Vuonna 2020 käynnistetty Eurofoundin ainutlaatuinen sähköinen Living and Working in the EU -kysely on tarjonnut yleiskatsauksen asumisen ja työskentelyn jatkuvasti muuttuvasta kehityksestä pandemian alkamisen jälkeen elpymistoimenpiteiden ja jatkuvan muutoksen aikana.
Living and Working in the EU e-survey 2024
In round seven of the Living and Working in the EU e-survey, Eurofound continues to measure how the economic and social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and increases in the cost of living continue to affect people across the EU and beyond. How has the situation changed? What are the main concerns for people? Where are the opportunities for progress and improvement?
This latest e-survey round comes during a year of huge potential political change, as elections take place throughout the democratic world, with 49% of people on the planet having a national election in their country. This is in addition to EU and regional elections.
This round of the e-survey continues on from previous rounds and aims to assess the current situation facing people in the EU. It examines a range of issues around people's quality of life and the quality of society, and has a particular focus on the rising cost of living, levels of social support, access to public services such as healthcare, mental health, work–life balance and changes in telework opportunities.
Round 7: This e-survey captures the situation of European respondents and their post-pandemic concerns and seeks to provide critical support to policymakers as they face the challenges ahead.
Launched on 25 March until 24 May 2024
32,405 respondents aged 18+ in the EU27 Member States
E-survey among panellists and advertised on social media
Questionnaire comprised 144 questions, available in 25 languages
To display this data, use the filters below to select a question. Refine the results by selecting a country (or group of countries), apply additional filters (which vary throughout the surveys) or change the visualisation by selecting a preferred chart type.
Dashboard
Increases in the cost of living continue to be the main concern for respondents across the EU, with low and middle-income households particularly impacted. These households struggle more with making ends meet and affording energy, housing and leisure expenses compared to 2023.
The decrease in working from home, observed in each round of the e-survey since the end of the pandemic, has continued in 2024. There are significant country differences: in some countries, hybrid working in teleworkable occupations is common, suggesting that company policies have introduced permanent rules around teleworking. In other countries, hybrid work has become less frequent, as more respondents return to working fulltime at the workplace.
Trust in institutions, such as the EU, national governments and healthcare systems, has remained relatively stable since the end of the pandemic, at least on average among EU respondents. However, there has been a slight decline in trust toward the EU and satisfaction with democracy compared to 2023 levels. While trust in national governments has shown a consistent decline over the past four years, trust in the EU has remained stable overall.
The deterioration of mental well-being continues, with respondents reporting lower mental health scores. This apparent decline in mental health is visible across all age groups, except those aged 65 or over.
Unmet healthcare needs continue to affect respondents, especially those aged 50–64 and those in low-income households. Older respondents report greater difficulty accessing hospital and specialist services, while younger respondents most frequently cite unmet mental health service needs.
Respondents with disabilities report lower levels of well-being compared to others. However, their life satisfaction scores increase when individuals are aged 65 or over, are employed and have a high income.
Respondents with disabilities are far more likely to live in households facing difficulties making ends meet compared to those without disabilities. In fact, the gap between these groups has widened since 2021.
Respondents with disabilities are more likely to experience unmet medical needs, especially those who struggle to make ends meet. Cost is the most frequently cited barrier for accessing healthcare services among this group.
25 June 2024
This section provides further information targeted in particular at researchers.
Methodology
The e-survey methodology is similar for all rounds of the survey.
Eurofound experts
You can contact the following experts for questions on the survey.
Eszter Sándor
Senior research managerEszter Sandor on Eurofoundin sosiaalipolitiikan yksikön vanhempi tutkimuspäällikkö. Hänellä on asiantuntemusta kyselymenetelmistä ja tilastollisista analyyseistä, hän on työskennellyt Euroopan elämänlaatututkimuksen ja viimeisimpänä Living, working and COVID-19 -sähköisen kyselyn valmistelussa ja hallinnassa sekä vastaa tietoaineistojen laadusta. Hänen tutkimusalueitaan ovat nuorten hyvinvointi ja elämänlaatu kotitalouksissa ja perheissä, mukaan lukien subjektiivinen hyvinvointi, työn ja vapaa-ajan tasapaino sekä elinolot. Hän on aiemmin työskennellyt taloudellisena konsulttina Skotlannissa keskittyen taloudellisten vaikutusten arviointeihin, arviointeihin ja panos-tuotosanalyysiin. Hänellä on maisterin tutkinto taloustieteestä ja kansainvälisistä suhteista Budapestin Corvinus-yliopistosta.
Daphne Ahrendt
Senior research managerDaphne Ahrendt on Eurofoundin sosiaalipolitiikan yksikön vanhempi tutkimuspäällikkö. Liityttyään Eurofoundiin vuonna 2013 hänen työnsä on kattanut laajan valikoiman sosiaalipolitiikan aloja. Tällä hetkellä hän koordinoi Eurofoundin kyselyiden hallinnointia ja kehittämistä sekä johtaa covid-19-sähköisten kyselytutkimusten valmistelua ja analysointia. Daphnella on yli 20 vuoden kokemus kansainvälisten tutkimusten parissa työskentelevänä tutkijana, ja hän on aiemmin työskennellyt Euroopan komission Eurobarometri-yksikössä ja Lontoon National Centre for Social Researchissa, jossa hän työskenteli International Social Survey -ohjelmassa. Daphnella on maisterin tutkinto rikosoikeuspolitiikasta London School of Economicsista ja valtiotieteen kandidaatin tutkinto San Franciscon osavaltion yliopistosta.
