Aller au contenu principal
image_activity6_social_cohesion_convergence.png

Promouvoir la cohésion sociale et la convergence

La promotion de la cohésion sociale et de la convergence constitue l’une des six principales activités du programme de travail d’Eurofound pour la période 2021-2024. Eurofound continuera à agir en tant que centre d’expertise pour le suivi et l’analyse des principaux facteurs et tendances de la réalisation d’une convergence ascendante des conditions de vie et de travail ainsi que du renforcement de la cohésion économique et sociale dans l’Union européenne. La pandémie de COVID-19 représente un défi sans précédent pour la résilience économique et sociale de l’UE, soulignant la fragilité de tout progrès dans les modèles de convergence déjà réalisés.

Au cours des quatre prochaines années, Eurofound fournira des informations importantes sur les défis et les perspectives dans le domaine de la cohésion sociale et de la convergence dans l’UE, en contribuant à garantir la résilience de ses économies et ses sociétés aux chocs futurs. Eurofound développera ses travaux des années précédentes sur le thème de la convergence ascendante, en mettant particulièrement l’accent sur l’accroissement potentiel de nouvelles inégalités entre les citoyens et sur la manière de relever les défis accrus en termes de cohésion sociale engendrés par la crise. L’Agence fera régulièrement rapport sur les tendances en matière de convergence ascendante dans la dimension socio-économique, ainsi que dans les volets énoncés dans le socle européen des droits sociaux au niveau des États membres et des régions, tout en comparant également l’UE avec d’autres pays industrialisés.

En explorant les moteurs et les implications de la convergence économique et sociale, Eurofound prêtera attention à une série de facteurs, tels que l’investissement social, les cadres de mobilité et institutionnels, la réglementation, les systèmes de protection sociale, la qualité institutionnelle et les services publics , le dialogue social et les réformes structurelles. Les recherches étudieront l’efficacité de la réponse de l’UE à la pandémie en ce qui concerne la convergence économique et sociale. Elles examineront également la situation dans la zone euro, tout en se concentrant sur l’influence exercée par les processus de relations industrielles sur la convergence.

Eurofound étudiera les tendances et les moteurs de la cohésion sociale dans l’Union européenne, en examinant notamment comment la pandémie de COVID-19 a accentué les inégalités existantes ou en a déclenché de nouvelles qui touchent la société en général ou des groupes spécifiques de citoyens. L’analyse portera sur les disparités économiques, sociales et en matière de santé, tant sur le marché du travail qu’en ce qui concerne l’accès à et la qualité des biens et services essentiels tels que les soins de santé, le logement, l’éducation et la protection sociale . Le lien entre les inégalités, la confiance institutionnelle et le mécontentement sera étudié. Parmi les autres domaines d’intérêt figurent la migration , l’intégration et les tensions sociétales.Les résultats de recherche issus de cette activité contribueront aux travaux des différents services de la Commission européenne et du Comité de l’emploi (COEM), du Comité de la protection sociale (CPS), du Comité économique et financier (CEF), du Conseil et du Parlement européen, y compris en ce qui concerne le Semestre européen.

«La crise liée à la COVID-19 a ramené le concept de convergence ascendante au centre du débat politique... La convergence ascendante est importante pour la stabilité de l’Union. Ne pas tenir la promesse d’une convergence ascendante risque de saper le fonctionnement de l’Union et de créer un mécontentement politique à l’égard du projet de l’Union européenne».

— Massimiliano Mascherini, chef de l’unité «Politiques sociales»

Topic

Recent updates

ef23012-card-cover.png

This report investigates the political dimensions of social cohesion in Europe, offering a 20-year perspective derived from 10 rounds of the European Social Survey. It scrutinises trends and regional variations...

26 avril 2024
Publication
Research report

Messages politiques clés

Infographie

Les principales conclusions issues des recherches d’Eurofound servent de base aux décideurs politiques pour aborder certaines questions clés dans ce domaine.

  • Une convergence économique et sociale durable est essentielle à la stabilité durable de l’Europe et nécessite une approche européenne intégrée.
  • Les performances économiques et sociales divergentes des États membres mettent en péril la prospérité partagée et les conditions de vie et de travail décentes. Il est donc essentiel de suivre les tendances en matière de convergence dans l’UE et de mettre en œuvre des politiques pour éviter les divergences.
  • Avant la COVID-19, l’Europe avait connu six années de croissance économique ininterrompue, amortissant les retombées de la crise de 2008 et enregistrant une convergence ascendante dans des domaines tels que l’emploi et le risque de pauvreté. Mais tous les États membres n’en ont pas bénéficié de manière égale et les disparités régionales se sont accentuées.
  • La pandémie de COVID-19 risque de creuser davantage les inégalités entre les États membres ainsi qu’entre les différents groupes socio-économiques. Cela mettra à l’épreuve la résilience économique et sociale des États membres face au risque de divergence économique et sociale dans l’Union européenne. Ces disparités croissantes peuvent également avoir une incidence sur la stabilité de l’UE et soulignent la nécessité de mettre pleinement en œuvre le socle européen des droits sociaux et de communiquer clairement ces mesures aux citoyens de l’UE.
  • Préserver la confiance qu’ont les citoyens dans les institutions nationales et européennes doit rester un objectif clé en temps de crise, car le respect des mesures pour contenir la pandémie de COVID-19 dépend largement du niveau de confiance dans les institutions et les avis scientifiques. Le fait que les niveaux de confiance institutionnelle signalés par les personnes interrogées ayant bénéficié de mesures de soutien aient augmenté envoie également un message clair aux gouvernements nationaux et à l’UE.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of social cohesion and convergence in the EU, helping to ensure its economies and societies are resilient to future shocks. Eurofound will expand on its work from previous years on the upward convergence theme, with particular emphasis on the potential rise of new inequalities among citizens and how to address the increased challenges to social cohesion brought about by the crisis. The Agency will report regularly on trends in upward convergence in the socioeconomic dimension, as well as in the dimensions outlined in the European Pillar of Social Rights at Member State and regional levels, while also comparing the EU with other developed countries.

In exploring the drivers and implications of economic and social convergence, Eurofound will pay attention to a range of factors: social investment, mobility and institutional frameworks, regulation, welfare systems, institutional quality and public servicessocial dialogue and structural reforms. The research will examine the effectiveness of the EU’s response to the pandemic for economic and social convergence. It will also consider the situation in the euro area, as well as focusing on the role of industrial relations processes in influencing convergence.

Eurofound will investigate the trends and drivers of social cohesion in the European Union, in particular examining how the COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated existing inequalities or triggered new ones affecting society more broadly or specific groups of citizens. The analysis will focus on economic, social and health disparities, both in the labour market and in terms of access to and quality of crucial goods and services such as healthcare, housing, education and social protection. The link between inequalities, institutional trust and discontent will be studied. Other areas of interest include migration, integration and societal tensions.

The research results emerging from this activity will contribute to the work of the different services of the European Commission and the Employment Committee (EMCO), the Social Protection Committee (SPC), the Economic and Financial Committee (EFC), the Council and the European Parliament, including in relation to the European Semester.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to support sustainable upward economic and social convergence, to reduce multidimensional inequalities and to develop initiatives to strengthen social cohesion, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels brought about by COVID-19. By investigating the pandemic recovery programmes at European level and their effect on economic and social convergence, Eurofound aims to inform policymakers on ways to promote convergence and the effectiveness of various initiatives. Research on social cohesion is intended to advance the debate on ways to promote policies towards a fairer and more inclusive society.

The Agency’s work programme is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research links in with the EU objective of sustainable economic and social convergence and will seek to support the debate on the European Pillar of Social Rights, its implementation and monitoring role, as well as on the reform of Economic and Monetary Union. Findings on trust can contribute to the initiatives regarding the Future of Europe debate.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to study upward convergence towards better working and living conditions and stronger economic and social cohesion. The focus is on the potential rise of new inequalities and how to explain and address the increased challenges to the social cohesion of the EU brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Eurofound continues to report on the latest trends in and drivers of upward convergence in the socioeconomic dimension by updating and maintaining its dashboard of indicators and by providing regular annual updates at Member State and regional level.

Building on previous work on income inequalities and on the middle classes, research concludes on trends in this area, shedding light on the impact of the increased cost of living on different income groups, including the middle class, and households.

Eurofound provides new evidence on the role of human capital in inequalities across the EU, in particular its role in ensuring social cohesion and convergence. Alongside exploring stocks and flows of human capital across Member States, the study offers an insight into the role of education as a driver of economic and social convergence. 

New evidence also sheds light on the emerging challenges and opportunities arising from the high inflow of Ukrainian refugees to the EU, focusing on integration efforts at EU and national level, as well as the impact on public services.

A new project on the role of digitalisation complements Eurofound’s work on convergence and inequalities. This research analyses the long-term trends in the uptake and usage of digital technologies by EU citizens and the progress made by Member States in fulfilling the targets set in their recovery and resilience plans. It also assesses if digitalisation is a driver of economic and social convergence in the EU, with a focus on income, employment and poverty.

Building on previous work in 2019 and drawing on newer data, Eurofound aims to identify changes in overall wealth distribution during recent years and produce a more detailed account of the size and composition of the population with no or negative wealth, and of the asset composition of the wealth quintiles.

New research also examines the dynamics of social cohesion, polarisation in perceived trust in institutions and satisfaction with democracy in Europe. This analysis explores social developments that can lead to tensions, withdrawal or radicalisation, and the main dimension of the polarisation in European societies over the last decade. Looking at the 2024 European elections, the research investigates new forms of inclusive participation and their possible effect on polarisation.

Key outputs

Eurofound expert(s)

massimiliano-mascherini-2023.png

Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
epe-eleonora-peruffo-600px.png

Eleonora Peruffo is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. She works on topics related to upward convergence and social cohesion in Europe. During 2021–2022...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (37)

This report investigates the political dimensions of social cohesion in Europe, offering a 20-year perspective derived from 10 rounds of the European Social Survey. It scrutinises trends and regional variations in political participation, examining correlations with levels of institutional distrust

26 April 2024

This report focuses on the challenges that the EU Member States and Norway face when receiving and integrating refugees who fled Ukraine after Russia’s invasion in February 2022. It investigates their labour market integration and access to and experiences with public services that are crucial for

28 March 2024

The urban-rural divide in EU countries has grown in recent years, and the depopulation of certain rural areas in favour of cities is a challenge when it comes to promoting economic development and maintaining social cohesion and convergence.

18 October 2023

The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in children’s access to early childhood education and care, education, healthcare, nutrition and housing. This is done using a

21 September 2023

This report investigates the social groups whose attachment to the labour market may be unstable and who are most likely to have non-standard working arrangements, and the implications of such arrangements, and job insecurity, for workers’ well-being, social exclusion, trust, perception of fairness

29 August 2023

Le présent rapport étudie la dynamique des performances environnementales des États membres de l’UE et la mesure dans laquelle leurs disparités en la matière se sont réduites depuis le début des années 2000. Il est le fruit d’une coopération entre Eurofound et l’Agence européenne pour l

03 August 2023

En réponse à la guerre de la Russie contre l'Ukraine, l'UE a activé sa directive relative à la protection temporaire (DPT) pour les personnes qui ont fui l'Ukraine, leur permettant de s'installer dans l'UE et d'accéder aux services publics de base et au marché du travail. Au printemps 2023, plus de

14 June 2023

L’année 2022 a débuté sur fond d’optimisme prudent. Alors que l’Europe sortait de deux années de pandémie de COVID-19 et que, dans le cadre de NextGenerationEU, un plan pour la reprise visant à construire un avenir solide et durable était présenté, l’attaque menée par la Russie contre l’Ukraine au

04 May 2023

De tout temps, le débat politique entourant la convergence dans l’UE s’est intensifié au lendemain des crises. À la suite de la pandémie de COVID 19, le présent rapport vise à faire le point sur les tendances observées ces 20 dernières années en matière de convergence. Une enquête empirique sur la

22 March 2023

La pandémie de COVID-19 a eu des répercussions variables sur les groupes sociaux, en fonction des inégalités existantes, et selon toute vraisemblance, elle a entraîné une augmentation des inégalités dans différents domaines de la vie. Grâce aux indicateurs du cadre de l’UE pour le suivi des

24 January 2023

Online resources results (2)
photo_ivailo_kalfin.png

Twin transition and pandemic challenge Eurofound to increase expertise, strengthen partnerships, expand reach, says new Director

Eurofound welcomed Ivailo Kalfin to his new role as Executive Director on 1 June. After one month in the job, he reflects on the challenges facing the EU, how they will impact on the work of Eurofound and his priorities for shaping the Agency over the next five years.

Monitoring Convergence in the European Union. Joint Meeting of the Social Protection Committee Indicators Sub-Group and the EMCO Indicators Group, 13 March 2018, Brussels, Belgium. Presentation by Massimiliano Mascherini, Senior Research Manager, Eurofound.

13 mars 2018
Blogs results (7)

The state in which the EU finds itself has been described as a ‘permacrisis’, whereby the Union is confronted by challenge after challenge, and citizens are constantly having to adapt to a ‘new normal’.

11 décembre 2023

Child poverty and exclusion in the EU is on the rise. To address this worrying trend, EU policy needs to focus on access to services, which requires improving data collection, targeting inequalities and involving the workforce that delivers services in policymaking.

24 octobre 2023
Image of people waiting for tram in city street and man cycling on cycle path

The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the resulting sanctions have caused energy prices to soar. Governments seeking to alleviate the negative impacts of price increases on households have introduced energy subsidies and VAT reductions for electricity, gas and fuel. While such policies may be needed

10 juin 2022
ef22052.png

When it comes to Europe’s COVID-19 recovery and its aspiration to build back a more resilient society, the so-called green and digital transitions have dominated EU policy discussions. And as Eurofound made preparations for the 2022 Foundation Forum – a unique occasion for high-level debate on the

11 mars 2022
image_blog_youth_23102020.png

The exponential growth of COVID-19 cases across Europe this autumn has quickly erased hopes that the virus had been contained and confirmed the surge of another wave of the pandemic. With Member States now implementing new restrictive measures for the second time since March in an attempt to control

23 octobre 2020
ef19051.png

The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

image_blog_epsr_14112017.png

When EU Heads of State or Government gather in Gothenburg this week to debate fair jobs and growth, it will be the first such ‘social summit’ in 20 years. At the heart of the agenda of this high-level gathering will be the formal proclamation of the European Pillar of Social Rights – 20 principles

14 novembre 2017
Upcoming publications results (2)

The focus of this report is on the role that human capital plays in determining inequalities across the EU, as well as within Member States. Using Cedefop’s work in this area, the report provides a comparative analysis of national trends in education and lifelong learning, including differences betw

August 2024

The report maps trends in income inequality and examines the situation of the middle classes in the EU during 2020, the year most associated with the COVID-19 lockdowns. It charts developments in the size and composition of middle-class households across countries, identifies those that suffered dis

July 2024
Data results (2)

Disclaimer

When freely submitting your request, you are consenting Eurofound in handling your personal data to reply to you. Your request will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. More information, please read the Data Protection Notice.