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Darba apstākļi un ilgtspējīgs darbs

Darba apstākļi un ilgtspējīgs darbs ir viena no sešām galvenajām darbībām Eurofound darba programmā 2021.–2024. gadam. Eurofound turpinās darboties kā kompetences centrs, lai uzraudzītu un analizētu norises šajā jomā, tostarp to, kā Covid-19 krīze ir ietekmējusi darba apstākļus un darba kvalitāti, kā arī praksi darbavietā.

Eurofound periodā no 2021. gada līdz 2024. gadam sniegs svarīgu ieskatu par problēmām un prognozēm, kas saistītas ar darba apstākļiem un ilgtspējīgu darbu ES. Pamatojoties uz jau sen uzkrātām zināšanām šajā jomā, Eurofound aplūkos tendences un progresu laika gaitā un noteiks jaunas problēmas saistībā ar darba apstākļiem un darba kvalitāti. Analīze aptvers dažādas valstis, nozares, profesijas un darbinieku grupas tādos jautājumos kā darba organizācijaun tāldarbs, darba laiks, darba un privātās dzīves līdzsvars, vienlīdzīga attieksme, veselība un labklājība darbavietā, prasmes un apmācība, ienākumi un izredzes un apmierinātība ar darbu. Īpaša uzmanība tiks pievērsta nestandarta nodarbinātības veidiem , jo īpaši pašnodarbinātībai.

Ņemot vērā ES demogrāfiskās problēmas saistībā ar sabiedrības novecošanu un pieaugošo darba dzīves daudzveidību, Eurofound turpinās pētīt faktorus, kas ļauj lielākam skaitam darbinieku ilgāk palikt darba tirgū. Tā arī pievērsīs uzmanību darba kvalitātes uzlabošanai kā lielākas līdzdalības darba tirgū un lielākas darbinieku motivācijas veicinātājai, sekmējot ilgtspējīgu darbu visa mūža garumā.

Saiknes starp darbu un veselību tiek pētītas ciešā sadarbībā ar Eiropas Darba drošības un veselības aizsardzības aģentūru (EU-OSHA). Eurofound mērķis ir turpināt sadarbību ar Starptautisko Darba organizāciju (SDO) jautājumos par darba nākotni un darba apstākļiem pasaules līmenī.

“Kopumā tā ir laba ziņa, jo darba apstākļi Eiropas Savienībā uzlabojas, lai arī lēni, tomēr tas, ka tas ne vienmēr attiecas uz visām darbinieku grupām, rada bažas. Tas lielā mērā ir atkarīgs no tā, kurā nozarē jūs strādājat, un, godīgi sakot, arī no iegūtās izglītības, kā arī no tā, vai esat vīrietis vai sieviete.”

Barbara Gerstenberger, Darba dzīves nodaļas vadītāja

Topic

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Galvenie politikas vēstījumi

Infografika 2021

Galvenie secinājumi, kas izriet no Eurofound pētījuma, palīdz politikas veidotājiem risināt dažus no galvenajiem jautājumiem šajā jomā.

  • Darba apstākļu uzlabošana ir būtiska darbiniekiem un darba devējiem. Ir jāņem vērā daudzi dažādi darba kvalitātes aspekti. Kvalitatīvas darbvietas nodrošina cilvēkiem ilgāku un labāku darba mūžu, veicinot ilgtspējīgu darbu un labvēlīgu darba un privātās dzīves līdzsvaru.
  • Darba apstākļi ES kopumā uzlabojas, pat ja progresa temps ir pakāpenisks. Dažās darbinieku grupās progress nav bijis tik straujš: tas ir atkarīgs no darba līguma veida, nozares un iegūtās izglītības līmeņa.
  • Ir daudz veidu, kā uzlabot darba apstākļus un darba kvalitāti ES. Valdībām noteikti ir svarīga nozīme regulējuma izveidē. Tomēr svarīgi dalībnieki ir arī strādājošie, darba devēji un to organizācijas. Daudzās darba kvalitātes dimensijās pārmaiņas notiek darbavietā.
  • Tikai viena piektdaļa Eiropas uzņēmumu ir sapratuši, kā panākt optimālu labklājību darbavietā un uzņēmējdarbības rezultatīvos rādītājus. Ir pierādīts, ka “lielas investīcijas, augsts iesaistes līmenis” darbavietās sniedz labākos rezultātus darbiniekiem un darba devējiem, uzlabojot sniegumu un darba kvalitāti, palielinot darbinieku autonomiju, atvieglojot darbinieku iesaistīšanos un veicinot apmācību un mācīšanos.
  • Daudziem cilvēkiem, galvenokārt vecākiem un citiem aprūpētājiem, ir grūtības apvienot darba un ar darbu nesaistītus pienākumus. Lai gan elastīgs darba režīms var palīdzēt risināt šīs grūtības, tas rada arī problēmas. Piemēram, tāldarbs piedāvā lielāku brīvību izvēlēties, kad un kur strādāt, bet tas var arī novest pie garāka darba laika ar lielāku intensitāti un lielākām grūtībām atslēgties no darba.
  • Tāldarba pieaugums Covid-19 pandēmijas laikā ir parādījis to, kā izplūst darba un privātās dzīves robežas. Daudzas valdības un sociālie partneri apspriež “tiesības atslēgt” iniciatīvas, lai novērstu lielas darbinieku daļas pakļaušanu fiziskas un emocionālas izsīkšanas riskam.
  • Turpmāk sociālajiem partneriem ir jācenšas jebkurā tiesiskajā regulējumā vai nolīgumos iekļaut noteikumus darbiniekiem par tāldarba brīvprātīgumu vai īpašu uzdevumu piemērotību tāldarbam. Ļoti svarīga būs arī skaidrība par to, kā darba devēji var segt izdevumus saistībā ar darbu no mājām, kā arī garantēt vienlīdzīgu atalgojumu un piekļuvi apmācībai attālināti strādājošajiem.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects related to working conditions and sustainable work in the EU. Building on long-established expertise in this area, Eurofound will look at trends and progress over time and identify emerging concerns around working conditions and job quality. The analysis will cover different countries, sectors, occupations and groups of workers on issues such as work organisation and teleworkingworking timework–life balanceequal treatmentworkplace health and well-beingskills and trainingearnings and prospects, and job satisfaction. Non-standard forms of employment will be a specific focus, particularly self-employment.

In light of the EU’s demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life, Eurofound will continue to explore the factors enabling more workers to stay in employment longer. It will also put the spotlight on improving job quality as an enabler of greater labour market participation and increased employee motivation, contributing to sustainable work over the life course.

The links between work and health will be investigated in close consultation with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound aims to build on its collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on issues around the future of work and working conditions at global level.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to improve working conditions and job quality, while progressing towards sustainable work, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels in the areas of work and employment. It focuses on identifying pressing issues and specific groups at risk and analysing selected elements.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a robust social Europe. In particular, Eurofound’s research will support policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and activities linked to, among other initiatives, the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the reinforced Youth Guarantee, the Youth Employment Support package, the skills agenda, as well as innovation and job creation and the European Commission’s proposal for adequate minimum wages in the EU.

Eurofound research

Eurofound continues to monitor developments in working conditions, with a particular focus on improvements in the job quality of older workers, the challenges associated with specific types of self-employment and the longer-term structural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

In 2024, fieldwork commences for the newest edition of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which includes questions on working conditions and work–life outcomes relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The first results are planned for the end of 2024. 

Final analysis of data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS) feeds into three studies in 2024: an analysis of working conditions and work practices in the hybrid workplace; an investigation of changing working time patterns; and an examination of the job quality of older workers.

Research commences on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe, examining levels of digitalisation, digital skills, innovation and training strategies. This research assesses how workers in SMEs compare to the average in terms of working conditions, job quality, digital skills and take-up of training. 

Research in 2024 also aims to identify the most vulnerable group of workers by examining employment relationships that combine several unfavourable characteristics. The research investigates the job quality of workers in these employment relationships, their access to social protection and training, as well as ways to support the transition to more secure forms of employment. 
 

Key outputs

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Barbara Gerstenberger is Head of the Working Life unit at Eurofound. In this role, she coordinates the research teams investigating job quality in Europe based on the European...

​Head of Unit,
Working life research unit
Publications results (567)

Stingrie sabiedrības veselības ierobežojumi, ko valdības ieviesa 2020. gadā, lai kontrolētu Covid-19 pandēmiju, pēkšņi mainīja darba dzīvi un turpināja to ietekmēt turpmākajos divos gados. No 2021. gada marta līdz novembrim 36 valstīs ar Eiropas darba apstākļu telefona apsekojumu (EWCTS), kas

29 November 2022

Covid-19 pandēmija 2021. gadā jau otro gadu joprojām bija eiropiešu dzīves un darba noteicošais spēks, un Eurofound turpināja darbu, pētot un reģistrējot daudzās un dažādās ietekmes visās ES dalībvalstīs. Dzīve un darbs Eiropā 2021. gadā sniedz ieskatu par nodarbinātības, darba un dzīves apstākļu

09 May 2022

Šā ziņojuma mērķis ir atbalstīt Eiropas uzņēmumus Covid-19 pandēmijas radīto izaicinājumu pārvarēšanai. Galvenā uzmanība ir pievērsta darbavietu praksei un funkcijām, kas ir palīdzējušas iestādēm visā ES attīstīt darbības noturību, vienlaikus nodrošinot darbinieku un klientu drošību.Ziņojumā ir

09 December 2021

The economic and labour market contribution of international businesses is well recognised, but policymakers could do more to help such enterprises to develop their activities. This policy brief explores the workplace practices in export-oriented establishments that may contribute to their success

06 October 2021

Digitālās tehnoloģijas ir sniegušas iespēju daudziem darba ņēmējiem veikt darbu jebkurā laikā un vietā, bet tam ir gan priekšrocības, gan trūkumi. Eurofound dati liecina, ka tāldarba veicējiem ir divreiz lielāks risks pārsniegt 48 stundu darba laika ierobežojumu, nesaņemt pietiekamu atpūtu un

09 September 2021

Ar Eiropas zaļo kursu ES ievieš praksē vairākas rīcībpolitikas un pasākumus, kuru mērķis ir novērst un mazināt klimata pārmaiņu ietekmi. Galvenais mērķis ir sākt pāreju uz klimatneitrālu ekonomiku. Tomēr šiem ļoti vajadzīgajiem klimata rīcībpolitikas veidiem var būt nevēlama distributīva ietekme uz

06 July 2021

The EU has long supported innovation in business and in workplaces. The challenges facing Europe as it emerges from the COVID-19 crisis make the need for innovation more urgent. The NextGenerationEU recovery package requires a reorientation of business activities towards innovation for resilience

01 July 2021

The enormity of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives and work of Europeans is hard to capture, but Eurofound’s priority in 2020 was to record and assess the experience of this societal upheaval across the EU Member States in all its detail, variety and modulation. Living and working in

07 May 2021

Šajā pamatziņojumā ir apkopoti Eurofound 2017.–2020. gada plānošanas periodā veiktā pētījuma par darba apstākļiem galvenie konstatējumi. Tajā ir sniegts pārskats par progresu, kas kopš 2000. gada panākts darba apstākļu uzlabošanas jomā, un analizēts, vai pozitīvās pārmaiņas ir vienlīdz skārušas

26 February 2021

Although standard employment (generally full-time and permanent) remains the dominant employment type across the EU, European labour markets are increasingly characterised by a variety of different forms. These new forms of employment involve new formal employment relationships or work patterns

15 December 2020

Online resources results (1778)
In this episode of Eurofound Talks Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound Research Manager Tina Weber about new research on the right to disconnect, the evolution of the right to disconnect in Europe, the reasons why legislative and procedural actions are being called for, the impacts that effective
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Eurofound presentation to the European Parliament Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL), Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound, 24 January 2023.

23 Janvāris 2023

The rise in cost of living and energy poverty: Social impact and policy responses. 14 October 2022, Informal Meeting of Employment and Social Affairs Ministers (EPSCO). Presentation by Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound.

14 Oktobris 2022
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COVID-19 in the workplace: Employer’s responsibility to ensure a safe workplace

Throughout 2021, the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, specific occupational health and safety rules were reintroduced due to increases in infection rates. Mandatory face masks, physical distancing and hygiene measures were enforced, and the recommendation to telework was largely re-instated in

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Workers want to telework but long working hours, isolation and inadequate equipment must be tackled

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a surge in telework, with dramatic increases in the number of employees working from home (teleworking) in many European countries. What for many employees started out as a mandatory move seems to have transformed into a preference among the majority for part-time or

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Summer time arrangements in the EU: A tripartite outlook on ‘Cloxit’

On 31 March 2019, clocks across the EU will go forward one hour, a Union-wide event since 2002. However, the European Commission has proposed abolishing the bi-annual hour change, an idea favoured by the vast majority of respondents in a public consultation. This article discusses reactions by


Blogs results (61)

There is no one future of work for all jobs – policymakers will have their work cut out to ensure that remote and platform working, artificial intelligence and climate change policies will benefit and not disadvantage workers.

2 Maijs 2024

There’s a demographic shift sweeping Europe: people are living longer and working longer. Older workers, however, face significant labour market barriers.

25 Janvāris 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Novembris 2023

The jury is still out on the question whether men and women are from distinct planets. When it comes to the world of work, however, they are worlds apart.

25 Oktobris 2023
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Women and frontline workers are most exposed to the risks of adverse social behaviour at work, such as burnout, exhaustion, anxiety and depression. This is according to the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS). In this data story, we dive into EWCTS data (EU27) to examine the

A worker sitting on the floor

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and work. With the lifting of restrictions across the globe, we are now able to examine the many repercussions on the world of work. In particular, the unique demands of the last few years have shone a harsh spotlight on the pressures brought to bear

17 Janvāris 2023
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Telework has become a permanent feature of working life in Europe. While we’ve seen the benefits of more flexible ways of working – particularly during the pandemic – the problems that arise from an increasingly connected life are also becoming clearer. Unfortunately, legislation alone may not be

13 Jūlijs 2022
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The answer is yes – potentially. Assessing the environmental benefits of telework is a complex task, because any move to work from home involves a series of changes in individuals’ daily lives and activities, as well as company-level decisions, that may positively or negatively influence the level

23 Jūnijs 2022
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As we leave behind the lockdowns and business disruptions of COVID-19 and enter a ‘new normal’, it is time to talk about how workplaces might be transformed to drive innovation. Some may baulk at this suggestion, as we continue to grapple with the pandemic fallout, but crises have always been a

28 Jūnijs 2021
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COVID-19 has shown that some things can hit us out of the blue. The pandemic sent a shockwave through businesses all over the world and has brought massive changes to work organisation, internal communication and day-to-day operations for many companies. Doubtless, the depth of the pandemic’s impact

21 Jūnijs 2021

Upcoming publications results (4)

This policy brief investigates how organisations are adapting their work organisation and practices to hybrid work. Based on case studies and on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2024, the policy brief examines how hybrid work is being managed in organisations and profiles t

April 2025

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024

Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change is associated with higher

July 2024
Data results (1)

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