January 1997, the cement company, Blue Circle (BCC), and two of Britain's largest trade unions, the Transport and General Workers Union (TGWU) and the General Municipal and Boilermakers Union (GMB), agreed what has been described as a "ground breaking" deal which gives a guarantee of job security

Working time moves to the top of the agenda

The immediate catalyst for the current prominence of working time in UK industrial relations is the failure in November 1996 of the Government's attempt to have the EU Directive on certain aspects of the organisation of working time (Council Directive 93/104/EC of 23 November 1993) annulled by the

Low wages in a high-wage economy

Compared to many other western industrialised countries, Germany has the image of being a high-wage economy with a relatively low inequality of incomes and living standards. This is mainly the result of the German system of branch-level central collective bargaining (Flächentarifvertrag), where

Controversial changes in Employment Security Act provide for more bargaining at company level

Late in 1996, Parliament passed legislation providing for changes in the Employment Security Act that aroused the anger of the trade unions. Although most of the new provisions apply from 1 January 1997, the most controversial modification, in Section 2 of the Act, will not come into force until 1


Blogs results (61)

There is no one future of work for all jobs – policymakers will have their work cut out to ensure that remote and platform working, artificial intelligence and climate change policies will benefit and not disadvantage workers.

2 máj 2024

There’s a demographic shift sweeping Europe: people are living longer and working longer. Older workers, however, face significant labour market barriers.

25 január 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 november 2023

The jury is still out on the question whether men and women are from distinct planets. When it comes to the world of work, however, they are worlds apart.

25 október 2023
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Women and frontline workers are most exposed to the risks of adverse social behaviour at work, such as burnout, exhaustion, anxiety and depression. This is according to the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS). In this data story, we dive into EWCTS data (EU27) to examine the

A worker sitting on the floor

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and work. With the lifting of restrictions across the globe, we are now able to examine the many repercussions on the world of work. In particular, the unique demands of the last few years have shone a harsh spotlight on the pressures brought to bear

17 január 2023
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Telework has become a permanent feature of working life in Europe. While we’ve seen the benefits of more flexible ways of working – particularly during the pandemic – the problems that arise from an increasingly connected life are also becoming clearer. Unfortunately, legislation alone may not be

13 júl 2022
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The answer is yes – potentially. Assessing the environmental benefits of telework is a complex task, because any move to work from home involves a series of changes in individuals’ daily lives and activities, as well as company-level decisions, that may positively or negatively influence the level

23 jún 2022
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As we leave behind the lockdowns and business disruptions of COVID-19 and enter a ‘new normal’, it is time to talk about how workplaces might be transformed to drive innovation. Some may baulk at this suggestion, as we continue to grapple with the pandemic fallout, but crises have always been a

28 jún 2021
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COVID-19 has shown that some things can hit us out of the blue. The pandemic sent a shockwave through businesses all over the world and has brought massive changes to work organisation, internal communication and day-to-day operations for many companies. Doubtless, the depth of the pandemic’s impact

21 jún 2021

Upcoming publications results (4)

This policy brief investigates how organisations are adapting their work organisation and practices to hybrid work. Based on case studies and on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2024, the policy brief examines how hybrid work is being managed in organisations and profiles t

April 2025

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024

Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change is associated with higher

July 2024
Data results (1)

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