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Päivitetty viimeksi: 22 July 2026

Restructuring

Restructuring is a term used to describe a wide range of activities which lead to the reorganisation of an enterprise. Restructuring can have serious consequences for the workforce as far as levels of employment and terms and conditions of employment offered to workers are concerned.

Löydä uusin sisältö aiheesta alla olevasta osiosta.

22 July 2026
Euroopan autoteollisuuden epätasainen uudelleenmuodostuminen
Vaikka suurten valmistajien laajamittaiset irtisanomiset hallitsevat otsikoita, tämän uudelleenjärjestelyn todellinen vaikutus tuntuu voimakkaimmin laajemmassa toimitusketjussa. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan työpaikkojen menetyksen epätasaista jakautumista, tuotannon kasvavaa maantieteellistä muutosta sekä työllisyysodotusten jatkuvaa haurautta koko alalla.
Sara Imperioso+1
Artikkeli
17 November 2025
Restructuring legislation: 2023–2025 developments
Eurofound’s ERM restructuring legislation database offers an overview of key restructuring-related regulations in the EU Member States and Norway. Its content is continuously updated to reflect any changes made by national legislators in response to, for instance, policy shifts, legal precedents, economic fluctuations or social needs. Recent updates to the database reveal several changes in national legislation that could have significant impacts on workers.
Elin Brattlund
Artikkeli
15 October 2025
Battery manufacturing in the EU: From hope to crisis to hope again?
Can Europe still achieve its ambitions for battery manufacturing? To answer this, the article looks at data from Eurofound’s European Restructuring Monitor and explores what recent large-scale restructuring events reveal about the state of play in the EU battery sector.
Elin Brattlund+2
Artikkeli

Eurofound monitoring tools

Eurofound’s European Jobs Monitor (EJM) monitors structural change in European labour markets, analysing shifts in the employment structure in terms of occupation and sector at Member State level.

Since 2002, the European Restructuring Monitor (ERM) has been monitoring the employment impact of large-scale restructuring events in Europe. The restructuring events databaseopens in new tab is updated in real time and each entry includes company name, size, location and sector of activity of the affected unit, the number of announced jobs created or lost and their envisaged timeline, as well as the type of restructuring. The database covers the following types of restructuring: company reorganisation, business expansions, outsourcing, business closure, bankruptcy, mergers and acquisitions, relocation, offshoring and reshoring.

As national legislation can differ, even when based on EU Directives, Eurofound introduced an ERM database on restructuring-related legislationopens in new tab in 2013. The database provides comparative information on over 300 regulations in EU Member States and Norway which are explicitly or implicitly linked to anticipating and managing change. The information in the database is collected and compiled in a systematic and standardised manner, in order to facilitate easy cross-national comparisons of different restructuring regulations.

The ERM restructuring support instruments databaseopens in new tab provides information on more than 300 measures implemented in the Member States of the EU and Norway. National governments, employers’ organisations and trade unions are among the key bodies providing support measures for companies that are restructuring, as well as for the employees affected. This database can be used to search for EU, domestic, regional and local-level support measures.

The employment impact of restructuring has been featuring in the policy agenda. For example, the EU has introduced several measures to enhance employee information and consultation processes at the enterprise level, which can help mitigate the employment impact of restructuring. Notable initiatives include the Collective Redundancies Directive, the Preventive Restructuring Directive, the Information and Consultation Directive, and the European Works Council Directive. The EU Quality Framework for Anticipation of Change and Restructuring calls on companies and workers to prepare and manage restructuring in a socially responsible manner. Additionally, on 12 March 2025, the European Parliament adopted a resolution on the social and employment aspects of restructuring processes: the need to protect jobs and workers' rights. The resolution includes a call for the protection of jobs and workers' rights and stresses the importance of early anticipation of restructuring and of meaningful social dialogue.

The European Union has also set up a fund specifically for restructuring issues. The European Globalisation Adjustment Fund (EGF) is a specific solidarity fund to support workers who lost their jobs because of globalisation. The instrument was renewed and expanded from 2021 to 2027 to also cover structural changes related to globalisation, financial or economic crises, the transition to a low-carbon economy, digitisation or automation. As an emergency fund, the EGF operates reactively to assist displaced workers affected by major restructuring events.

The legal landscape of restructuring is further complemented by various other EU initiatives, notably the European Pillar of Social Rights. The pillar is structured around three categories: equal opportunities and access to the labour market; fair working conditions; and social protection and inclusion. In the area of social dialogue and involvement of workers, the Pillar highlights that workers or their representatives have the right to be informed and consulted in good time on matters relevant to them, in particular on the transfer, restructuring and merger of undertakings and on collective redundancies. In this context, the Directive on Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions is a key piece of legislation, implementing some of the principles set out in the Pillar.

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Chiara Litardi

Research officer
Employment research

Chiara Litardi on Eurofoundin työllisyysyksikön tutkija. Hän työskentelee rakennemuutoksiin, työllisyyteen ja ylöspäin tapahtuvaan lähentymiseen liittyvien aiheiden parissa. Hän toimi aiemmin tutkimuksen tukihenkilönä, joka vastasi Euroopan rakenneuudistusvälineen tietokantojen hallinnasta, laadunvalvonnasta ja analysoinnista. Ennen siirtymistään Eurofoundiin vuonna 2021 hän työskenteli analyytikkona Euroopan keskuspankissa ja teki euroalueen laajuisia tutkimuksia sekä maksukäyttäytymistä ja taloudellista osallisuutta koskevaa tutkimusta. Hänellä on maisterin tutkinto taloustieteestä ja rahoituksesta LUISS-yliopistosta Roomasta ja kaksoistutkinto taloustieteen ja johtamisen kvantitatiivisista tekniikoista (QTEM).

Katso profiili

Sara Riso

Senior research manager
Working life research

Sara Riso liittyi Eurofoundiin vuonna 2006 ja toimii tällä hetkellä vanhempana tutkimuspäällikkönä Working Life -yksikössä. Hän osallistuu tutkimusprojekteihin, jotka keskittyvät digitalisaatioon ja työoloihin. Ennen Eurofoundiin liittymistään Sara johti tutkimusprojekteja suurille Brysselissä toimiville eurooppalaisille yhdistyksille ja verkostoille. Hänen akateeminen taustansa on psykologiassa, viestinnässä ja kielissä. Hänen pääasiallinen tutkimusintressinsä on tutkia uusia työpaikan stressitekijöitä, joita syntyy työn digitalisaation lisääntymisestä, organisaatiokäytäntöjen kehittymisestä sekä muutosten hallintastrategioista digitalisaation haasteiden ratkaisemiseksi nykyaikaisissa työympäristöissä.

Katso profiili

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