Cosaint shóisialta
Tá córais cosanta sóisialta ann chun daoine a chosaint ar na rioscaí a bhaineann le caillteanas ioncaim a bhaineann le dífhostaíocht, drochshláinte agus easláine, freagrachtaí tuismitheora, costais leanaí agus tithíochta, seanaois nó tar éis céile nó tuismitheora a chailleadh. Is faoi Bhallstáit an AE atá eagrú agus maoiniú na gcóras cosanta sóisialta. Mar sin féin, tá ról ar leith ag an Aontas maidir le cinntiú, trí reachtaíocht AE lena gcomhordaítear córais náisiúnta slándála sóisialta, go gcosnaítear go leordhóthanach daoine a ghluaiseann thar theorainneacha agus dá bhrí sin a thagann faoi shainchúram na gcóras cosanta sóisialta éagsúla. Baineann reachtaíocht den sórt sin go príomha le scéimeanna reachtúla slándála sóisialta.
Faigh an t-ábhar is déanaí ar an ábhar seo thíos.
Foundation Forum 2025: Key takeaways
This paper provides the top 20 takeaways from the Foundation Forum 2025 which took place at IMMA Venues Dublin on 19–20 November 2025.Europe’s social model – The key to competitive growth – Background paper
This background paper outlines the context for the issues to be examined at Eurofound’s Foundation Forum 2025. As the global order proves to be increasingly volatile, the European Union itself is undergoing a profound transformation in terms of its socioeconomic and geopolitical landscape. Enhancing competitiveness and ensuring sustainable economic growth are now at the top of the EU agenda.Digitiú na cosanta sóisialta
Díríonn an tuarascáil seo ar dhigitiú próisis tosaigh agus cúloifige i sochair shóisialta airgeadaíochta. I 10 mBallstát an AE agus san Iorua, is féidir feidhmchlár digiteach a úsáid do gach ceann de na naoi sochar a imscrúdaíodh, nó do gach ceann seachas ceann amháin. I gcúig Bhallstát ar a laghad, cuireadh deireadh le hiarratais pháipéir le haghaidh cuid de na buntáistí.D'fhéach staidéir Eurofound ar rochtain ar sheirbhísí agus ar shochair mar mhodh chun freastal ar riachtanais shonracha agus mar chuid d'iarrachtaí comhtháite chun cuimsiú a chur chun cinn. Is bealach ríthábhachtach iad seirbhísí poiblí ardchaighdeáin chun leibhéil arda cosanta sóisialta agus cuimsiú sóisialta a bhaint amach. Scrúdaíonn taighde Eurofound rochtain ar sheirbhísí sóisialta éagsúla agus cáilíocht na seirbhísí sóisialta sin, agus déantar imscrúdú freisin ar thionchar COVID-19 ar úsáid agus ar sheachadadh seirbhísí den sórt sin. Dírítear ar na seirbhísí agus na sochair sin a fhreagraíonn do riachtanais grúpaí leochaileacha amhail daoine scothaosta, imircigh, daoine óga nó daoine faoi mhíchumas.
Díríonn taighde freisin ar athrú struchtúrtha, arna thiomáint den chuid is mó ag digitiú, athrú aeráide agus COVID-19 (féach grafaic faisnéise thíos), agus conas aistrithe cóir a chinntiú lena gcuirtear cosaint shóisialta agus cearta oibrithe chun cinn.
Sainaithnítear in Airteagal 2 de Chonradh an AE ardleibhéal cosanta sóisialta a chur chun cinn mar phríomhchúram. Cuimsíonn an córas cosanta sóisialta sochair in airgead tirim agus comhchineáil. Leagann Colún Eorpach na gCeart Sóisialta béim ar rochtain ar chúram leanaí, cúram sláinte, cúram fadtéarmach agus tithíocht chomh maith le sochair dífhostaíochta, íosioncam agus acmhainní do dhaoine in aois a chinntíonn gur féidir leo maireachtáil i ndínit.
Leagtar amach i gColún Eorpach na gCeart Sóisialta 20 bpríomhphrionsabal agus ceart atá riachtanach do mhargaí saothair agus do chórais chosanta shóisialta atá cothrom agus dea-fheidhmiúil. Tá na prionsabail struchtúrtha timpeall ar thrí chatagóir, ceann acu is ea cosaint shóisialta agus cuimsiú. Ar an 4 Márta 2021, thíolaic an Coimisiún Eorpach a phlean gníomhaíochta chun an Colún a chur chun feidhme go hiomlán, ag iompú na bprionsabal ina ngníomhaíochtaí nithiúla chun leasa shaoránaigh an Aontais, agus ag an am céanna ag tacú leis an téarnamh ó thionchar COVID-19. Chun éagothroime a laghdú, mhol sé sprioc nua don AE líon na ndaoine atá i mbaol bochtaineachta nó eisiaimh shóisialta a laghdú faoi 15 mhilliún ar a laghad faoi 2030, lena n-áirítear 5 mhilliún leanbh ar a laghad.
An Coimisiún Eorpach: Plean Gníomhaíochta an Cholún Eorpaigh um Chearta Sóisialtaopens in new tab
Ar an 24 Márta 2021, mhol an Coimisiún Straitéis AE maidir le Cearta an Linbh agus Moladh ón gComhairle lena mbunaítear an Ráthaíocht Eorpach do Leanaí chun a áirithiú go mbeidh rochtain éifeachtach ag leanaí atá i mbaol na bochtaineachta agus an eisiaimh shóisialta ar phríomhsheirbhísí amhail cúram sláinte agus oideachas. Ar an 14 Meitheamh 2021, ghlac an Chomhairle Fostaíochta, Beartais Shóisialta, Sláinte agus Gnóthaí Tomhaltóirí (EPSCO) an Ráthaíocht Eorpach do Leanaí.
An Coimisiún Eorpach: Straitéis an AE um Chearta an Linbh agus an Ráthaíocht Eorpach do Leanaíopens in new tab
An Coimisiún Eorpach: Ráthaíocht Eorpach do Leanaí glactha ag an gComhairleopens in new tab
Baineann an Coimisiún úsáid as próiseas an tSeimeastair Eorpaigh chun faireachán a dhéanamh ar chórais chosanta sóisialta na mBallstát agus cuireann sé moltaí tír-shonracha ar fáil nuair is gá maidir le húsáid a mbuiséid shóisialta chun cosaint shóisialta leordhóthanach inbhuanaithe a áirithiú.
An Coimisiún Eorpach: An Seimeastar Eorpachopens in new tab
Príomhthosaíocht eile don Choimisiún Eorpach is ea Eoraip a chruthú atá oiriúnach don aois dhigiteach. Áirítear leis sin infheistíocht a dhéanamh i seirbhísí poiblí digiteacha agus cosaint shóisialta leordhóthanach a sholáthar d'oibrithe ardáin.
An Coimisiún Eorpach: Deich mBliana Digití na hEorpa: spriocanna digiteacha do 2030opens in new tab
Is rogha é seo de na torthaí is tábhachtaí don ábhar seo.
8 October 2024
Social protection 2.0: Unemployment and minimum income benefits
This report focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits for people of working age. Individuals with short or no employment records (mainly young people), the self-employed, those with non-standard working arrangements, and the long-term unemployed are often not entitled to higher-tier, or any, unemployment benefits. No Member State was identified where more than 80% of those entitled to minimum income benefits receive them. Benefit recipients at higher risk of having an inadequate income include those without access to social housing in areas with high housing costs, unemployed individuals whose most recent job was low paid and the long-term unemployed people. The report also investigates the rejection of applications (frequently, around 30% are rejected), the digitalisation of application processes (most common for unemployment benefits) and economic activation requirements (typically, 1–6% of benefit recipients annually are sanctioned for not complying with activity requirements) and service entitlements.
30 May 2023
Unaffordable and inadequate housing in Europe
Unaffordable housing is a matter of great concern in the EU. It leads to homelessness, housing insecurity, financial strain and inadequate housing. It also prevents young people from leaving their family home. These problems affect people’s health and well-being, embody unequal living conditions and opportunities, and result in healthcare costs, reduced productivity and environmental damage. Private tenants have faced particularly large housing cost increases, and owners with mortgages are vulnerable to interest rate increases. In addition, many owners without mortgages, especially in post-communist and southern European countries, experience poverty and housing inadequacy. The cost-of-living crisis affects people in all tenancies. Social housing and rent subsidies support many, but capacity differs across and within countries, and these measures exclude certain groups in vulnerable situations and fail to reach everyone who is entitled to them. Three quarters of Member States have Housing First initiatives – providing housing for homeless people – but these mostly operate on a small scale. This report maps housing problems in the EU and the policies that address them, drawing on Eurofound’s Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents.
5 July 2022
Policies to support refugees from Ukraine
11 March 2021
COVID-19: Implications for employment and working life
Disclaimer - Please note that this report was updated with revised data (specifically for Bulgaria) on 23 March 2021.
This report sets out to assess the initial impact of the COVID-19 crisis on employment in Europe (up to Q2 2020), including its effects across sectors and on different categories of workers. It also looks at measures implemented by policymakers in a bid to limit the negative effects of the crisis. It first provides an overview of policy approaches adopted to mitigate the impact of the crisis on businesses, workers and citizens. The main focus is on the development, content and impact of short-time working schemes, income support measures for self-employed people, hardship funds and rent and mortgage deferrals. Finally, it explores the involvement of social partners in the development and implementation of such measures and the role of European funding in supporting these schemes.
8 December 2020
Upward convergence in material well-being: Is a COVID-19 setback inevitable?
The EU strives for the upward convergence of its Member States, where their performance improves and gaps between them decrease. Nearly a decade after the Great Recession, the COVID-19 crisis has again put this objective under pressure. This policy brief focuses on convergence in material well-being in Europe. Trends in several indicators largely follow the economic cycle, with upward convergence in good times and downward divergence in bad times. This could mean further divergence and polarisation among Member States as we face a new economic downturn, with the prospect of an uneven pace of recovery across countries when growth returns.
The policy brief presents an overview of policy measures implemented by the EU and Member States to smooth the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. It discusses EU coordination of minimum income schemes as a possible tool to limit deterioration and divergence in the indicators should the economy enter a downturn.
8 October 2020
Access to care services: Early childhood education and care, healthcare and long-term care
The right of access to good-quality care services is highlighted in the European Pillar of Social Rights. This report focuses on three care services: early childhood education and care (ECEC), healthcare, and long-term care. Access to these services has been shown to contribute to reducing inequalities throughout the life cycle and achieving equality for women and persons with disabilities. Drawing on input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents and Eurofound’s own research, the report presents an overview of the current situation in various EU Member States, Norway and the UK, outlining barriers to the take-up of care services and differences in access issues between population groups. It pays particular attention to three areas that have the potential to improve access to services: ECEC for children with disabilities and special educational needs, e-healthcare and respite care.
20 December 2019
Casual work: Characteristics and implications
Casual work, both intermittent and on-call, contributes to labour market flexibility and is therefore increasingly used across Europe. In some countries, practices go beyond the use of casual employment contracts to include other types of contracts and forms of self-employment. While it offers some advantages for both employers and workers, it is often discussed by policymakers at EU and national levels due to the observed negative consequences it has for some workers. Impacts include economic insecurity and unpredictability of working time, which in turn affect workers’ health, well-being and social security. From a labour market perspective, casual work raises concerns about decent social inclusion of vulnerable groups, labour market segmentation and more general trends towards fragmentation of work and brain drain. Some policy responses have already been implemented to tackle these issues; further policy pointers are flagged in the report.
Soláthraíonn taighdeoirí Eurofound léargas saineolaithe agus is féidir teagmháil a dhéanamh leo le haghaidh ceisteanna nó fiosrúcháin ó na meáin.
Marie Hyland
Research officerChuaigh Marie Hyland isteach in Eurofound mar oifigeach taighde san aonad Beartais Shóisialta in 2023. Roimhe seo, chaith Marie roinnt blianta mar eacnamaí sa Bhanc Domhanda, áit ar oibrigh sí ar réimse saincheisteanna lena n-áirítear inscne, athrú aeráide agus forbairt na hearnála príobháidí. D'fhéach taighde Marie ar thionchar idirdhealú dlíthiúil ar chumhachtú eacnamaíoch na mban, bhreithnigh sé ról méid an ghnólachta agus cleachtais bhainistíochta ar tháirgiúlacht agus forbairt eacnamaíoch, agus rinne sé anailís ar eacnamaíocht na mbeartas maolaithe ar athrú aeráide. Tá PhD san Eacnamaíocht ag Marie ó Choláiste na Tríonóide, Baile Átha Cliath.
Tugann an rannán seo rochtain ar an ábhar ar fad a foilsíodh faoin ábhar.
