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Handlingsplanen for den europæiske søjle for sociale rettigheder har til formål at øge beskæftigelsesfrekvensen for befolkningen i alderen 20-64 år til mindst 78 % senest i 2030. Der er behov for inkluderende arbejdsmarkedspolitikker, der sigter mod at øge arbejdsmarkedsdeltagelsen for underrepræsenterede grupper såsom ældre, lavtuddannede eller personer med handicap for at sikre inklusiv vækst i beskæftigelsen. Samtidig spiller aktive arbejdsmarkedspolitikker, der har til formål at øge beskæftigelsesmulighederne for jobsøgende og forbedre matchningen mellem ledige stillinger og arbejdsløse, en central rolle i håndteringen af langtidsledighed og eksisterende misforhold mellem udbudte og efterspurgte kvalifikationer. Eksempler på aktive arbejdsmarkedsforanstaltninger omfatter uddannelse, jobmatchningstjenester, ansættelsesstøtte, direkte jobskabelse i forbindelse med offentlige arbejdsordninger eller særlige programmer, der har til formål at sikre overgang fra skole til arbejde. De offentlige arbejdsformidlinger spiller en central rolle med hensyn til at levere effektive aktive arbejdsmarkedsforanstaltninger og yde indkomststøtte i perioder med arbejdsløshed.
Find det nyeste indhold om dette emne nedenfor.
Det fælles møde for chefmedicin, chefsygepleje og cheftandlæge er en vigtig platform til at forbinde ledelsen af beslutningstagere inden for medicinske, sygepleje og tandpleje i EU. Dette arrangement omfatter en to-dages konference, et besøg på en relevant medicinsk facilitet og en række breakout-sessioner.
Eurofound overvåger strukturelle ændringer på arbejdsmarkedet via sin europæiske jobovervågning (EJM) og den europæiske overvågning af omstruktureringer (ERM), herunder oversigten over retlige instrumenter. Forskning undersøger arbejdsmarkedsdynamik, virksomhedspraksis, omstrukturering og inddragelse af arbejdsmarkedets parter i håndteringen af den politikdrevne grønne omstilling, de fremadskridende teknologiske forandringer og en global rekonfiguration af forsyningskæder. Den har til formål at tilvejebringe dokumentation, der kan danne grundlag for forståelsen af EU's konkurrenceevne og styrke den socioøkonomiske modstandsdygtighed.
Denne dokumentation for strukturelle ændringer på arbejdsmarkedet bidrager til at informere arbejdsmarkedspolitikker og industripolitiske initiativer og giver viden om potentiel opgradering eller polarisering af job, om hvordan opgavekravene i job ændrer sig, og om ændringer i beskæftigelsesstrukturen acceler eller aftager.
Undersøgelse af nye former for arbejde, herunder digitalt understøttede såsom platformsarbejde og IKT-baseret mobilt arbejde, bidrager til at vurdere deres udbredelse over tid, og hvordan de muligheder eller risici, de skaber, påvirker beskæftigelses- og arbejdsmarkedsudsigterne for de involverede personer. Eurofound fortsætter med at opdatere sit Platform Economy Repository med oplysninger om udviklingen og reguleringen af beskæftigelsen i denne type økonomisk aktivitet.
EU's PolicyWatch-database indeholder de foranstaltninger, som regeringer og arbejdsmarkedets parter i medlemsstaterne har indført for at afbøde virkningerne for virksomheder, arbejdstagere og borgere af de seneste kriser – covid-19, krigen i Ukraine og stigende inflation. Den indeholder også en liste over politikker til støtte for den digitale og grønne omstilling samt virksomheder, der skal omstrukturere.
Artikel 4 i den europæiske søjle for sociale rettigheder fokuserer på aktiv støtte til beskæftigelse. Dette støtter retten til rettidig og skræddersyet bistand til at forbedre beskæftigelses- eller selvstændighedsudsigterne, unges ret til videreuddannelse, lærlingeuddannelse, praktikophold eller et jobtilbud senest fire måneder efter, at de er blevet arbejdsløse eller har forladt uddannelsessystemet via ungdomsgarantien, samt arbejdsløses ret til personlig, kontinuerlig og konsekvent støtte. I 2021 udsendte Europa-Kommissionen en henstilling om effektiv støtte til beskæftigelse.
Europa-Kommissionen: Kommissionens henstilling om effektiv aktiv støtte til beskæftigelseopens in new tab (EASE)
I de senere år manglen på arbejdskraft i stigende grad været den vigtigste faktor, der påvirker arbejdsmarkederne i og uden for EU. I kølvandet på covid-19-pandemien er udbredelsen af mangel på arbejdskraft blevet et centralt problem for både regeringer og arbejdsmarkedets parter. De vigtigste årsager til manglen på arbejdskraft omfatter demografiske ændringer, jobkvalitet og den grønne og den digitale omstilling.
I marts 2024 fremlagde Europa-Kommissionen en handlingsplan for at tackle manglen på arbejdskraft og færdigheder, der fastsætter centrale foranstaltninger, som EU, medlemsstaterne og arbejdsmarkedets parter bør træffe for at nå sine 2030-mål for færdigheder og beskæftigelse.
Dette er et udvalg af de vigtigste resultater for dette emne.
10 September 2024
This report provides updated evidence on the persistence of labour shortages amid declining levels of labour market slack in the EU and at Member State level. This serves as a background to the main focus of the report, which is on organisational policies aimed at attracting workers to occupations in which shortages are common. Case studies were conducted across sectors and Member States to gain an insight into how organisations deal with recruitment and retention challenges in a tight labour market. The report offers lessons on steps employers can take to fill vacancies, whether acting alone or in partnership with other organisations. It builds on previous Eurofound research that developed a taxonomy of actions employers adopt aimed at addressing labour shortages.
21 May 2024
During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it had been in recent years, many obstacles remained on their route to independence, such as the rising cost of living and inability to move out of the parental home. This report explores young people’s wishes and plans for the future – and the well-being outcomes related to these plans – in the context of the current labour market and housing situation and progress on the implementation of the EU’s reinforced Youth Guarantee.
27 March 2023
As economies begin to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, labour shortages are becoming increasingly evident despite the impact of the war in Ukraine on energy and commodity prices. These include shortages exacerbated by the crisis in some sectors and professions where they had been endemic for some time. This report looks at measures implemented at national level to tackle labour shortages in the health, care, and information and communication technology sectors, as well as those arising from the twin green and digital transition. It assesses what measures are effective and explores the contextual factors supporting or hindering effective policy implementation and outcomes.
20 July 2021
While unemployment is still a huge challenge in Europe, some countries, sectors and occupations are experiencing labour shortages. This report explores various approaches to identifying labour shortages and maps national policy debates around the issue. It documents public and social partner interventions to tackle labour shortages, such as measures fostering geographical or occupational mobility, addressing skills shortages and underinvestment in skills, improving working and employment conditions, and providing better matching procedures.
18 April 2021
This report examines policy developments in EU Member States aimed at supporting the inclusion of people with disabilities in the open labour market, with a particular focus on the three stages of entering into employment, staying in the job and returning to work after an absence. It explores the mechanisms and effectiveness of more than 150 different policy measures designed to address the dimensions in place in the EU before the COVID-19 pandemic: job creation, labour supply, labour demand and contextual factors. In addition, it provides an updated analysis of early policy measures created in the wake of the pandemic that aimed to support the labour market situation of people with disabilities. A country case study on Ireland complements the study by outlining the complexity of disability and support systems from a broader perspective. The report builds on the lessons learned and provides policy pointers to improve the integration of people with disabilities into the open labour market.
24 June 2020
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of individuals and societies, including on the economy and labour markets, is unprecedented. The impact of the global health emergency has placed a growing number of businesses under threat, putting the jobs of more and more workers at risk and impacting the livelihoods of many citizens. Policymakers moved swiftly in an effort to mitigate the social and economic effects on businesses, workers and citizens. Eurofound’s COVID-19 EU PolicyWatch database provides information on initiatives introduced to cushion these effects. Drawing on the content of this database of around 500 policy initiatives (April 2020), this report aims to present an overview of both large-scale government measures and collective agreements that impact on large groups of workers, setting this in the context of the evolving labour market situation.
Data: COVID-19 EU PolicyWatch
Eurofounds forskere leverer ekspertindsigt og kan kontaktes med spørgsmål eller mediehenvendelser.
Dragoș Adăscăliței er forskningsmedarbejder i beskæftigelsesenheden hos Eurofound. Hans nuværende forskning fokuserer på emner relateret til fremtidens arbejde, herunder kunstig intelligens' indvirkning på job, konsekvenserne af automatisering for beskæftigelse og regulatoriske spørgsmål omkring platformarbejde. Han bidrager også regelmæssigt til komparative projekter, der overvåger strukturelle ændringer på de europæiske arbejdsmarkeder. Før han kom til Eurofound, var han lektor i ansættelsesforhold ved University of Sheffield, Management School. Han har en kandidatgrad i statskundskab fra Central European University og en ph.d. i sociologi fra Universitetet i Mannheim.
Tina Weber is a senior research manager in Eurofound’s Working Life unit. Her work has focused on labour shortages, the impact of hybrid work and an ‘always on’ culture and the right to disconnect, working conditions and social protection measures for self-employed workers and the impact of the twin transitions on employment, working conditions and industrial relations. She is responsible for studies assessing the representativeness of European social partner organisations. She has also carried out research on European Works Councils and the evolution of industrial relations and social dialogue in the European Union. Prior to joining Eurofound in 2019, she worked for a private research institute primarily carrying out impact assessments and evaluations of EU labour law and labour market policies. Tina holds a PhD in Political Sciences from the University of Edinburgh which focussed on the role of national trade unions and employers’ organisations in the European social dialogue.
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