Ó seoladh é i 1990, tá forbhreathnú tugtha ag an Suirbhé Eorpach ar Dhálaí Oibre (EWCS) ar dhálaí oibre san Eoraip.
European Working Conditions Survey 2024
Eurofound carried out the fieldwork for the latest edition of its European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) during 2024. The EWCS 2024 provides a comprehensive picture of the everyday reality of men and women at work. In order to future-proof this unique tool for European comparative analysis on working conditions and to look at how trend analysis could be maintained, in parallel to the face-to-face interviews for this survey edition, Eurofound also implemented an experiment for an online questionnaire for the first time.
The microdata for the EWCS 2024 will be available via the UK Data Service in late December 2025. Please refer to the Data availability page for more information on raw data access.
NEW - Fieldwork for the EWCS 2024 follow-up survey is underway and will run until 8 December 2025.
The 2024 edition of the survey provides data to be able to continue to:
assess and quantify working conditions of both employees and self-employed workers across the EU Member States and beyond on a harmonised basis
analyse relationships between different aspects of working conditions
identify work situations that are of concern and/or groups at risk, as well as monitoring areas of improvement
monitor trends by providing homogeneous indicators on these issues
contribute to European policy development, particularly on quality of work and employment
Analysis of the EWCS 2024 is still ongoing. In the meantime, Eurofound's first findings and podcast provide initial insights into the new edition of this survey.
3 September 2025
30 June 2025
As the newest edition in Eurofound's longest-running survey, the EWCS 2024 aims to ensure continuity of the survey analysis, accurate and timely findings and high-quality outputs, as well as adaptability of data collection methods for the future.
Continuity of survey analysis: Comparative analysis, rich set of indicators, job quality at the heart, different working situations, quality of working lives
Quality of findings and outputs: Relevance to users, quality of the questionnaire and finalisation process, quality of the translation, quality of the survey production process
Adaptability of data collection: Comparability over time but also new questions dealing with 'the future of work that we want', findings solutions to collect high-quality comparative data on job quality in a changing data collection environment
The main emphasis of the preparatory work was on maintaining trends to ensure comparability over time in job quality and key indicators on quality of working life, incorporating gender mainstreaming. New questions have been developed to cover the key policy and research agenda around the future of work, including the impact of COVID-19, digitalisation and decarbonisation at work.
A study was commissioned on how to transition interviewer-administered, cross-national surveys to an online mode, with particular emphasis on the EWCS, and another on cognitive pretesting using cross-cultural interviews and web probing.
A comprehensive pilot test took place in all countries from September to November 2023 which provided valuable information to ensure the fieldwork implementation for the main survey is of the highest quality. Following the pilot test a small number of changes were made to the questionnaire and the online design was finalised, based on tests to assess the most appropriate methodological approach for the push-to-web survey.
The survey was carried out from February to November 2024.
Approximately 36,644 workers were interviewed in 35 countries, including the EU27, Norway, Switzerland, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia.
Face-to-face interviewing in the respondents home or neutral location, not in the workplace.
49 language versions of the questionnaire are available.
To display this data, use the filters below to select a question. Refine the results by selecting a country (or group of countries), apply additional filters (which vary throughout the surveys) or change the visualisation by selecting a preferred chart type.
EWCS 2024 (all questions)
Update 2 December 2025: The EWCS 2024 dashboard is temporarily unavailable due to updates. Back online soon.
This section provides further information targeted in particular at researchers.
Methodology
Contractor
Verian, Belgium
Coverage
27 EU Member States, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Norway, Serbia and Switzerland
Fieldwork period
February–November 2024
Target population
All residents of the countries mentioned between above of 16-74 years of age and in employment at the time of the survey. People were considered to be in employment if they had worked for pay or profit for at least an hour in the week preceding the interview (ILO definition).
Sample
Multi-stage, stratified, random samples of the working population in each country. Depending on the availability of high-quality registers, sampling was carried out using individual-level, household-level and address-level registers, or through enumeration using a random-walk approach. Country-level samples were stratified by region and degree of urbanisation. In each stratum, primary sampling units (PSUs) were randomly selected proportional to size. Subsequently, a random sample of households was drawn in each PSU. Finally, unless individual-level registers were used, in each household the selected respondent was the person in work who would have their birthday next.
Sample size
The target sample was 1,000 interviews in all countries except Luxembourg (500), Cyprus, Malta and Kosovo (800). Slovenia (1,300) and Belgium (2,000) had a higher target since they topped up the base sample size at their own cost. The final number of valid interviews for the EWCS 2024 in all 35 countries is 36,644.
Type
Face to face, at the respondent’s home using computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI); median interview duration 42 minutes.
Quality assurance
Respondents were interviewed in the national language(s) of their country. Overall 49 language versions were used.
The English source questionnaire is available.
The language versions of the questionnaire are made available to researchers for background information. Note that there may be some very small discrepancies between the language version and the English source version due to last-minute scripting adjustments prior to fieldwork which are not reflected in the Excel version. If any anomalies are identified the source version should be considered the reference. Eurofound would be grateful to be informed of any issues arising in the translations.
Download the questionnaire in the language of each country below.
Eurofound experts
You can contact the following experts for questions on the survey.
Agnès Parent-Thirion
Senior research managerIs bainisteoir taighde sinsearach í Agnès Parent-Thirion in aonad an tSaoil Oibre ag Eurofound, a bhfuil sé de chúram uirthi tionscadail taighde ar choinníollacha oibre a phleanáil, a fhorbairt agus a chur i bhfeidhm, go háirithe an Suirbhé Eorpach ar Dhálaí Oibre (EWCS) agus a chuid anailísí. Tá sí freagrach as eagrán urghnách EWCS 2021 agus as ullmhú an cheistneora do EWCS 2024. I measc a cuid spéiseanna taighde tá coinníollacha oibre, cáilíocht an phoist, monatóireacht a dhéanamh ar choinníollacha oibre, eagrú oibre, inscne, todhchaí na hoibre agus ama. Tá sí ag obair i réimse na suirbhéanna comparáideacha Eorpacha le breis agus deich mbliana, i ngach gné lena n-áirítear dearadh, forbairt ceistneoirí, obair allamuigh, rialú cáilíochta agus anailís. Is céimí í san eacnamaíocht agus sa bhainistíocht ó ollscoileanna Paris IX, Dauphine agus Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne agus tá Dioplóma Iarchéime sa Staitisticí aici ó Choláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath. Chríochnaigh sí cúrsaí ar líne ar intleacht shaorga le déanaí: ceannaireacht fiosrúcháin-tiomáinte le MIT Sloan Executive Education agus 'Les grand enjeux de la transition: re-ouvrir l'horizon, comprendre pour agir' leis an Campus de la Transition. Sula ndeachaigh sí isteach i Eurofound, d'oibrigh sí ar feadh roinnt blianta sa Choimisiún Eorpach.
Sophia MacGoris
Surveys officerIs oifigeach suirbhé í Sophia MacGoris atá lonnaithe san aonad Saoil Oibre ag Eurofound. Oibríonn sí ar gach ceann de na trí shuirbhé de chuid Eurofound. Tar éis di a bheith páirteach i suirbhéanna trasnáisiúnta le blianta fada, úsáideann sí a taithí agus a ról trasnaitheach chun leanúnachas foghlama agus dearbhú cáilíochta a chinntiú go dtí an leibhéal is airde le linn phróiseas iomlán an tsuirbhé. Sula ndeachaigh sí isteach i Eurofound i 1996, d'oibrigh sí ar feadh roinnt blianta sa Choimisiún Eorpach sa Bhruiséil i réimse na heolaíochta, an taighde agus na forbartha. Tá BSc (Onóracha) aici san Eolaíocht Shóisialta a dhéanann speisialtóireacht ar Bheartas Sóisialta.
