Just transition
Just transition is the term used to describe the transition to a climate-neutral economy while securing the future and livelihoods of workers and their communities. A just transition to a climate-neutral economy provides and guarantees better and decent jobs, social protection, more training opportunities and greater job security for all workers affected by global warming and climate change policies.
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Kartierung der grünen Verhaltenspolitik in der EU
Dieses Papier kartiert, wie weit die Mitgliedstaaten Kapazitäten aufgebaut haben, um solche verhaltensorientierten Politiken zu entwickeln und umzusetzen. Es stellt erhebliche Unterschiede in der EU fest, mit einem beunruhigenden Muster: Die Länder unter dem größten Übergangsdruck sind oft am wenigsten gerüstet, um die menschenzentrierten Politiken zu entwerfen, die diesen erleichtern würden.IT-Sektor im Fokus: Entwicklung der digitalen Arbeitskräfte der EU
Der IKT-Sektor treibt die Digitalisierung und die Einführung von KI in ganz Europa voran, doch der Mangel an qualifizierten Arbeitskräften bremst sein Wachstum. Dieser Bericht untersucht Beschäftigungs- und Arbeitsbedingungen für IKT-Fachkräfte sowie die Herausforderungen, die einen der wichtigsten EU-Sektoren prägen.Social implications of the just transition: Citizen support, behavioural adaptation, and policy impact in Europe
This research report examines Europeans’ experiences of the green transition at a time when competitiveness has become a central EU policy priority. Using quantitative analysis of EU-wide data, it identifies who supports green policies, who is changing behaviour, and who risks being left behind. Combining this with a comparative policy analysis across all 27 Member States, including reflections on the use of behavioural insights in green public policy, the report highlights critical gaps and provides evidence-based guidance for aligning competitiveness with an effective and equitable green transition.Eurofound's research is shaped by the key challenges for social cohesion and a just transition in a changing environment. It covers the areas of working conditions, industrial relations, employment and living conditions, providing evidence that can assist policy action.
Main topics linked with the move towards a just transition include working conditions and sustainable work, employment and labour markets, digitalisation, the future of manufacturing, people’s living conditions and well-being, restructuring, skills and training and youth, among others. Research findings could potentially feed into the work of the Just Transition Platform, which assists EU Member States and regions to unlock the support available through the Just Transition Mechanism.
Eurofound also collaborates with the European Environment Agency (EEA) on research around the transition to a climate-neutral economy, in particular environmental and socioeconomic convergence.
A just transition at European level focuses on two core issues for transition, moving towards a green and digital Europe where no one will be left behind.
As a committed party to the Paris Climate Agreement, the EU submitted its long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in March 2020. It sets out the extent of the transition across sectors and regions and lays the ground for designing a just transition.
European Commission: 2050 long-term strategyopens in new tab
Green and digital transition
At the heart of the EU’s long-term strategy is the European Green Deal, which is one of six European Commission priorities for 2019–2024 and the compass to guide Member States towards a green transition that is fair for all citizens. It will contribute to the financing of the transition that Europe faces through its Just Transition Mechanism. In the political guidelines for the next European Commission 2024–2029, Ursula von der Leyen reiterated the importance of staying the course with the European Green Deal goals and committed to a significant increase in funding for a just transition across the next long-term budget. This will go hand in hand with the development of a Quality Jobs Roadmap.
European Commision: Political Guidelines 2024–2029opens in new tab
Responding to the way digital technology is changing our lives, another Commission priority is to create a Europe fit for the digital age, leading the transition to a healthy planet and a new digital world through its European Digital Strategy.
Strong social Europe for just transitions
In January 2020, the European Commission presented its Communication ‘A strong social Europe for just transitions’. This vision to reinforce social Europe prepared the way for an Action Plan to implement the European Pillar of Social Rights, which is the European social strategy to make sure that the ‘transitions of climate neutrality, digitalisation and demographic change are socially fair and just’.
Eurofound’s work related to the just transition links in with several of the Commission’s 2019–2024 priorities, and is highly relevant here.
European Commission: A European Green Dealopens in new tab
European Commission: An economy that works for peopleopens in new tab
European Commission: A Europe fit for the digital ageopens in new tab
Dies ist eine Auswahl der wichtigsten Ergebnisse für dieses Thema.
Watch the webinar - Eurofound LIVE: Is Europe's green transition in jeopardy?
2 August 2023
Green, clean and keen to converge? A convergence analysis of environmental quality of life in the EU
This report explores the dynamics of the environmental performance of the EU Member States and the extent to which the disparities in their performance have narrowed since the early 2000s. The report is a product of cooperation between Eurofound and the European Environment Agency, with the technical expertise in convergence of the former meeting the expertise in European environmental issues of the latter. It focuses on three levels of analysis: headline indicators, residential-level indicators and household-level indicators. In order to explore the multifaceted issue of environmental quality of life in the EU, the report investigates environmental indicators through a convergence analysis. The results suggest that the EU is on the right track to becoming carbon neutral, although the speed of the greening process varies among the Member States. A fast and steady improvement in performance can be seen for most of the indicators. One noteworthy finding is that the economic downturns of the past two decades negatively affected the household-level indicators examined, which focused on energy poverty.
19 July 2023
Supporting regions in the just transition: Role of social partners
This report investigates the involvement of social partners in the just transition to a climate-neutral economy, with a particular focus on the territorial just transition plans. These plans aim to support the regions most negatively affected by the just transition by assisting workers to retrain, relocate and find other jobs, and also support industries that need to phase out fossil fuels or other greenhouse gas-intensive activities. The role and input of the social partners in these plans and their views on the just transition are explored. An analysis of social dialogue practices and examples of collective agreements shows the range of topics covered by the social partners. The report also investigates the role of the energy crisis in the just transition and how it has contributed to delays in the implementation of territorial just transition plans in certain Member States.
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Marianna Baggio
Research officerMarianna Baggio ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin im Referat Sozialpolitik bei Eurofound und befasst sich mit Aspekten der Europäischen Erhebung zur Lebensqualität (EQLS) sowie mit den Themen geschlechtsspezifische Lohntransparenz und informelle Pflege. Bevor sie zu Eurofound kam, war sie als Policy Analyst am Competence Centre for Behavioural Insights der Gemeinsamen Forschungsstelle der Europäischen Kommission tätig. Sie arbeitete als Postdoktorandin an der Universität Vita-Salute San Raffaele (Mailand) und der Universität Trient. Sie bringt auch umfangreiche Erfahrung aus einer früheren Rolle als Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)-Beauftragte in Südafrika mit. Marianna hat an der Universität Trient in Wirtschaft und Management promoviert und sich auf Verhaltensökonomie spezialisiert.
Massimiliano Mascherini
Head of UnitMassimiliano Mascherini ist seit Oktober 2019 Leiter der Sozialpolitik-Einheit bei Eurofound. 2009 kam er als Forschungsleiter zu Eurofound, wo er Projekte zu Jugendbeschäftigung, NEETs und Gleichstellung der Geschlechter entwarf und koordinierte. 2017 wurde er leitender Forschungsleiter und leitete neue Forschung zur Überwachung der Konvergenz in der EU. Darüber hinaus leitete er die Konzeption der European Quality of Life Survey 2026. 2025 wurde ihm der Brendan-Walsh-Preis für die beste in der Economic and Social Review veröffentlichte Arbeit verliehen. Zuvor war er wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Gemeinsamen Forschungszentrum der Europäischen Kommission. Er studierte an der Universität Florenz, wo er Aktuar- und Statistikwissenschaften studierte und einen PhD in Angewandter Statistik erwarb. 2014 erwarb er eine wissenschaftliche Qualifikation als außerordentlicher Professor für Sozialstatistik und Demografie vom italienischen Ministerium für Universität und Forschung. Er war Gastwissenschaftler an der Universität Sydney und an der Universität Aalborg sowie Gastprofessor an der Päpstlichen Akademie der Sozialwissenschaften.
Tina Weber
Senior research managerTina Weber is a senior research manager in Eurofound’s Working Life unit. Her work has focused on labour shortages, the impact of hybrid work and an ‘always on’ culture and the right to disconnect, working conditions and social protection measures for self-employed workers and the impact of the twin transitions on employment, working conditions and industrial relations. She is responsible for studies assessing the representativeness of European social partner organisations. She has also carried out research on European Works Councils and the evolution of industrial relations and social dialogue in the European Union. Prior to joining Eurofound in 2019, she worked for a private research institute primarily carrying out impact assessments and evaluations of EU labour law and labour market policies. Tina holds a PhD in Political Sciences from the University of Edinburgh which focussed on the role of national trade unions and employers’ organisations in the European social dialogue.
Stavroula Demetriades
Senior research managerStavroula Demetriades ist leitende Forschungsmanagerin im Referat Beschäftigung bei Eurofound. Sie ist verantwortlich für die Forschung in den Bereichen grüner und gerechter Wandel, sozialer Dialog, Managementpraktiken, Innovation und hybride Arbeit. Sie promovierte in Soziologie an der Universität Aalborg, Dänemark. Sie hat außerdem einen MSc in Wirtschaftspolitik vom Trinity College Dublin und einen MSc in Regionalentwicklung von der Universität Athen. Bevor sie 1999 zu Eurofound kam, arbeitete sie in Forschungsinstituten, in verschiedenen Positionen im öffentlichen und privaten Sektor und führte organisatorische und sozioökonomische Studien durch. Zu ihren Forschungsschwerpunkten gehören der grüne und gerechte Wandel, Personalmanagement, Arbeitssysteme, Innovation, Beschäftigung und sozialer Dialog. Sie ist außerdem außerordentliche Professorin an der Business School des University College Dublin.
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