Alternde Erwerbsbevölkerung
Die Alterung der Bevölkerung in Europa stellt die politischen Entscheidungsträger vor viele Herausforderungen in Bezug auf Beschäftigung, Arbeitsbedingungen, Lebensstandard und Wohlstand. Dies hat zu Bedenken hinsichtlich der Nachhaltigkeit der Rentensysteme und des Arbeitskräfteangebots geführt. Die Förderung von Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten für eine alternde Erwerbsbevölkerung erfordert ein Umdenken auf Unternehmens-, nationaler und EU-Ebene.
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Europa muss sich an seine alternde Erwerbsbevölkerung anpassen
Da die Geburtenraten auf dem Kontinent sinken und die Bevölkerung altert, stehen die politischen Entscheidungsträger vor der dringenden Aufgabe, erfahrene Arbeitskräfte zu halten und Arbeitsplätze an die Bedürfnisse einer älteren Bevölkerungsgruppe anzupassen.Wie kann sich Europa an eine alternde Erwerbsbevölkerung anpassen?
Wie kann sich Europa an eine alternde Erwerbsbevölkerung anpassen? Mit welchen Hindernissen sind ältere Arbeitnehmer am Arbeitsplatz konfrontiert? Wie beeinflussen sich der technologische Wandel und die Arbeitsplatzqualität auf den Verbleib älterer Arbeitnehmer auf dem Arbeitsmarkt? In dieser Folge geht es darum, diese Fragen vor dem Hintergrund des demografischen Wandels in Europa und der Notwendigkeit, die Arbeit nachhaltiger zu gestalten, zu beantworten.Keeping older workers in the labour force
Europe’s population is ageing and has experienced natural decline since 2014, cushioned only by net migration. The working-age population is shrinking as the number of older individuals grows, a trend expected to continue with the retirement of the baby boom generation. This shift presents challenges for policymakers in relation to employment, living standards and welfare sustainability across EU Member States.
This report aims to answer the question of how to keep older workers in employment as long as possible. It provides a comprehensive analysis of employment developments. It examines job quality differences across various age groups and analyses differences in job quality within the group of older workers. The report also explores the push and pull factors influencing employment trends across Europe and delves into the policies and practices implemented by Member States to keep older workers in the workforce. It highlights the critical role of social partners in shaping these outcomes and, finally, provides general pointers for policymakers to consider.
Eurofound verfügt über langjährige Erfahrung in Fragen der alternden Erwerbsbevölkerung. Die Forschung konzentriert sich seit den 1990er Jahren auf die Erwerbsbeteiligung, die Arbeitsleistung, die Arbeitsbedingungen und die Arbeitspräferenzen älterer Arbeitnehmer im politischen Kontext des sich wandelnden demografischen Profils in Europa. Die Arbeit konzentrierte sich auch auf die öffentliche Unterstützung und Initiativen auf Unternehmensebene zur Förderung der Beschäftigung älterer Arbeitnehmer. Sie hat sich mit älteren Arbeitnehmerinnen befasst und die steigenden Beschäftigungsquoten in dieser Gruppe und ihren steigenden Anteil an der Erwerbsbevölkerung, insbesondere in der Altersgruppe der 55- bis 64-Jährigen, hervorgehoben.
Trotz des erheblichen Anstiegs der Beschäftigungsquoten älterer Arbeitnehmer in den letzten zehn Jahren in vielen EU-Ländern zeigt der Gemeinsame Beschäftigungsbericht 2017 der Europäischen Kommission das Potenzial auf, diese Quoten weiter zu erhöhen. Im Jahr 2016 lag die Beschäftigungsquote älterer Arbeitnehmer im Alter von 55 bis 64 Jahren in der EU bei 55,3 %, verglichen mit 66,6 % für die 15- bis 64-Jährigen insgesamt. Am größten war der Anstieg bei älteren Frauen.
Die europäische Säule sozialer Rechte bietet einen Rahmen, um die Arbeitsmärkte bei der Anpassung an neue Herausforderungen zu unterstützen und gleichzeitig Fairness und Solidarität zwischen den Generationen zu fördern. Er betont das Recht auf ein Arbeitsumfeld, das den beruflichen Bedürfnissen der Arbeitnehmer angepasst ist, damit sie ihre Teilnahme am Arbeitsmarkt verlängern können. Darüber hinaus hat sich die jüngste autonome Vereinbarung der europäischen Sozialpartner über aktives Altern und einen generationenübergreifenden Ansatz dazu verpflichtet, älteren Arbeitnehmern die aktive Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt zu erleichtern und länger auf dem Arbeitsmarkt zu bleiben.
Europäische Kommission: Gemeinsamer Beschäftigungsbericht 2017opens in new tab
Europäische Kommission: Europäische Säule sozialer Rechteopens in new tab
Europäische Sozialpartner: Autonome Rahmenvereinbarung über aktives Altern und ein generationenübergreifender Ansatzopens in new tab
Eurostat: Beschäftigung: Jährliche Statistikenopens in new tab
Dies ist eine Auswahl der wichtigsten Ergebnisse für dieses Thema.
31 March 2025
Keeping older workers in the labour force
Europe’s population is ageing and has experienced natural decline since 2014, cushioned only by net migration. The working-age population is shrinking as the number of older individuals grows, a trend expected to continue with the retirement of the baby boom generation. This shift presents challenges for policymakers in relation to employment, living standards and welfare sustainability across EU Member States.
This report aims to answer the question of how to keep older workers in employment as long as possible. It provides a comprehensive analysis of employment developments. It examines job quality differences across various age groups and analyses differences in job quality within the group of older workers. The report also explores the push and pull factors influencing employment trends across Europe and delves into the policies and practices implemented by Member States to keep older workers in the workforce. It highlights the critical role of social partners in shaping these outcomes and, finally, provides general pointers for policymakers to consider.
19 December 2023
Intergenerational inequalities: How to close the gaps?
The various economic and social shocks of the past decade and a half – most recently the COVID-19 pandemic – have ongoing consequences for the living standards and prospects of Europeans, and sometimes these outcomes have been uneven across age groups. Social policies – such as those in the areas of social protection and housing – in some cases have benefited certain age groups over others. The upshot both of crises and of policies is that inequalities between the generations have widened in important areas.
This policy brief examines some of the intergenerational social trends that either were persistent or changed considerably over the last decade and a half, sometimes contrary to expectations. It focuses on significant developments that have received somewhat less attention in policy planning in the areas of income, housing, work and employment, and health. The intention is to develop a clearer sense of the direction of social change and bring medium- and long-term perspectives into policy thinking.
28 January 2022
COVID-19 and older people: Impact on their lives, support and care
This report captures the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the quality of life of older citizens, including the impact on their well-being, finances, employment and social inclusion. It explores the effects on the use of care services and older people’s reliance on other support. The report presents policy measures that have been implemented in EU Member States to support older people along all of the above-mentioned dimensions. These include measures to support independent living and schemes to support the labour market integration of older people or to prevent unemployment, all of which play a role in the quality of life of older citizens.
26 February 2021
Working conditions and sustainable work: An analysis using the job quality framework
This flagship report summarises the key findings of Eurofound’s research on working conditions conducted over the programming period 2017–2020. It maps the progress achieved since 2000 in improving working conditions and examines whether all workers have benefited equally from positive change. It highlights which groups are the most at risk of experiencing poor working conditions and being left behind. Given the changes in the world of work, emerging challenges for good job quality are identified. The report also provides evidence for measures that could lead to the further improvement of work and the achievement of fair working conditions for all in the EU. The analysis shows that, overall, job quality in the EU is improving, if slowly. Not all workers are benefiting to the same extent, however. Furthermore, gender, age and contractual status have a significant bearing on a person’s working conditions. And while digitalisation helps to address some job quality issues, it also creates new challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated trends, reinforcing concerns and highlighting the importance of achieving job quality for all.
13 May 2019
Working conditions and workers' health
This report uses European Working Conditions Survey data to examine working conditions and their implications for worker’s health. Ensuring the sustainability of work in the context of ageing populations implies a greater number of people in employment who can remain in the workforce for longer. The report examines the interplay between work demands – which carry an increased risk of exhaustion – and work resources – which support workers in greater engagement and well-being. The findings indicate that physical risks have not increased but remain important, while emotional demands have increased, underlining the growing importance of psychosocial risks at work. Changes over time suggest that although the risk of poor health is concentrated in certain occupations, those occupations traditionally considered to be protected are increasingly exposed to risks that are likely to affect workers’ health and well-being.
15 November 2018
Not finished at 50: Keeping older workers in work
23 January 2018
European Quality of Life Survey 2016
Nearly 37,000 people in 33 European countries (28 EU Member States and 5 candidate countries) were interviewed in the last quarter of 2016 for the fourth wave of the European Quality of Life Survey. This overview report presents the findings for the EU Member States. It uses information from previous survey rounds, as well as other research, to look at trends in quality of life against a background of the changing social and economic profile of European societies. Ten years after the global economic crisis, it examines well-being and quality of life broadly, to include quality of society and public services. The findings indicate that differences between countries on many aspects are still prevalent – but with more nuanced narratives. Each Member State exhibits certain strengths in particular aspects of well-being, but multiple disadvantages are still more pronounced in some societies than in others; and in all countries significant social inequalities persist.
21 December 2017
Working conditions of workers of different ages
Demographic change is changing the face of working life across the EU. The increased demand on a shrinking pool of workers to provide for the social needs of an ageing population is leading to increases in the employment rate of older workers and a lengthening of working life. Policy reforms have – on the whole – focused on raising the statutory retirement age and providing financial incentives for older workers to remain in work beyond retirement age. However, a range of other factors also influence workers’ decision to continue working into old age – including health and well-being, work–life balance, career prospects and job security, and working conditions such as autonomy, hours of work and psychosocial aspects of the workplace. This report analyses these factors in depth for the 28 EU Member States, using data from the latest European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS 2015) and in the context of Eurofound’s concept of ‘sustainable work over the life course’.
Die Forschenden von Eurofound bringen ihr Fachwissen ein und stehen für Fragen und Medienanfragen zur Verfügung.
Franz Ferdinand Eiffe
Research managerFranz Eiffe ist Forschungsmanager im Referat Arbeitsleben bei Eurofound. Er ist an Projekten zu nachhaltiger Arbeit, quantitativen Analysen und Aufwärtskonvergenz in der EU sowie an der Vorbereitung des vierten Europäischen Unternehmenssurveys beteiligt. Bevor er 2016 zu Eurofound kam, war er Leiter des Referats "Analyse" bei Statistik Austria in Wien und Projektleiter von "Wie ist Österreich? Messung von Wohlstand und Fortschritt über das BIP hinaus". Er promovierte in Volkswirtschaftslehre an der Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien (WU), wo er von 2005 bis 2009 als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter und bis 2016 als Lehrbeauftragter tätig war.
Hans Dubois
Senior research managerHans Dubois ist leitender Forschungsmanager im Referat Sozialpolitik bei Eurofound. Zu seinen Forschungsthemen gehören Wohnen, Überschuldung, Gesundheit, Langzeitpflege, Sozialleistungen, Altersvorsorge und Lebensqualität in der Region. Bevor er zu Eurofound kam, war er Assistenzprofessor an der Kozminski-Universität (Warschau). Er promovierte in Betriebswirtschaft und Management an der Universität Bocconi (Mailand), nachdem er als Forschungsbeauftragter am Europäischen Observatorium für Gesundheitssysteme und -politik (Madrid) gearbeitet hatte.
Oscar Vargas Llave
Senior research managerOscar Vargas Llave is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and manages projects on changes in the world of work and the impact on working conditions and related policies: organisation of working time, remote work, the right to disconnect, health and well-being and ageing. Before joining Eurofound in December 2009, he worked as project coordinator in the field of health and safety and was responsible for the Professional Card Scheme for the Construction Sector in Spain at the non-profit Fundación Laboral de la Construcción in Madrid. He has a background in industrial sociology (Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca), and also holds a Diploma in Social Science Research Methods from the University of Cardiff and a Master’s degree in Health and Safety from the Autonomous University of Madrid.
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