COVID-19
COVID-19 muutis meie töö- ja pereelu paljusid aspekte ning COVID-19 on iseloomustanud ka kõiki Eurofoundi uurimisvaldkondi. Agentuur korraldas mitu vooru nüüdseks pöördelise tähtsusega veebiküsitluses "Elamine ja töötamine ELis", et analüüsida pandeemia puhkemisele järgnenud kiireid muutusi. Samal ajal on olemasolevate uuringute ja muude uuringute analüüsides vaadeldud konkreetselt pandeemia mõju üldiselt. Pandeemia pikaajaline mõju elule ja töömaailmale on jätkuvalt osa tulevastest teadusuuringutest, milles vaadeldakse tööturu muutusi, seda, kuidas digiteerimine on muutnud töökohta, kuidas COVID-19 on mõjutanud talitluspidevust ning kuidas kriisid mõjutavad võrdõiguslikkust ja ühtekuuluvust Euroopas.
Leia selle teema kohta uusim sisu allpool.
Töötamine igal ajal, igal pool: tööaja kvaliteet ELis
See uurimisaruanne uurib, kuidas paindlikud töökorraldused ELis mõjutavad tööaja kvaliteeti, autonoomiat ja töötajate heaolu, võrreldes hiljutisi arenguid kümne aasta taguse ajaga. See analüüsib erinevusi oskustasemete, sektorite ja liikmesriikide vahel ning hindab regulatsioonide ja poliitikate, nagu õigus ühenduse katkestada, rolli.Weathering the crisis: How job retention schemes preserved employment and incomes during the pandemic
This report describes the implementation and changing features of job retention schemes in the EU between 2020 and 2022. In response to the COVID-19 health emergency, EU governments swiftly deployed job retention schemes to preserve employment, support businesses and maintain individual incomes. The report shows that, following an initial period during which job retention schemes underwent numerous changes in their eligibility and conditionality criteria, the institutional features of job retention schemes stabilised as the pandemic progressed. Furthermore, the report demonstrates that a high degree of heterogeneity in the features of the schemes was maintained throughout the pandemic and its aftermath. While some of the schemes expired with the end of the pandemic, others were transformed into permanent institutions of the labour market. The report also analyses the employment and distributional effects of job retention schemes, highlighting their significant effects in terms of number of jobs saved and share of personal incomes maintained during the pandemic. An estimated 24.8 million jobs were saved in the EU in 2020 through the use of such schemes. Furthermore, the schemes absorbed more than one-third of the income shock produced by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and more than one-fifth of the income shock in 2021.
Regional employment change and the geography of telework in Europe
The fast and steady recovery in employment following the COVID-19 pandemic in the EU benefited from proactive policy responses to the crisis and from resilient labour markets. Almost 90% of regions across the EU had exceeded their pre-pandemic employment levels by 2022; however, significant regional disparities remain. EU regions fared differently, depending on their economic specialisation and notably on the concentration of jobs in knowledge-intensive services that can be performed remotely. The geography of telework across EU regions was primarily shaped by differences in occupational structure, and fast internet connectivity remains an essential enabling factor. Recent initiatives to support remote work in rural, peripheral or marginalised areas through the creation of coworking spaces show how dynamism and diversity in rural economies can be promoted.
Eurofoundi töös COVID-19 valdkonnas uuritakse pandeemia kaugeleulatuvat sotsiaal-majanduslikku mõju kogu Euroopas ning selle mõju elu- ja töötingimustele. Eurofoundi korrespondentide võrgustikule tuginedes jälgib Eurofound kriitilisi muutusi, mida kriis on toonud kaasa tööturule, töötingimustele ja elukvaliteedile kogu ELis, ning püüab kaardistada, kuidas eri liikmesriigid on tekkinud probleemidele reageerinud. Vastuseks COVID-19-le kohandas Eurofound oma uuringuid järgmiselt:
koguda andmeid selle enneolematu olukorra mõju kohta eurooplaste elule oma 2020. aasta aprillis käivitatud ainulaadse veebiküsitluse kaudu ning jälgida meetmeid, mida poliitikakujundajad on võtnud, et võidelda pandeemia mõjuga tööhõivele, töötingimustele ja elutingimustele
analüüsida konkreetseid teemasid, nagu mõju tööhõivele, mõju konkreetsetele sektoritele, konkreetsete meetmete (nt lühendatud tööaja kavad) tõhusus.
Uurige lisaks:
Muud asjakohased ressursid:
Restruktureerimissündmuste andmebaas: COVID-19 mõju ulatuslike restruktureerimiste mõjule tööhõivele Euroopas
Euroopa töökohtade seire: muutuv tööhõivestruktuur Euroopas kriisi valguses
EU PolicyWatch: andmebaas valitsuste ja sotsiaalpartnerite reageerimise kohta kriisile, mis põhineb Eurofoundi korrespondentide võrgustiku uuringul
Ümberkorraldamise toetusvahendid - EU PolicyWatch: restruktureerivaid ettevõtteid ja mõjutatud töötajaid toetavate meetmete registreerimine, tuues esile, millal juhtum on COVID-19 pandeemiaga seotud asjakohane
Platvormimajanduse algatused – COVID-19: kuidas kriis mõjutab platvormitööd ja platvormitöötajaid
Alates 2020. aastast on riiklikud ja ELi ametiasutused käivitanud mitmesuguseid toetusmeetmeid, et reageerida COVID-19 kriisi mõjule, mis on mõjutanud inimeste tavaelu ja tööd ELis. Pandeemia tagajärjed on eriti mõjutanud konkreetseid sektoreid, paljusid füüsilisest isikust ettevõtjaid ja VKEsid.
Kuigi ELil ei ole tervishoiuküsimustes otsest seadusandlikku pädevust (see on üksikute liikmesriikide vastutusalas), on EL – ja eelkõige Euroopa Komisjon – reageerinud ELi majanduse stabiliseerimisele, piirikontrollimeetmete kehtestamisele, meie rahvatervise sektori tugevdamisele, vaktsiinide tootmise tagamisele kodanikele ning erinevate ettevõtlussektorite toetamisele.
10. veebruaril 2021 väljendas komisjon heameelt selle üle, et Euroopa Parlament kiitis heaks 672,5 miljardi euro suuruse taaste- ja vastupidavusrahastu, mis on ELi liikmesriikidele kättesaadav, et toetada reforme ja investeeringuid taasterahastu "NextGenerationEU" raames, mis on ajutine vahend, mille eesmärk on hoogustada taastumist ja aidata Euroopal kriisist tugevamana väljuda. Rahastu kestab 2026. aasta detsembri lõpuni ja on tihedalt seotud komisjoni prioriteetidega saavutada keskkonnahoidlikum, digitaalsem ja vastupanuvõimelisem Euroopa.
Euroopa Komisjon: Koroonaviirusele reageerimine: ELi meetmete kronoloogiaopens in new tab
Euroopa Komisjon: taaste- ja vastupidavusrahastuopens in new tab
See on valik kõige olulisematest tulemustest selle teema kohta.
7 December 2022
Living, working and COVID-19 in the European Union and 10 EU neighbouring countries
The Living, working and COVID-19 survey, first launched by Eurofound in early 2020, aims to capture the wide-ranging impact of the pandemic on the work and lives of EU citizens. The fifth round of the Eurofound survey, which was implemented in spring 2022, also sheds light on a new uncertain reality caused by the war in Ukraine, record-high inflation and sharp rises in the cost of living. As a pilot survey, a shorter version of the questionnaire was fielded by the European Training Foundation (ETF) in 10 European Union (EU) neighbouring countries. This joint Eurofound-ETF factsheet presents a selection of results from the survey covering both the EU-27 and the 10 selected EU neighbouring countries.
The results reveal at least one clear commonality across respondents from all countries: serious concerns about the rising cost of living. At the same time, the results point to a large divergence in living and working conditions between respondents in the two groups of countries, but also show large differences within the EU itself and amongst the selected EU neighbouring countries.
6 July 2022
Fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey: Living in a new era of uncertainty
The fifth round of Eurofound's e-survey, fielded from 25 March to 2 May 2022, sheds light on the social and economic situation of people across Europe two years after COVID-19 was first detected on the European continent. It also explores the reality of living in a new era of uncertainty caused by the war in Ukraine, inflation, and rising energy prices.
The findings of the e-survey reveal the heavy toll of the pandemic, with respondents reporting lower trust in institutions than at the start of the pandemic, poorer mental well-being, a rise in the level of unmet healthcare needs and an increase in the number of households experiencing energy poverty.
28 January 2022
COVID-19 and older people: Impact on their lives, support and care
This report captures the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the quality of life of older citizens, including the impact on their well-being, finances, employment and social inclusion. It explores the effects on the use of care services and older people’s reliance on other support. The report presents policy measures that have been implemented in EU Member States to support older people along all of the above-mentioned dimensions. These include measures to support independent living and schemes to support the labour market integration of older people or to prevent unemployment, all of which play a role in the quality of life of older citizens.
9 May 2021
Living, working and COVID-19 (Update April 2021): Mental health and trust decline across EU as pandemic enters another year
The third round of Eurofound's e-survey, fielded in February and March 2021, sheds light on the social and economic situation of people across Europe following nearly a full year of living with COVID-19 restrictions. This report analyses the main findings and tracks ongoing developments and trends across the 27 EU Member States since the survey was first launched in April 2020. It pinpoints issues that have surfaced over the course of the pandemic, such as increased job insecurity due to the threat of job loss, decline in mental well-being levels, erosion of recent gains in gender equality, fall in trust levels vis-à-vis institutions, deterioration of work–life balance and growth of vaccine hesitancy. The results of the survey highlight the need for a holistic approach to support all the groups hit hard by the crisis in order to prevent them from falling further behind.
27 September 2020
Living, working and COVID-19
This report presents the findings of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, carried out by Eurofound to capture the far-reaching implications of the pandemic for the way people live and work across Europe. The survey was fielded online, among respondents who were reached via Eurofound’s stakeholders and social media advertising. Two rounds of the e-survey have been carried out to date: one in April, when most Member States were in lockdown, and one in July, when society and economies were slowly re-opening.
The findings of the e-survey from the first round reflected widespread emotional distress, financial concern and low levels of trust in institutions. Levels of concern abated somewhat in the second round, particularly among groups of respondents who were benefiting from support measures implemented during the pandemic. At the same time, the results underline stark differences between countries and between socioeconomic groups that point to growing inequalities.
The results confirm the upsurge in teleworking across all countries during the COVID-19 pandemic that has been documented elsewhere, and the report explores what this means for work–life balance and elements of job quality.
11 March 2021
COVID-19: Implications for employment and working life
Disclaimer - Please note that this report was updated with revised data (specifically for Bulgaria) on 23 March 2021.
This report sets out to assess the initial impact of the COVID-19 crisis on employment in Europe (up to Q2 2020), including its effects across sectors and on different categories of workers. It also looks at measures implemented by policymakers in a bid to limit the negative effects of the crisis. It first provides an overview of policy approaches adopted to mitigate the impact of the crisis on businesses, workers and citizens. The main focus is on the development, content and impact of short-time working schemes, income support measures for self-employed people, hardship funds and rent and mortgage deferrals. Finally, it explores the involvement of social partners in the development and implementation of such measures and the role of European funding in supporting these schemes.
Eurofoundi teadlased pakuvad asjatundlikke teadmisi ja nendega saab ühendust võtta küsimuste või meediapäringute korral.
Daphne Ahrendt
Senior research managerDaphne Ahrendt on Eurofoundi sotsiaalpoliitika üksuse vanemuuringute juht. Alates Eurofoundiga liitumisest 2013. aastal on tema töö hõlmanud paljusid sotsiaalpoliitika valdkondi. Praegu koordineerib ta Eurofoundi uuringute haldamise ja arendamise tegevust ning juhib COVID-19 e-uuringute ettevalmistamist ja analüüsi. Daphnel on rohkem kui 20-aastane kogemus rahvusvaheliste uuringute alal töötava teadlasena, olles varem töötanud Euroopa Komisjoni Eurobaromeetri üksuses ja Londoni Riiklikus Sotsiaaluuringute Keskuses, kus ta töötas rahvusvahelise sotsiaaluuringu programmis. Daphne on omandanud magistrikraadi kriminaalõiguspoliitikas Londoni Majanduskoolist ja bakalaureusekraadi politoloogias San Francisco osariigi ülikoolist.
Eszter Sándor
Senior research managerEszter Sandor on Eurofoundi sotsiaalpoliitika üksuse vanemuuringute juht. Tal on teadmised uuringumetoodika ja statistilise analüüsi alal, ta on töötanud Euroopa elukvaliteedi uuringu ja viimati e-uuringu "Elamine, töötamine ja COVID-19" ettevalmistamisel ja haldamisel ning vastutab andmekogumite kvaliteedi eest. Tema uurimisvaldkonnad on noorte heaolu ja elukvaliteet leibkondades ja peredes, sealhulgas subjektiivne heaolu, töö- ja eraelu tasakaal ning elutingimused. Ta on varem töötanud Šotimaal majanduskonsultandina, keskendudes majandusliku mõju hindamisele, hindamisele ning sisend-väljundi analüüsile. Tal on magistrikraad majanduses ja rahvusvahelistes suhetes Budapesti Corvinuse Ülikoolist.
See osa annab juurdepääsu kogu sisule, mis on selle teema kohta avaldatud.
