Pereiti į pagrindinį turinį
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Darbo sąlygos ir tvarus darbas

Darbo sąlygos ir tvarus darbas yra tarp šešių pagrindinių 2021–2024 m. EUROFOUND darbo programos veiklų. EUROFOUND ir toliau vykdys veiklą kaip šios srities pokyčių stebėsenos ir analizės centras, įskaitant pokyčius, susijusius su dėl COVID-19 krizės kintančiomis darbo sąlygomis ir darbo kokybe, taip pat darbo organizavimu.

2021–2024 m. laikotarpiu EUROFOUND pateiks svarbias įžvalgas dėl iššūkių ir perspektyvų, susijusių su darbo sąlygomis ir tvariu darbu ES. Remdamasis savo ilgalaike patirtimi šioje srityje, EUROFOUND, atsižvelgdamas į esamas tendencijas ir vykstančią pažangą, nustatys atsiradusias problemas, susijusias su darbo sąlygomis ir darbo kokybe. Bus analizuojamos įvairios šalys, sektoriai, profesijos ir darbuotojų grupės tokiais aspektais kaip darbo organizavimas ir nuotolinis darbasdarbo laikas, pusiausvyra tarp darbo laiko ir asmeninio gyvenimolygybės principasdarbuotojų sveikata ir gerovėgebėjimai ir mokymaspajamos ir perspektyvospasitenkinimas darbu Daugiau dėmesio bus skiriama nestandartinėms užimtumo formoms, o ypač savarankiškai veiklai.

Atsižvelgiant į ES demografines senėjančios visuomenės problemas bei išaugusią darbo pobūdžio įvairovę, EUROFOUND ir toliau analizuos veiksnius, kurie leidžia darbuotojams ilgiau išlikti darbo rinkoje. Taip pat bus skiriama dėmesio darbo vietų kokybės gerinimui, nes tai paskatintų aktyvesnį dalyvavimą darbo rinkoje bei padidintų darbuotojų motyvaciją, prisidedant prie tvaraus darbo kūrimo visą gyvenimą.

Sąsajos tarp darbo ir sveikatos bus nagrinėjamos aktyviai konsultuojantis su Europos darbuotojų saugos ir sveikatos agentūra (EU-OSHA). EUROFOUND tikslas yra toliau tęsti bendradarbiavimą su Tarptautine darbo organizacija (TDO) dėl darbo ir darbo sąlygų ateityje pasauliniu lygmeniu.

„Iš esmės tai geros naujienos, nes darbo sąlygos Europos Sąjungoje gerėja (nors ir labai lėtai), tačiau susirūpinimą kelia tai, kad sąlygos gerėja ne visoms darbuotojų grupėms. Tai stipriai priklauso nuo to, kuriame sektoriuje dirbate, nuo įgyto išsilavinimo lygio ir, tiesą sakant, tai taip pat priklauso nuo to, ar esate vyras ar moteris.“

Barbara Gerstenberger, Profesinės veiklos skyriaus vadovė

Topic

Recent updates

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Pagrindinės politinės išvados

Infografikas 2021

Pagrindinės EUROFOUND tyrimo išvados leidžia politikos formuotojams priimti sprendimus dėl svarbiausių šios srities klausimų.

  • Darbo sąlygų gerinimas labai svarbus darbuotojams ir darbdaviams. Reikia įvertinti daugelį įvairių darbo vietos kokybės aspektų. Kokybiškos darbo vietos suteikia žmonėms galimybę ilgiau ir geriau dirbti, o tai padeda užtikrinti tvarų darbą ir teigiamą profesinio ir asmeninio gyvenimo pusiausvyrą.
  • Darbo sąlygos ES iš esmės gerėja, nors pažanga vyksta laipsniškai. Kai kurioms darbuotojų grupėms pažanga nebuvo tokia sparti: tai priklauso nuo darbo sutarties, sektoriaus bei pasiekto išsilavinimo lygio.
  • Yra daug būdų kaip pagerinti darbo sąlygas ir darbo vietos kokybę ES. Vyriausybėms neabejotinai tenka svarbus vaidmuo kuriant tinkamą reglamentavimo sistemą. Tačiau darbuotojų ir darbdavių bei jų organizacijų indėlis taip pat svarbus. Daugeliu darbo vietos kokybės parametrų atžvilgiu svarbiausi pokyčiai vyksta būtent darbo aplinkoje.
  • Tiktai vienam penktadaliui Europos bendrovių pavyko sėkmingai suderinti darbuotojo gerovę ir veiklos rezultatus. Didelės investicijos į darbuotojus ir aktyvus jų įtraukimas į veiklą yra geriausias sprendimas darbuotojams ir darbdaviams, nes užtikrinant didesnį darbuotojų savarankiškumą, labiau įtraukiant juos į veiklą bei skatinant gebėjimų ugdymą ir mokymąsi, gerėja veiklos rezultatai ir darbo kokybė.
  • Daugelis žmonių, ypač tėvai ir kiti globėjai, turi dėti daug pastangų, kad suderintų savo darbinius ir nedarbinius įsipareigojimus. Lankstus darbo grafikas galėtų padėti išspręsti šiuos sunkumus, tačiau tai taip pat kelia tam tikrų iššūkių. Pavyzdžiui, nuotolinis darbas suteikia daugiau laisvės pasirinkti, kada ir kur dirbti, tačiau dėl to darbas gali tapti intensyvesnis ir ilgiau užsitęsti, sunkiau atsijungti nuo darbo.
  • Per COVID-19 pandemiją padidėjus nuotolinio darbo mastui išryškėjo atotrūkio tarp darbo ir asmeninio gyvenimo nebuvimas. Daugelis vyriausybių ir socialinių partnerių aptaria „teisės atsijungti“ iniciatyvas, kad didelei daliai darbuotojų nekiltų fizinio ir emocinio išsekimo pavojus.
  • Ateityje socialiniai partneriai turi siekti į bet kokias teisines sistemas ar susitarimus įtraukti darbuotojams skirtas nuostatas dėl savanoriško nuotolinio darbo pobūdžio arba dėl konkrečių užduočių tinkamumo nuotoliniam darbui. Taip pat bus labai svarbu išaiškinti, kaip darbdaviai gali prisidėti prie išlaidų, susijusių su darbu namuose, padengimo, taip pat užtikrinti vienodą darbo užmokestį ir galimybę mokytis nuotoliniu būdu dirbantiems asmenims.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects related to working conditions and sustainable work in the EU. Building on long-established expertise in this area, Eurofound will look at trends and progress over time and identify emerging concerns around working conditions and job quality. The analysis will cover different countries, sectors, occupations and groups of workers on issues such as work organisation and teleworkingworking timework–life balanceequal treatmentworkplace health and well-beingskills and trainingearnings and prospects, and job satisfaction. Non-standard forms of employment will be a specific focus, particularly self-employment.

In light of the EU’s demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life, Eurofound will continue to explore the factors enabling more workers to stay in employment longer. It will also put the spotlight on improving job quality as an enabler of greater labour market participation and increased employee motivation, contributing to sustainable work over the life course.

The links between work and health will be investigated in close consultation with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound aims to build on its collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on issues around the future of work and working conditions at global level.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to improve working conditions and job quality, while progressing towards sustainable work, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels in the areas of work and employment. It focuses on identifying pressing issues and specific groups at risk and analysing selected elements.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a robust social Europe. In particular, Eurofound’s research will support policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and activities linked to, among other initiatives, the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the reinforced Youth Guarantee, the Youth Employment Support package, the skills agenda, as well as innovation and job creation and the European Commission’s proposal for adequate minimum wages in the EU.

Eurofound research

Eurofound continues to monitor developments in working conditions, with a particular focus on improvements in the job quality of older workers, the challenges associated with specific types of self-employment and the longer-term structural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

In 2024, fieldwork commences for the newest edition of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which includes questions on working conditions and work–life outcomes relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The first results are planned for the end of 2024. 

Final analysis of data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS) feeds into three studies in 2024: an analysis of working conditions and work practices in the hybrid workplace; an investigation of changing working time patterns; and an examination of the job quality of older workers.

Research commences on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe, examining levels of digitalisation, digital skills, innovation and training strategies. This research assesses how workers in SMEs compare to the average in terms of working conditions, job quality, digital skills and take-up of training. 

Research in 2024 also aims to identify the most vulnerable group of workers by examining employment relationships that combine several unfavourable characteristics. The research investigates the job quality of workers in these employment relationships, their access to social protection and training, as well as ways to support the transition to more secure forms of employment. 
 

Key outputs

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Barbara Gerstenberger is Head of the Working Life unit at Eurofound. In this role, she coordinates the research teams investigating job quality in Europe based on the European...

​Head of Unit,
Working life research unit
Publications results (567)

The long-term care (LTC) sector employs a growing share of workers in the EU and is experiencing increasing staff shortages. The LTC workforce is mainly female and a relatively large and increasing proportion is aged 50 years or older. Migrants are often concentrated in certain LTC jobs. This report

14 December 2020

Closing gender gaps in the labour market by achieving the equal participation of women is among the key objectives of the new Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025. Despite significant progress in reducing the gender employment gap, it has stagnated over the past few years. Moreover, segregation in

09 December 2020

New digital technologies have expanded the possibilities of employee monitoring and surveillance, both in and outside the workplace. In the context of the increasing digitalisation of work, there are many issues related to employee monitoring that warrant the attention of policymakers. As well as

09 December 2020

Megatrends, such as digitalisation, globalisation, demographic change and climate change, are transforming the world of work, with knock-on effects for working conditions and job quality. Against this background, this report examines working conditions and job quality from a sectoral perspective

05 November 2020

This report presents the findings of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, carried out by Eurofound to capture the far-reaching implications of the pandemic for the way people live and work across Europe. The survey was fielded online, among respondents who were reached via Eurofound’s

28 September 2020

Platform work– the matching of supply and demand for paid labour through an online platform – is still small in scale but is expected to grow. Accordingly, it is important to anticipate the opportunities and risks related to this business model and employment form. This report explores potential

21 September 2020

Around three-quarters of the EU workforce is employed in the service sector, and a sizeable portion of service workers interact directly with the recipients of the services they provide, such as clients, patients, pupils and so on. This can be demanding work as it routinely places emotional demands

15 July 2020

How do organisations get the best out of their employees? Research on human resource management has found that a key practice is employee involvement: enabling employees to make decisions on their own work and to contribute to organisational decision-making. A high degree of employee involvement

06 July 2020

Developments in information and communication technology (ICT) have been among the key drivers of change in working life over the past two decades. Specifically, telework and ICT-based mobile work (TICTM) exemplifies how digital technology has led to more flexible workplace and working time

02 July 2020

Although a small proportion of the EU workforce holds down more than one job, it is worth understanding the phenomenon better, not only because it is growing by degrees, but also because of the impact it can have on workers’ health and well-being and what it can tell us about the labour market

22 June 2020

Online resources results (1778)

The Renault case and the future of Social Europe

The shock announcement by French motor manufacturer Renault, on 28 February 1997, of the closure of its plant at Vilvoorde, led to an unprecedented public display of condemnation among the political establishment of the European Union (EU). The closure of the plant, in the Belgian Prime Minister's

Forthcoming mass redundancies at Tele Danmark: the Danish telecom sector in transformation

On 29 January 1997, Tele Danmark informed its employees of its decision to reduce staff by 2,500 and take on 500 new employees. The decision, which was due to come into effect by mid-1998, is part of an efficiency plan, which will cut annual costs by DKK 600 million and implement major

Employers and unions adopt positions on labour market reform

Employers and unions want to reduce the amount of temporary recruitment and the number of types of employment contract. They also want to increase their freedom to negotiate labour market issues through collective bargaining. These are the key issues in the current debate over a new round of labour

National conference on youth employment

In a context of increasingly difficult youth employment in France, and of social tension about what course of action to take, a recent national conference has defined a number of concrete objectives. These seek to secure employment for the most disadvantaged, and to expose students to the world of

Job security agreement at Blue Circle

In January 1997, the cement company, Blue Circle (BCC), and two of Britain's largest trade unions, the Transport and General Workers Union (TGWU) and the General Municipal and Boilermakers Union (GMB), agreed what has been described as a "ground breaking" deal which gives a guarantee of job security

Working time moves to the top of the agenda

The immediate catalyst for the current prominence of working time in UK industrial relations is the failure in November 1996 of the Government's attempt to have the EU Directive on certain aspects of the organisation of working time (Council Directive 93/104/EC of 23 November 1993) annulled by the

Low wages in a high-wage economy

Compared to many other western industrialised countries, Germany has the image of being a high-wage economy with a relatively low inequality of incomes and living standards. This is mainly the result of the German system of branch-level central collective bargaining (Flächentarifvertrag), where

Controversial changes in Employment Security Act provide for more bargaining at company level

Late in 1996, Parliament passed legislation providing for changes in the Employment Security Act that aroused the anger of the trade unions. Although most of the new provisions apply from 1 January 1997, the most controversial modification, in Section 2 of the Act, will not come into force until 1


Blogs results (61)

There is no one future of work for all jobs – policymakers will have their work cut out to ensure that remote and platform working, artificial intelligence and climate change policies will benefit and not disadvantage workers.

2 Gegužė 2024

There’s a demographic shift sweeping Europe: people are living longer and working longer. Older workers, however, face significant labour market barriers.

25 Sausis 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Lapkritis 2023

The jury is still out on the question whether men and women are from distinct planets. When it comes to the world of work, however, they are worlds apart.

25 Spalis 2023
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Women and frontline workers are most exposed to the risks of adverse social behaviour at work, such as burnout, exhaustion, anxiety and depression. This is according to the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS). In this data story, we dive into EWCTS data (EU27) to examine the

A worker sitting on the floor

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and work. With the lifting of restrictions across the globe, we are now able to examine the many repercussions on the world of work. In particular, the unique demands of the last few years have shone a harsh spotlight on the pressures brought to bear

17 Sausis 2023
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Telework has become a permanent feature of working life in Europe. While we’ve seen the benefits of more flexible ways of working – particularly during the pandemic – the problems that arise from an increasingly connected life are also becoming clearer. Unfortunately, legislation alone may not be

13 Liepa 2022
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The answer is yes – potentially. Assessing the environmental benefits of telework is a complex task, because any move to work from home involves a series of changes in individuals’ daily lives and activities, as well as company-level decisions, that may positively or negatively influence the level

23 Birželis 2022
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As we leave behind the lockdowns and business disruptions of COVID-19 and enter a ‘new normal’, it is time to talk about how workplaces might be transformed to drive innovation. Some may baulk at this suggestion, as we continue to grapple with the pandemic fallout, but crises have always been a

28 Birželis 2021
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COVID-19 has shown that some things can hit us out of the blue. The pandemic sent a shockwave through businesses all over the world and has brought massive changes to work organisation, internal communication and day-to-day operations for many companies. Doubtless, the depth of the pandemic’s impact

21 Birželis 2021

Upcoming publications results (4)

This policy brief investigates how organisations are adapting their work organisation and practices to hybrid work. Based on case studies and on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2024, the policy brief examines how hybrid work is being managed in organisations and profiles t

April 2025

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024

Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change is associated with higher

July 2024
Data results (1)

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