Offentlige tjenester
Offentlige tjenester som sundhedsvæsen, social omsorg, uddannelse og transport er afgørende for at opnå høje niveauer af social beskyttelse, social sammenhængskraft og social inklusion. Men det er kvaliteten af og adgangen til tjenesterne, der afgør deres succes i et foranderligt socialt og demografisk landskab. Udfordringen for beslutningstagere er at sikre design og levering af sundheds- og sociale tjenester, der opfylder borgernes forskellige behov. Denne udfordring er blevet forværret af alvorlige økonomiske begrænsninger og stigende efterspørgsel, delvist drevet af demografisk aldring og delvist af tilstrømningen af flygtninge til Europa. Ud over overkommelighed og kvalitet dukker der også nye problemer op. Disse omfatter mulighederne ved digitalisering samt risikoen for, at nye digitale kanaler for servicelevering kan isolere allerede udsatte samfund, samt den potentielle trussel om øget mangfoldighed blandt serviceudbydere med hensyn til adgang til og kvalitet af offentlige tjenester.
Find det nyeste indhold om dette emne nedenfor.
Europe’s digital welfare revolution: Progress at what price?
As Europe races to digitalise its social protection systems, the promise of efficiency collides with the reality of exclusion—creating a paradox where the most vulnerable risk being left furthest behind.Arbejde for børn er vigtig: En oversigt over levering af tjenester og arbejdsstyrke i Europa
Fremme af børns trivsel og bekæmpelse af børnefattigdom er centrale mål for den nye Europa-Kommission. Denne rapport analyserer tendenser og forskelle i tilgængeligheden af tjenester for børn, som skal adresseres for at opnå dette. Da personalet spiller en integreret rolle i fastlæggelsen af kvaliteten og tilgængeligheden af disse tjenester, beskriver denne rapport desuden status for personalets arbejdsvilkår og uddannelsesmuligheder. Gode arbejdsvilkår og økonomisk overkommelige tjenester af høj kvalitet, såsom førskoleundervisning og børnepasning, spiller også en central rolle med hensyn til at tilskynde til deltagelse på arbejdsmarkedet og øge produktiviteten.
Social protection 2.0: Unemployment and minimum income benefits
This report focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits for people of working age. Individuals with short or no employment records (mainly young people), the self-employed, those with non-standard working arrangements, and the long-term unemployed are often not entitled to higher-tier, or any, unemployment benefits. No Member State was identified where more than 80% of those entitled to minimum income benefits receive them. Benefit recipients at higher risk of having an inadequate income include those without access to social housing in areas with high housing costs, unemployed individuals whose most recent job was low paid and the long-term unemployed people. The report also investigates the rejection of applications (frequently, around 30% are rejected), the digitalisation of application processes (most common for unemployment benefits) and economic activation requirements (typically, 1–6% of benefit recipients annually are sanctioned for not complying with activity requirements) and service entitlements.
Eurofound undersøger borgernes generelle behov med særligt fokus på unge, ældre og personer med fysiske eller mentale helbredsproblemer. Den overvåger og analyserer ændringer i offentlige tjenester forårsaget af budgetbegrænsninger, ændringer i politikker og fremskridt inden for teknologi og digitalisering. Eurofounds forskning i offentlige tjenester undersøger også serviceudbyderes perspektiver og deres reaktion på ændrede brugerbehov.
Europa-Kommissionens sociale investeringspakke, lanceret i 2013, opfordrede medlemsstaterne til at lægge større vægt på offentlige tjenester af høj kvalitet. Den fremhævede vigtigheden af at forbedre adgangen til tidlig barndomsuddannelse og -pleje samt kvalitetspleje som et nøgleelement i at forbedre den generelle sundhed og opretholde arbejdsstyrkens produktivitet. I maj 2019 vedtog EU-Rådet anbefalingen om højkvalitets systemer for tidlig barndomsuddannelse og -pleje for at støtte medlemsstaterne i at forbedre adgangen til og kvaliteten af de tjenester, de tilbyder. Efterfølgende blev European Child Guarantee vedtaget i juni 2021 og har til formål at sikre, at alle børn har adgang til de mest grundlæggende rettigheder som sundhedspleje og uddannelse.
Desuden lægger Kommissionens strategi for det digitale indre marked for Europa, vedtaget i 2015, vægt på modernisering af offentlige tjenester som en måde at øge konkurrenceevnen på. At tage nye teknologier, online offentlige tjenester og grænseoverskridende interoperabilitet i brug er afgørende for at øge omkostningseffektiviteten og kvaliteten af tjenesterne. EU's digitale årti, annonceret i 2021, fastlægger en vision for Europas digitale transformation inden 2030. Den skitserer fire nøgleområder, hvoraf det ene er digitalisering af offentlige tjenester.
Europa-Kommissionen: Socialinvesteringspakkeopens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: Udvalget for Social Beskyttelseopens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: Den Europæiske Børnegarantiopens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: Europas digitale årti: digitale mål for 2030opens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: Fremme af vores europæiske livsstilopens in new tab
Dette er et udvalg af de vigtigste resultater for dette emne.
20 September 2023
Guaranteeing access to services for children in the EU
The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in children’s access to early childhood education and care, education, healthcare, nutrition and housing. This is done using a convergence analysis, which tracks whether Member States are improving in respect of specific performance indicators and whether disparities between them are expanding or narrowing. The analysis, where possible, also looks at the differences between urban and rural areas and between children living in households with different levels of income and risk of social exclusion. The indicators chosen for analysis highlight the links between the Guarantee, the European Semester and the Social Scoreboard.
16 August 2023
Social services in Europe: Adapting to a new reality
This report addresses the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on social services in the EU. While the pandemic negatively affected social services, it nevertheless provided lessons on how to adapt them in response to new challenges and social risks. One lesson, for instance, is that policies should be developed to make better use of digitalisation in the sector, to improve access to new technologies and training for both workers and services’ target groups. And, most importantly, there is a need for clear contingency plans and funding for adaptation in times of crisis.
An increase in public expenditure on social protection, healthcare and education was a critical part of the pandemic response. However, there is uncertainty about the future development of social services in the context of the overarching policy interest and investment in the green and digital transition. This implies that the contribution of social services to the resilience of European societies needs to remain in the policy debate and that policies should be further fine-tuned.
7 September 2022
Access to essential services for people on low incomes: Energy, public transport and digital communications
In collecting information on essential services, the European Commission requested Eurofound to provide input on certain aspects of existing and planned measures in the Member States to improve access to essential services in reference to Principle 20 of the European Pillar of Social Rights. For this exercise, the scope was on energy services, public transport, and digital communications, and the focus on people at risk of poverty or social exclusion (in most cases in practice, people on low incomes). This paper provides an overview of the measures in the Member States based mainly on the inputs from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents, collected in February–March 2022. The paper reviews the measures across the entire EU by clustering the major types or targets of the measures to make essential services accessible, and by succinctly listing main country-level examples. It provides information for understanding the diversity and similarities of the measures applied and suggests pointers on areas where policy action could be developed.
30 September 2021
COVID-19: A turning point for upward convergence in health and healthcare in the EU?
The impact of COVID-19 has moved public health up the EU social policy agenda. As the EU directs its efforts towards establishing a European Health Union to guard against future health crises, this policy brief examines the extent to which the EU achieved upward convergence in terms of health and healthcare outcomes, as well as health expenditures and delivery, prior to the pandemic. It also examines convergence patterns in infections and deaths from COVID-19 and in the mitigating measures adopted by the EU and national governments.
The findings indicate that, from 2008 to 2019, the health of EU citizens improved overall, and Member States converged in health outcomes, but disparities in government expenditures and delivery of health services continued to widen. Against this background, the COVID-19 pandemic caused further divergence, with death and infection tolls varying greatly across countries. The policy brief stresses that a European Health Union would ideally not only reinforce the crisis preparedness of the EU but also ultimately enable convergence in health and healthcare indicators across its Member States.
14 December 2020
Long-term care workforce: Employment and working conditions
The long-term care (LTC) sector employs a growing share of workers in the EU and is experiencing increasing staff shortages. The LTC workforce is mainly female and a relatively large and increasing proportion is aged 50 years or older. Migrants are often concentrated in certain LTC jobs. This report maps the LTC workforce’s working conditions and the nature of employment and role of collective bargaining in the sector. It also discusses policies to make the sector more attractive, combat undeclared work and improve the situation of a particularly vulnerable group of LTC workers: live-in carers. The report ends with a discussion and policy pointers on addressing expected staff shortages and the challenges around working conditions.
8 October 2020
Access to care services: Early childhood education and care, healthcare and long-term care
The right of access to good-quality care services is highlighted in the European Pillar of Social Rights. This report focuses on three care services: early childhood education and care (ECEC), healthcare, and long-term care. Access to these services has been shown to contribute to reducing inequalities throughout the life cycle and achieving equality for women and persons with disabilities. Drawing on input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents and Eurofound’s own research, the report presents an overview of the current situation in various EU Member States, Norway and the UK, outlining barriers to the take-up of care services and differences in access issues between population groups. It pays particular attention to three areas that have the potential to improve access to services: ECEC for children with disabilities and special educational needs, e-healthcare and respite care.
Eurofounds forskere leverer ekspertindsigt og kan kontaktes med spørgsmål eller mediehenvendelser.
Daniel Molinuevo
Senior research managerDaniel Molinuevo er forskningsleder i enheden for socialpolitik og blev ansat hos Eurofound i 2010. Hans forskning i sundheds- og socialpleje har fokuseret på kvaliteten og tilgængeligheden af tjenester, deres digitale transformation og personalets arbejdsvilkår. Hans arbejde har primært fokuseret på tjenester til børn, både hos Eurofound og hos UNICEF, hvor han i 2021 arbejdede med at støtte gennemførelsen af den europæiske børnegaranti. Han studerede sociologi i Salamanca, Spanien og på Humboldt-universitetet i Berlin. Han har en MA i europæiske politiske og administrative studier fra College of Europe i Brugge og en MSc i europæisk socialpolitik fra London School of Economics, hvor han også arbejdede som forsker.
Hans Dubois
Senior research managerHans Dubois er seniorforskningsleder i Eurofounds enhed for socialpolitik. Hans forskningsemner omfatter boliger, overdreven gældsætning, sundhedspleje, langtidspleje, sociale ydelser, pension og livskvalitet i lokalområdet. Før han kom til Eurofound, var han adjunkt ved Kozminski Universitet (Warszawa). Han afsluttede en ph.d. i Business Administration and Management ved Bocconi University (Milano) efter at have arbejdet som forskningsmedarbejder ved European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies (Madrid).
Dette afsnit giver adgang til alt det indhold, der er blevet offentliggjort om emnet.
