Pasar al contenido principal
image_activity1_working_conditions_sustainable_work.png

Condiciones de trabajo y trabajo sostenible

Las condiciones de trabajo y el trabajo sostenible son una de las seis actividades principales del programa de trabajo de Eurofound para el período 2021-2024. Eurofound seguirá funcionando como centro de conocimientos especializados para el seguimiento y el análisis de los avances que se cosechen en este ámbito, incluida la manera en que la crisis de la COVID-19 ha repercutido en las condiciones laborales y la calidad del empleo, así como en las prácticas en el lugar de trabajo.

Durante el período 2021-2024, Eurofound proporcionará información importante sobre los retos y las perspectivas relacionados con las condiciones de trabajo y el trabajo sostenible en la UE. Basándose en la larga experiencia adquirida en este ámbito, Eurofound examinará las tendencias y los avances a lo largo del tiempo e identificará las preocupaciones emergentes en torno a las condiciones de trabajo y la calidad del empleo. El análisis abarcará diferentes países, sectores, ocupaciones y grupos de trabajadores sobre cuestiones como la organización del trabajo y el teletrabajo , el horario laboral , el equilibrio entre el trabajo y la vida personal , la igualdad de trato , la salud y el bienestar en el lugar de trabajo , las cualificaciones y la formación , los ingresos y las perspectivas y la satisfacción en el trabajo. Se prestará especial atención a las formas de empleo atípicas , en particular al trabajo por cuenta propia.

A la luz del reto demográfico que suponen para la UE el envejecimiento de la población y la creciente diversidad de la vida laboral, Eurofound continuará explorando los factores que permiten que un mayor número de trabajadores se mantenga laboralmente activo durante más tiempo. También se centrará en mejorar la calidad del empleo como factor propiciador de una mayor participación en el mercado laboral y en incrementar la motivación de los empleados, para así contribuir a un trabajo sostenible a lo largo de la vida.

Los vínculos entre trabajo y salud se investigarán en estrecha consulta con la Agencia Europea para la Seguridad y la Salud en el Trabajo (EU-OSHA). Eurofound pretende intensificar su colaboración con la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) en cuestiones relacionadas con el futuro del trabajo y las condiciones laborales a nivel mundial.

 

Es una buena noticia en general, porque las condiciones de trabajo en la Unión Europea están mejorando, aunque muy lentamente; lo que nos preocupa es que esta mejora no alcance a todos los grupos de trabajadores. Depende en gran medida del sector en el que se trabaje, depende del nivel de estudios y, francamente, también depende de si eres hombre o mujer».

— Barbara Gerstenberger, jefa de la Unidad de Vida Laboral

Topic

Recent updates

ef24039-card-cover.png

There is no one future of work for all jobs – policymakers will have their work cut out to ensure that remote and platform working, artificial intelligence and climate change...

Blog
ef24002-card-cover.png

The post-pandemic recovery of Europe continued in 2023, with strong job creation despite subdued economic growth, against a background of rising geopolitical tension. Eurofound’s research over the year brought to...

2 Mayo 2024
Publication
Annual report
eurofound-talks-20-rtd.png

In this episode of Eurofound Talks Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound Research Manager Tina Weber about new research on the right to disconnect, the evolution of the right to disconnect...

Podcast

Principales mensajes políticos

Infografía 2021

Las principales conclusiones de la investigación de Eurofound sirven de base para que los responsables políticos aborden algunas de las cuestiones clave en este ámbito.

  • La mejora de las condiciones de trabajo es crucial para los trabajadores y las empresas. Es preciso considerar muchos aspectos diferentes de la calidad del empleo. Los empleos de buena calidad permiten a las personas desarrollar vidas laborales más largas y mejores, contribuyendo al trabajo sostenible y a un equilibrio positivo entre la vida laboral y la personal.
  • En general, las condiciones de trabajo en la UE están mejorando, aunque el ritmo de los avances sea gradual. El progreso no ha sido tan rápido para algunos grupos de trabajadores: depende del tipo de contrato de trabajo, del sector y del nivel educativo alcanzado.
  • Hay muchas maneras de mejorar las condiciones de trabajo y la calidad del empleo en la UE. Sin duda, los gobiernos tienen un papel importante que desempeñar en el establecimiento del marco por medio de la regulación. Pero también los trabajadores, los empleadores y sus organizaciones son agentes importantes. Para muchas dimensiones de la calidad del empleo, el lugar de trabajo es donde se produce el cambio.
  • Solo una quinta parte de las empresas europeas han encontrado el secreto para lograr un nivel óptimo de bienestar y rendimiento empresarial en el lugar de trabajo. Se ha demostrado que los lugares de trabajo de «alta inversión y alta participación» ofrecen los mejores resultados a los trabajadores y a los empleadores, impulsando el rendimiento y mejorando la calidad del empleo mediante el aumento de la autonomía de los empleados, la potenciación de la participación de los trabajadores y la promoción de la formación y el aprendizaje.
  • Muchas personas tienen dificultades para conciliar los compromisos laborales y no laborales, en particular los padres y otros cuidadores. Si bien las modalidades de trabajo flexibles pueden ayudar a abordar estos problemas, también plantean retos. El teletrabajo, por ejemplo, ofrece más libertad para elegir cuándo y dónde trabajar, pero también puede traducirse en jornadas laborales más largas e intensas y en una mayor dificultad para desconectar del trabajo.
  • El aumento del teletrabajo durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha puesto de manifiesto la difuminación de la línea entre trabajo y vida personal. Muchos gobiernos e interlocutores sociales están debatiendo iniciativas sobre el «derecho a desconectar» para evitar que amplios segmentos de trabajadores corran el riesgo de sufrir agotamiento físico y emocional.
  • En el futuro, los interlocutores sociales deberían tratar de incluir disposiciones para los trabajadores sobre el carácter voluntario del teletrabajo o la idoneidad de tareas específicas para el teletrabajo en cualquier marco jurídico o acuerdo. También será esencial aclarar cómo pueden contribuir los empleadores a los gastos asociados al trabajo desde casa, así como las garantías de igualdad salarial y acceso a la formación de quienes teletrabajan.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects related to working conditions and sustainable work in the EU. Building on long-established expertise in this area, Eurofound will look at trends and progress over time and identify emerging concerns around working conditions and job quality. The analysis will cover different countries, sectors, occupations and groups of workers on issues such as work organisation and teleworkingworking timework–life balanceequal treatmentworkplace health and well-beingskills and trainingearnings and prospects, and job satisfaction. Non-standard forms of employment will be a specific focus, particularly self-employment.

In light of the EU’s demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life, Eurofound will continue to explore the factors enabling more workers to stay in employment longer. It will also put the spotlight on improving job quality as an enabler of greater labour market participation and increased employee motivation, contributing to sustainable work over the life course.

The links between work and health will be investigated in close consultation with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound aims to build on its collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on issues around the future of work and working conditions at global level.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to improve working conditions and job quality, while progressing towards sustainable work, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels in the areas of work and employment. It focuses on identifying pressing issues and specific groups at risk and analysing selected elements.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a robust social Europe. In particular, Eurofound’s research will support policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and activities linked to, among other initiatives, the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the reinforced Youth Guarantee, the Youth Employment Support package, the skills agenda, as well as innovation and job creation and the European Commission’s proposal for adequate minimum wages in the EU.

Eurofound research

Eurofound continues to monitor developments in working conditions, with a particular focus on improvements in the job quality of older workers, the challenges associated with specific types of self-employment and the longer-term structural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

In 2024, fieldwork commences for the newest edition of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which includes questions on working conditions and work–life outcomes relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The first results are planned for the end of 2024. 

Final analysis of data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS) feeds into three studies in 2024: an analysis of working conditions and work practices in the hybrid workplace; an investigation of changing working time patterns; and an examination of the job quality of older workers.

Research commences on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe, examining levels of digitalisation, digital skills, innovation and training strategies. This research assesses how workers in SMEs compare to the average in terms of working conditions, job quality, digital skills and take-up of training. 

Research in 2024 also aims to identify the most vulnerable group of workers by examining employment relationships that combine several unfavourable characteristics. The research investigates the job quality of workers in these employment relationships, their access to social protection and training, as well as ways to support the transition to more secure forms of employment. 
 

Key outputs

image_event_ep_24012023.png

Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Enero 2024
Publication
Work programme
ef23016_card_cover.png

El año 2022 se inició con un optimismo prudente. Europa estaba saliendo de dos años de la pandemia de COVID-19, y NextGenerationEU estableció un plan para una recuperación que construya...

4 Mayo 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

barbara-gerstenberger-2023.png

Barbara Gerstenberger is Head of the Working Life unit at Eurofound. In this role, she coordinates the research teams investigating job quality in Europe based on the European...

​Head of Unit,
Working life research unit
Publications results (567)

Living and working in Europe, Eurofound’s 2019 yearbook, provides a snapshot of the latest developments in the work and lives of Europeans as explored in the Agency’s research activities over the course of 2019. The range of topics as a result is broad, from the growing diversity of employment

08 June 2020

This report, as part of an annual series on minimum wages, summarises the key developments during 2019 and early 2020 around the EU initiative on fair wages and puts the national debates on setting the rates for 2020 and beyond in this context. The report features how minimum wages were set and the

04 June 2020

En el espacio de pocas semanas, la pandemia de COVID-19 provocada por el nuevo coronavirus ha transformado radicalmente la vida de las personas en todo el mundo. Al margen de las consecuencias devastadoras para la salud de las personas directamente afectadas por el virus, la pandemia de COVID-19 ha

06 May 2020

Gender inequality at work persists across Europe, despite the long standing attention paid and efforts made to tackle it. This Eurofound report presents a closer look at women’s and men’s working conditions, using data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and complementing

03 March 2020

The debate about the posting of workers in the EU, its economic and social consequences, and ways to manage it is hampered by the fact that reliable, comparable data on the phenomenon are lacking. Accurate statistics on the number of posted workers, their characteristics and working conditions are s

20 January 2020

Advances in ICT have opened the door to new ways of organising work. We are shifting from a regular, bureaucratic and ‘factory-based’ working time pattern towards a more flexible model of work. Telework and ICT-based mobile work (TICTM) has emerged in this transition, giving workers and employers

16 January 2020

Casual work, both intermittent and on-call, contributes to labour market flexibility and is therefore increasingly used across Europe. In some countries, practices go beyond the use of casual employment contracts to include other types of contracts and forms of self-employment.

20 December 2019

Social convergence has gained an equal footing alongside economic convergence as an EU goal in the wake of the economic crisis. This report presents the results of a study into convergence in working conditions, a major component of social policymaking. It examines whether working conditions have

12 December 2019

Employment statistics consistently show that having a foreign background has an influence on people’s employment prospects. Less is known about the types of jobs workers with foreign backgrounds hold and their working conditions. This policy brief contributes to filling this gap.

27 November 2019

El número de trabajadores que viven con enfermedades crónicas en la UE está aumentando. Estas dolencias afectan, en distintos grados, a la capacidad de las personas para trabajar. Mientras que algunas no pueden seguir trabajando, muchas de ellas desean seguir y podrían hacerlo si el lugar de trabajo

15 October 2019

Online resources results (1778)

In this episode of Eurofound Talks Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound Research Manager Tina Weber about new research on the right to disconnect, the evolution of the right to disconnect in Europe, the reasons why legislative and procedural actions are being called for, the impacts that effective

15 Abril 2024

Flexible work increases post-pandemic, but not for everyone

Even before the outbreak of COVID-19, various forms of flexible work, such as teleworking and flexitime, were in place across EU Member States. However, the pandemic led to a surge in flexible working practices with many workers wanting to focus on their work–life balance and have more time for

Eurofound presentation to the European Parliament Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL), Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound, 24 January 2023.

23 Enero 2023

The rise in cost of living and energy poverty: Social impact and policy responses. 14 October 2022, Informal Meeting of Employment and Social Affairs Ministers (EPSCO). Presentation by Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound.

14 Octubre 2022
ef22035.png

COVID-19 in the workplace: Employer’s responsibility to ensure a safe workplace

Throughout 2021, the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, specific occupational health and safety rules were reintroduced due to increases in infection rates. Mandatory face masks, physical distancing and hygiene measures were enforced, and the recommendation to telework was largely re-instated in

Female teleworker taking notes during video conference on her laptop

Workers want to telework but long working hours, isolation and inadequate equipment must be tackled

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a surge in telework, with dramatic increases in the number of employees working from home (teleworking) in many European countries. What for many employees started out as a mandatory move seems to have transformed into a preference among the majority for part-time or

image_article_cloxit_12122018.jpg

Summer time arrangements in the EU: A tripartite outlook on ‘Cloxit’

On 31 March 2019, clocks across the EU will go forward one hour, a Union-wide event since 2002. However, the European Commission has proposed abolishing the bi-annual hour change, an idea favoured by the vast majority of respondents in a public consultation. This article discusses reactions by


Blogs results (61)
ef21081.png

With its proposed directive on gender pay transparency, the European Commission has significantly bolstered the set of tools for delivering its objectives compared to those presented in its 2014 Recommendation. The proposed portfolio of measures addresses many shortcomings of the instruments that

18 Junio 2021
ef21076.png

The massive and rapid adoption of telework in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 lockdowns exposed gaps in the legislation governing telework arrangements across the EU Member States. In some cases, there was no regulation in place; in others, it was too restrictive. Governments scrambled to put

31 Mayo 2021
ef20086.png

Standard employment is not simply being replaced by non-standard work; employment is becoming more diverse, and policy must accordingly become more tailored. The last decade has seen much public and policy debate on the future of work. Standard employment – permanent, full-time and subject to labour

15 Diciembre 2020
ef20084.png

​​​​​​​With remote working becoming the new normal for many workers, it is surely the case that many employers are anxious to ensure that their employees are putting in full working days. Companies are likely to be investing in and deploying digital technologies for tracking employee performance

9 Diciembre 2020
ef20082.png

Whatever the benefits of telework – and there are many, including more flexible working time, increased productivity and less commuting – there are drawbacks, as many of the one-third of Europeans who were exclusively working from home during the pandemic will attest. Primary among these is the ‘alw

3 Diciembre 2020
ef20074.png

As Europe faces into what appears to be a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, concern is mounting about the evolution and dramatic impact of the disease, with rising numbers of infections, hospitalisations and deaths. There is also a growing focus on the repercussions for the economy, the labour

7 Octubre 2020
image_blog_minimum_wages_10032020.png

The coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is having drastic consequences for the world of work. In most European countries workers who are not delivering essential ‘frontline’ services are being asked to stay home. Unfortunately many are out of work, while many of those who are not are minimum-wage and low

1 Abril 2020
image_blog_covid_31032020.png

Health professionals – doctors, nurses, nursing assistants, paramedics, ambulance workers – are in the vanguard of the battle against COVID-19. They are the ones dealing with sick people, triaging, testing and treating them. They are the ones confronting suffering and death. While some of their

31 Marzo 2020
blog_pandora-box-platform-economy.jpg

We hear more and more about the platform economy, with the debate often revolving around the potential long-term implications of its growth on the labour market and the impact on traditional and established businesses and industries.

28 Enero 2020

Upcoming publications results (4)

This policy brief investigates how organisations are adapting their work organisation and practices to hybrid work. Based on case studies and on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2024, the policy brief examines how hybrid work is being managed in organisations and profiles t

April 2025

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024

Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change is associated with higher

July 2024
Data results (1)

Disclaimer

When freely submitting your request, you are consenting Eurofound in handling your personal data to reply to you. Your request will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. More information, please read the Data Protection Notice.