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Condițiile de muncă și munca durabilă

Condițiile de muncă și munca durabilă reprezintă una din cele șase activități principale din programul de activitate al Eurofound pentru perioada 2021-2024. Eurofound va continua să funcționeze ca centru de expertiză pentru urmărirea și analiza evoluțiilor din acest domeniu, inclusiv a efectului crizei provocate de pandemia de COVID-19 asupra condițiilor de muncă și calității locurilor de muncă, precum și asupra activității profesionale.

În perioada 2021-2024, Eurofound va oferi informații importante cu privire la provocările și perspectivele legate de condițiile de muncă și de munca durabilă în UE. Pe baza competenței dobândite de mult timp în acest domeniu, Eurofound va analiza tendințele și progresele de-a lungul timpului și va identifica preocupările emergente legate de condițiile de muncă și de calitatea locurilor de muncă. Analiza va cuprinde diferite țări, sectoare, ocupații și categorii de lucrători pe teme ca organizarea muncii și telemuncaprogramul de lucruechilibrul dintre viața profesională și viața personalătratamentul egalsănătatea și starea de bine la locul de muncăcompetențe și formarevenituri și perspective și satisfacția muncii. Formele atipice de muncă vor constitui o temă specială, în special activitatea independentă.

Având în vedere dificultatea demografică pe care o reprezintă pentru UE îmbătrânirea populației și diversitatea din ce în ce mai mare a vieții profesionale, Eurofound va continua să examineze factorii care favorizează rămânerea lucrătorilor cât mai mult timp în câmpul muncii. Va aduce, de asemenea, în centrul atenției îmbunătățirea calității muncii ca factor favorizant pentru creșterea ratei de activitate și creșterea motivației angajaților, care contribuie la munca sustenabilă de-a lungul vieții.

Legăturile dintre muncă și sănătate vor fi analizate în strânsă consultare cu Agenția Europeană pentru Securitate și Sănătate în Muncă (EU-OSHA). Eurofound își propune să valorifice colaborarea sa cu Organizația Internațională a Muncii (OIM) cu privire la aspecte legate de viitorul muncii și al condițiilor de muncă la nivel mondial.

„Veștile sunt în general bune, deoarece condițiile de muncă din Uniunea Europeană se îmbunătățesc — deși foarte încet — dar problema este că acest lucru nu este neapărat valabil pentru toate categoriile de lucrători. Depinde foarte mult în ce sector lucrați, depinde de nivelul de studii și, sincer, depinde și dacă sunteți bărbat sau femeie.”

Barbara Gerstenberger, șefa unității „Viața profesională”

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Principalele mesaje de politică

Infografic 2021

Principalele constatări ale cercetării Eurofound sunt o contribuție la abordarea unor aspecte-cheie din acest domeniu de către factorii de decizie politică.

  • Îmbunătățirea condițiilor de muncă este esențială pentru lucrători și angajatori. Trebuie luate în considerare numeroase aspecte diferite în ceea ce privește calitatea locurilor de muncă. Locurile de muncă de bună calitate le permit oamenilor să aibă o viață profesională mai lungă și mai bună, contribuind la o activitate durabilă și la un echilibru pozitiv între viața profesională și cea personală.
  • În general, condițiile de muncă din UE se îmbunătățesc, chiar dacă ritmul progreselor este treptat. Pentru anumite categorii de lucrători, progresele nu au fost așa de rapide, în funcție de tipul de contract de muncă, de sector și de nivelul de instruire.
  • Există multe mijloace de îmbunătățire a condițiilor de muncă și a calității locurilor de muncă în UE. Guvernele au, desigur, un rol important de jucat în stabilirea cadrului pe calea reglementării. Dar și lucrătorii, angajatorii și organizațiile lor sunt actori importanți. În multe privințe ale calității locului de muncă, schimbările se produc la locul de muncă.
  • Doar o cincime din întreprinderile europene au găsit secretul nivelului optim de stare de bine la locul de muncă și de performanță economică. S-a demonstrat că locurile de muncă cu grad mare de dedicare și implicare oferă cele mai bune rezultate pentru lucrători și angajatori, mărind performanța și îmbunătățind calitatea locurilor de muncă prin creșterea autonomiei angajaților, facilitarea implicării angajaților și promovarea formării și învățării.
  • Multora le este greu să împace îndatoririle profesionale cu cele neprofesionale, în special părinților și altor îngrijitori. Deși formulele flexibile de lucru pot contribui la soluționarea acestor dificultăți, ele comportă și probleme. Munca la distanță, de exemplu, permite mai multă libertate în alegerea momentului și locului de muncă, dar poate duce și la un program prelungit și intensitate mai mare a muncii și deconectarea mai dificilă de muncă.
  • Creșterea incidenței telemuncii în timpul pandemiei COVID-19 a evidențiat estomparea granițelor dintre viața profesională și cea personală. Multe guverne și mulți parteneri sociali discută introducerea de inițiative ca „dreptul la deconectare” pentru a evita riscul de epuizare fizică și emoțională pentru segmente mari de lucrători.
  • Pe viitor, partenerii sociali ar trebui să vizeze includerea în cadre sau acorduri juridice a unor dispoziții pentru lucrători cu privire la caracterul voluntar al telemuncii sau la adecvarea sarcinilor specifice pentru munca la distanță. Vor fi esențiale, de asemenea, clarificarea modului în care angajatorii pot contribui la cheltuielile ocazionate de munca de acasă, precum și garantarea remunerării egale și a accesului la formare pentru cei care lucrează de la distanță.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects related to working conditions and sustainable work in the EU. Building on long-established expertise in this area, Eurofound will look at trends and progress over time and identify emerging concerns around working conditions and job quality. The analysis will cover different countries, sectors, occupations and groups of workers on issues such as work organisation and teleworkingworking timework–life balanceequal treatmentworkplace health and well-beingskills and trainingearnings and prospects, and job satisfaction. Non-standard forms of employment will be a specific focus, particularly self-employment.

In light of the EU’s demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life, Eurofound will continue to explore the factors enabling more workers to stay in employment longer. It will also put the spotlight on improving job quality as an enabler of greater labour market participation and increased employee motivation, contributing to sustainable work over the life course.

The links between work and health will be investigated in close consultation with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound aims to build on its collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on issues around the future of work and working conditions at global level.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to improve working conditions and job quality, while progressing towards sustainable work, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels in the areas of work and employment. It focuses on identifying pressing issues and specific groups at risk and analysing selected elements.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a robust social Europe. In particular, Eurofound’s research will support policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and activities linked to, among other initiatives, the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the reinforced Youth Guarantee, the Youth Employment Support package, the skills agenda, as well as innovation and job creation and the European Commission’s proposal for adequate minimum wages in the EU.

Eurofound research

Eurofound continues to monitor developments in working conditions, with a particular focus on improvements in the job quality of older workers, the challenges associated with specific types of self-employment and the longer-term structural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

In 2024, fieldwork commences for the newest edition of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which includes questions on working conditions and work–life outcomes relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The first results are planned for the end of 2024. 

Final analysis of data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS) feeds into three studies in 2024: an analysis of working conditions and work practices in the hybrid workplace; an investigation of changing working time patterns; and an examination of the job quality of older workers.

Research commences on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe, examining levels of digitalisation, digital skills, innovation and training strategies. This research assesses how workers in SMEs compare to the average in terms of working conditions, job quality, digital skills and take-up of training. 

Research in 2024 also aims to identify the most vulnerable group of workers by examining employment relationships that combine several unfavourable characteristics. The research investigates the job quality of workers in these employment relationships, their access to social protection and training, as well as ways to support the transition to more secure forms of employment. 
 

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Barbara Gerstenberger is Head of the Working Life unit at Eurofound. In this role, she coordinates the research teams investigating job quality in Europe based on the European...

​Head of Unit,
Working life research unit
Publications results (567)

This issue of Foundation Focus looks at work–life balance and some of the factors that help or hinder workers in combining working with non-working life.

23 December 2016

Low-wage jobs have been a focus of debate in six countries across Europe during 2016. However, the issues discussed have reflected differing national concerns. For some countries, the key issue is the integration of migrants into the labour market; for others, how to stimulate job creation and

23 December 2016

The Foundation Seminar Series (FSS) is an opportunity for governments, trade unions and employers to share knowledge and experiences on the development of EU social, employment and work-related policies.

23 December 2016

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21 November 2016

The sixth European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) builds on the lessons learned from the previous five surveys to paint a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. EU employment policy priorities aim to boost employment levels, prolong working

17 November 2016

This topical update looks at the issue of employee involvement and participation at work, specifically reviewing recent pieces of research at EU and national level, EU directives, changes in the legal framework, social partner initiatives and debates identified in EurWORK quarterly reports during

25 October 2016

This article summarises the recent developments in collectively agreed pay in the European Union. It discusses the levels at which it is carried out, its coordination and coverage. The wage outcomes are put into the perspective of past collectively agreed wage changes and key institutional variables

19 October 2016

EU Member States have been passing laws to regulate opening hours for shops and businesses on Sundays. However, there are also Member States where new legislation is restricting opening hours. According to the European Working Conditions Survey, the proportion of workers reporting working Sundays

23 September 2016

Many EU Member States have implemented reforms to improve the sustainability of their pension systems. However, the impact of discouraging early retirement and increasing the pension age on effective retirement ages is limited, as many people are unable or unmotivated to work until pension age.

09 September 2016

Developments in Working Life in Europe is part of a series of annual reviews published by Eurofound and provides an overview of the latest developments in industrial relations and working conditions across the European Union and Norway.

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Online resources results (1778)
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23 Ianuarie 2023

The rise in cost of living and energy poverty: Social impact and policy responses. 14 October 2022, Informal Meeting of Employment and Social Affairs Ministers (EPSCO). Presentation by Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound.

14 Octombrie 2022
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17 Ianuarie 2023
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28 Iunie 2021
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21 Iunie 2021

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April 2025

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March 2025

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September 2024

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July 2024
Data results (1)

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