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Subjektīvā labklājība
Subjektīvā labklājība attiecas uz to, kā cilvēki uztver savas dzīves kvalitāti. Iedzīvotāju labklājības veicināšana ir viens no galvenajiem ES mērķiem, un pēdējo desmit gadu laikā tas ir kļuvis nozīmīgs sociālās politikas programmā. Tas ietver atšķirības vai nevienlīdzību veselības jomā.
Atrodiet jaunāko saturu par šo tēmu zemāk.
The roots of Europe's mental health crisis run deep
This article looks at the trends, the groups at risk, the services and policies in the area of mental health. The European Commission’s communication on a comprehensive approach to mental health, adopted in June 2023, aims to place mental health on an equal footing with physical health and ensure a new, cross-sectoral approach to mental health issues. But, solutions must be sought not only narrowly within mental health care, but also in improving living and working conditions and facilitating social and economic inclusion.Quality of life in the EU in 2024: Results from the Living and Working in the EU e-survey
Eurofound’s e-survey captures the situation of European respondents and their post-pandemic concerns. This factsheet outlines the most recent data on the main challenges faced by Europeans, with a particular emphasis on the rising cost of living, health and mental health, access to healthcare services, work–life balance, and changes in telework opportunities. View the publication or read the findings in digital format via the related content.
Becoming adults: Young people in a post-pandemic world
During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it had been in recent years, many obstacles remained on their route to independence, such as the rising cost of living and inability to move out of the parental home. This report explores young people’s wishes and plans for the future – and the well-being outcomes related to these plans – in the context of the current labour market and housing situation and progress on the implementation of the EU’s reinforced Youth Guarantee.
Eiropas dzīves kvalitātes apsekojums
Eurofound Eiropas dzīves kvalitātes apsekojumā (EQLS) ir unikāli liels subjektīvās labklājības rādītāju kopums (26 rādītāji 2016. gada apsekojumā). Lai uztvertu vispārējo subjektīvo labklājību, parasti tiek iekļauti divi globāli pasākumi:
apmierinātība ar dzīvi, kas ļauj cilvēkiem sniegt vispārēju savas dzīves novērtējumu
vispārējā laime, kas ļauj cilvēkiem emocionālāk novērtēt to, kā viņi jūtas
Labklājības rādītāji
Eurofound 2003. gadā uzsāka savu pirmo EQLS, 2016. gadā pabeidzot ceturto apsekojumu. EQLS izmantotais konceptuālais satvars kopumā atbilst ESAO pamatnostādnēm. Tas risina subjektīvo labklājību, izmantojot trīs rādītāju grupas:
Vērtējošā labklājība – apmierinātība ar dzīvi un apmierinātība ar dzīves jomām
pozitīva un negatīva ietekme – laime, vitalitāte, miera sajūta, jautrība, depresija
Eudaimoniskā labklājība – optimisms, autonomija, mērķa sajūta, laiks baudīt dzīvi un izturība
EQLS rezultāti liecina, ka spēcīgākie faktori, kas nosaka augstāku apmierinātību ar dzīvi un laimi, ir mērķa sajūta, kam seko optimisms par savu nākotni un autonomiju.
Veselība ir vēl viens svarīgs labklājības faktors. EQLS dati sniedz skaidrību par izmaiņām ES iedzīvotāju veselības stāvoklī kopumā un saistībā ar grupām, kas rada īpašas bažas. Attiecībā uz garīgo veselību un labklājību EQLS uzdod vairākus jautājumus, kurus var izmantot, lai izveidotu PVO garīgās labklājības indeksu (PVO-5).
EQLS 2016 ietvēra divus papildu elementus, kas mēra noturību, lai uztvertu uztverto spēju risināt problēmas un laiku, kas nepieciešams, lai atgūtos. Uztvertā izturība pozitīvi korelē ar garīgās labklājības mainīgajiem lielumiem.
Līguma par Eiropas Savienību 3. pantā ir uzsvērts, cik svarīgi Eiropas Savienībai ir veicināt savu tautu labklājību un strādāt Eiropas ilgtspējīgas attīstības labā. Eiropas sociālo tiesību pīlārā šis mērķis ir atkārtoti uzsvērts un uzsvērts, ka spēcīga sociālā Eiropa nozīmē cilvēku un viņu labklājības izvirzīšanu centrā. Laba veselība un labklājība ir arī viens no 17 ANO ilgtspējīgas attīstības mērķiem.
Lai aptvertu mūsdienu sabiedrības sarežģītību, Eiropas Komisijas iniciatīvas "Ārpus IKP" mērķis ir novērtēt progresu, patiesu labklājību un labklājību, izstrādājot rādītājus, kas papildina IKP rādītājus, bet vairāk ietver progresa vides un sociālos aspektus. Turklāt Eurostat dzīves kvalitātes rādītāji sniedz jaunākos statistikas datus par dažādām dzīves kvalitātes dimensijām ES, papildinot arī tradicionāli izmantoto IKP rādītāju.
PVO Eiropas rīcības programma garīgās veselības un labklājības jomā 2021.–2025. gadam, ko līdzfinansē Komisija, palīdz ES dalībvalstīm pārskatīt savu politiku un dalīties pieredzē politikas efektivitātes un efektivitātes uzlabošanā.
Globālā kontekstā Ekonomiskās sadarbības un attīstības organizācija (ESAO) ir izstrādājusi vadlīnijas par subjektīvās labklājības mērījumu vākšanu un izmantošanu.
Eiropas Komisija: Eiropas sociālo tiesību pīlāra rīcības plānsopens in new tab
Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācija: Ilgtspējīgas attīstības mērķiopens in new tab
Eiropas Komisija: Alternatīvi progresa rādītāji ārpus IKP opens in new tab
Eurostat: dzīves kvalitātes rādītājiopens in new tab un subjektīvā labklājība - statistikaopens in new tab
ESAO: ESAO pamatnostādnes par subjektīvās labklājības mērīšanuopens in new tab
Šī ir atlase no svarīgākajiem rezultātiem par šo tēmu.
21 May 2024
Becoming adults: Young people in a post-pandemic world
During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it had been in recent years, many obstacles remained on their route to independence, such as the rising cost of living and inability to move out of the parental home. This report explores young people’s wishes and plans for the future – and the well-being outcomes related to these plans – in the context of the current labour market and housing situation and progress on the implementation of the EU’s reinforced Youth Guarantee.
7 December 2022
Living, working and COVID-19 in the European Union and 10 EU neighbouring countries
The Living, working and COVID-19 survey, first launched by Eurofound in early 2020, aims to capture the wide-ranging impact of the pandemic on the work and lives of EU citizens. The fifth round of the Eurofound survey, which was implemented in spring 2022, also sheds light on a new uncertain reality caused by the war in Ukraine, record-high inflation and sharp rises in the cost of living. As a pilot survey, a shorter version of the questionnaire was fielded by the European Training Foundation (ETF) in 10 European Union (EU) neighbouring countries. This joint Eurofound-ETF factsheet presents a selection of results from the survey covering both the EU-27 and the 10 selected EU neighbouring countries.
The results reveal at least one clear commonality across respondents from all countries: serious concerns about the rising cost of living. At the same time, the results point to a large divergence in living and working conditions between respondents in the two groups of countries, but also show large differences within the EU itself and amongst the selected EU neighbouring countries.
28 January 2022
COVID-19 and older people: Impact on their lives, support and care
This report captures the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the quality of life of older citizens, including the impact on their well-being, finances, employment and social inclusion. It explores the effects on the use of care services and older people’s reliance on other support. The report presents policy measures that have been implemented in EU Member States to support older people along all of the above-mentioned dimensions. These include measures to support independent living and schemes to support the labour market integration of older people or to prevent unemployment, all of which play a role in the quality of life of older citizens.
9 November 2021
Impact of COVID-19 on young people in the EU
Following a long recovery from the economic crisis (2007–2013), young people in the EU proved to be more vulnerable to the effects of the restrictions put in place to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Young people were more likely than older groups to experience job loss, financial insecurity and mental health problems. They reported reduced life satisfaction and mental well-being associated with the stay-at-home requirements and school closures. While governments responded quickly to the pandemic, most efforts to mitigate the effects of restrictions were temporary measures aimed at preventing job loss and keeping young people in education. This report explores the effects of the pandemic on young people, particularly in terms of their employment, well-being and trust in institutions, and assesses the various policy measures introduced to alleviate these effects.
27 January 2020
What makes capital cities the best places to live?
Quality of life data show that in most countries, the capital city has advantages compared to the regions outside the capital. In light of the continued growth of capital city populations and the concentration of resources within them, this policy brief explores the source of the advantages of capital cities in quality of life. Are these advantages mostly related to specific demographics that these cities nurture and attract? Or do these advantages stem from opportunities that major cities provide due to their scale and economic growth?
The policy brief aims to clarify why policy should focus on both the economy and society when it comes to advancing economic, social and territorial cohesion.
19 December 2019
Household composition and well-being
Demographic change, social progress and economic cycles have impacted household composition in Europe. This report provides an overview of household types in the European Union, how they have changed over the period 2007–2017 and how household type relates to outcomes in terms of living conditions and well-being – such as life satisfaction, the feeling of social exclusion and mental well-being. Changes in household structure have a potential impact on demand for public services and social benefits. The report also discusses the policy implications of changing household composition and recent policies responding to the increasing diversity of households. The report underlines the importance of recognition of diverse family forms, of the provision of social support, and of family policy measures complementing income support in reducing inequality of well-being among households.
12 November 2018
Social cohesion and well-being in Europe
This report provides an analysis of European societies in terms of social cohesion – in particular, social tensions, perceived social exclusion and community engagement are explored as key dimensions. It analyses the links between societal characteristics (quality of society) and well-being of different social groups. The analysis looks at how perceived levels of societal tensions have changed in European societies over time (2003–2016). It also examines which dimensions of social cohesion are most important for individual well-being. The report is based on data from Eurofound’s European Quality of Life Survey 2016, the fourth survey since 2003.
Eurofound pētnieki sniedz ekspertu atzinumus, un ar viņiem var sazināties, ja ir jautājumi vai mediju pieprasījumi.
Eszter Sándor
Senior research managerEszter Sandor ir Eurofound Sociālās politikas nodaļas vecākais pētniecības vadītājs. Viņai ir pieredze apsekojumu metodoloģijā un statistiskajā analīzē, viņa ir strādājusi pie Eiropas dzīves kvalitātes apsekojuma un nesen dzīves, darba un Covid-19 e-apsekojuma sagatavošanas un pārvaldības, un ir atbildīga par datu kopu kvalitāti. Viņas pētniecības jomas ir jauniešu labklājība un dzīves kvalitāte mājsaimniecībās un ģimenēs, tostarp subjektīvā labklājība, darba un privātās dzīves līdzsvars un dzīves apstākļi. Iepriekš viņa ir strādājusi par ekonomikas konsultanti Skotijā, koncentrējoties uz ekonomiskās ietekmes novērtējumiem, novērtējumiem un ielaides-izlaides analīzi. Viņai ir maģistra grāds ekonomikā un starptautiskajās attiecībās Budapeštas Corvinus universitātē.
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