Socijalna zaštita
Sustavi socijalne zaštite postoje kako bi se ljudi zaštitili od rizika od gubitka prihoda povezanih s nezaposlenošću, lošim zdravljem i invalidnošću, roditeljskim odgovornostima, troškovima djece i stanovanja, starošću ili gubitkom bračnog druga ili roditelja. Organizacija i financiranje sustava socijalne zaštite u nadležnosti država članica EU-a. Međutim, EU ima posebnu ulogu u osiguravanju, zakonodavstvom EU-a kojim se koordiniraju nacionalni sustavi socijalne sigurnosti, da osobe koje se kreću preko granica i stoga su u nadležnosti različitih sustava socijalne zaštite budu primjereno zaštićene. Takvo se zakonodavstvo uglavnom odnosi na zakonske sustave socijalne sigurnosti.
Najnoviji sadržaj o ovoj temi pronađite u nastavku.
Foundation Forum 2025: Key takeaways
This paper provides the top 20 takeaways from the Foundation Forum 2025 which took place at IMMA Venues Dublin on 19–20 November 2025.Europe’s social model – The key to competitive growth – Background paper
This background paper outlines the context for the issues to be examined at Eurofound’s Foundation Forum 2025. As the global order proves to be increasingly volatile, the European Union itself is undergoing a profound transformation in terms of its socioeconomic and geopolitical landscape. Enhancing competitiveness and ensuring sustainable economic growth are now at the top of the EU agenda.Digitalizacija socijalne zaštite
Ovo izvješće usredotočeno je na digitalizaciju procesa front-office i back-officea u monetarnim socijalnim beneficijama. U 10 država članica EU-a i Norveškoj digitalna je prijava moguća za sve, ili sve osim jedne, od devet istraženih beneficija. U najmanje pet država članica, papirnate prijave su ukinute za neke od beneficija.Eurofoundove studije razmatrale su pristup uslugama i pogodnostima kao sredstvo za zadovoljavanje posebnih potreba i kao dio integriranih napora za promicanje uključenosti. Kvalitetne javne usluge ključno su sredstvo za postizanje visoke razine socijalne zaštite i socijalne uključenosti. Eurofoundovim istraživanjem ispituje se pristup raznim socijalnim uslugama i njihova kvaliteta, a istražuje se i utjecaj bolesti COVID-19 na upotrebu i pružanje takvih usluga. Fokus je na onim uslugama i pogodnostima koje odgovaraju potrebama ranjivih skupina kao što su starije osobe, migranti, mladi ili osobe s invaliditetom.
Istraživanja su usmjerena i na strukturne promjene, uglavnom potaknute digitalizacijom, klimatskim promjenama i bolešću COVID-19 (vidjeti infografiku u nastavku), te na tome kako osigurati pravednu tranziciju kojom se promiču socijalna zaštita i prava radnika.
U članku 2. Ugovora o EU-u promicanje visoke razine socijalne zaštite utvrđeno je kao ključna zadaća. Sustav socijalne zaštite uključuje naknade u novcu i naravi. U europskom stupu socijalnih prava ističe se pristup skrbi o djeci, zdravstvenoj skrbi, dugotrajnoj skrbi i stanovanju uz naknade za nezaposlene, minimalni dohodak i resurse za starije osobe kojima se osigurava dostojanstven život.
Europskim stupom socijalnih prava utvrđuje se 20 ključnih načela i prava koji su ključni za pravedna i funkcionalna tržišta rada i sustave socijalne zaštite. Načela su strukturirana oko tri kategorije, od kojih je jedna socijalna zaštita i uključenost. Europska komisija predstavila je 4. ožujka 2021. svoj akcijski plan za potpunu provedbu stupa, pretvarajući načela u konkretne mjere u korist građana EU-a, istodobno podupirući oporavak od posljedica bolesti COVID-19. Kako bi se smanjile nejednakosti, predložila je novi cilj EU-a da do 2030. smanji broj osoba izloženih riziku od siromaštva ili socijalne isključenosti za najmanje 15 milijuna, uključujući najmanje 5 milijuna djece.
Europska komisija: Akcijski plan za provedbu europskog stupa socijalnih pravaopens in new tab
Komisija je 24. ožujka 2021. predložila strategiju EU-a o pravima djeteta i Preporuku Vijeća o uspostavi europskog jamstva za djecu kako bi se osiguralo da djeca izložena riziku od siromaštva i socijalne isključenosti imaju djelotvoran pristup ključnim uslugama kao što su zdravstvena skrb i obrazovanje. Vijeće za zapošljavanje, socijalnu politiku, zdravstvo i pitanja potrošača (EPSCO) donijelo je 14. lipnja 2021. europsko jamstvo za djecu.
Europska komisija: Strategija EU-a o pravima djeteta i europsko jamstvo za djecuopens in new tab
Europska komisija: Vijeće donijelo europsko jamstvo za djecuopens in new tab
Komisija se koristi postupkom europskog semestra za praćenje sustava socijalne zaštite država članica i prema potrebi nudi preporuke za pojedine zemlje o upotrebi njihovih socijalnih proračuna kako bi se osigurala odgovarajuća i održiva socijalna zaštita.
Europska komisija: Europski semestaropens in new tab
Još jedan ključni prioritet Europske komisije jest stvaranje Europe spremne za digitalno doba. To uključuje ulaganje u digitalne javne usluge i pružanje odgovarajuće socijalne zaštite radnicima koji rade putem platformi.
Europska komisija: Digitalno desetljeće Europe: digitalni ciljevi za 2030opens in new tab
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8 October 2024
Social protection 2.0: Unemployment and minimum income benefits
This report focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits for people of working age. Individuals with short or no employment records (mainly young people), the self-employed, those with non-standard working arrangements, and the long-term unemployed are often not entitled to higher-tier, or any, unemployment benefits. No Member State was identified where more than 80% of those entitled to minimum income benefits receive them. Benefit recipients at higher risk of having an inadequate income include those without access to social housing in areas with high housing costs, unemployed individuals whose most recent job was low paid and the long-term unemployed people. The report also investigates the rejection of applications (frequently, around 30% are rejected), the digitalisation of application processes (most common for unemployment benefits) and economic activation requirements (typically, 1–6% of benefit recipients annually are sanctioned for not complying with activity requirements) and service entitlements.
30 May 2023
Unaffordable and inadequate housing in Europe
Unaffordable housing is a matter of great concern in the EU. It leads to homelessness, housing insecurity, financial strain and inadequate housing. It also prevents young people from leaving their family home. These problems affect people’s health and well-being, embody unequal living conditions and opportunities, and result in healthcare costs, reduced productivity and environmental damage. Private tenants have faced particularly large housing cost increases, and owners with mortgages are vulnerable to interest rate increases. In addition, many owners without mortgages, especially in post-communist and southern European countries, experience poverty and housing inadequacy. The cost-of-living crisis affects people in all tenancies. Social housing and rent subsidies support many, but capacity differs across and within countries, and these measures exclude certain groups in vulnerable situations and fail to reach everyone who is entitled to them. Three quarters of Member States have Housing First initiatives – providing housing for homeless people – but these mostly operate on a small scale. This report maps housing problems in the EU and the policies that address them, drawing on Eurofound’s Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents.
5 July 2022
Policies to support refugees from Ukraine
11 March 2021
COVID-19: Implications for employment and working life
Disclaimer - Please note that this report was updated with revised data (specifically for Bulgaria) on 23 March 2021.
This report sets out to assess the initial impact of the COVID-19 crisis on employment in Europe (up to Q2 2020), including its effects across sectors and on different categories of workers. It also looks at measures implemented by policymakers in a bid to limit the negative effects of the crisis. It first provides an overview of policy approaches adopted to mitigate the impact of the crisis on businesses, workers and citizens. The main focus is on the development, content and impact of short-time working schemes, income support measures for self-employed people, hardship funds and rent and mortgage deferrals. Finally, it explores the involvement of social partners in the development and implementation of such measures and the role of European funding in supporting these schemes.
8 December 2020
Upward convergence in material well-being: Is a COVID-19 setback inevitable?
The EU strives for the upward convergence of its Member States, where their performance improves and gaps between them decrease. Nearly a decade after the Great Recession, the COVID-19 crisis has again put this objective under pressure. This policy brief focuses on convergence in material well-being in Europe. Trends in several indicators largely follow the economic cycle, with upward convergence in good times and downward divergence in bad times. This could mean further divergence and polarisation among Member States as we face a new economic downturn, with the prospect of an uneven pace of recovery across countries when growth returns.
The policy brief presents an overview of policy measures implemented by the EU and Member States to smooth the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. It discusses EU coordination of minimum income schemes as a possible tool to limit deterioration and divergence in the indicators should the economy enter a downturn.
8 October 2020
Access to care services: Early childhood education and care, healthcare and long-term care
The right of access to good-quality care services is highlighted in the European Pillar of Social Rights. This report focuses on three care services: early childhood education and care (ECEC), healthcare, and long-term care. Access to these services has been shown to contribute to reducing inequalities throughout the life cycle and achieving equality for women and persons with disabilities. Drawing on input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents and Eurofound’s own research, the report presents an overview of the current situation in various EU Member States, Norway and the UK, outlining barriers to the take-up of care services and differences in access issues between population groups. It pays particular attention to three areas that have the potential to improve access to services: ECEC for children with disabilities and special educational needs, e-healthcare and respite care.
20 December 2019
Casual work: Characteristics and implications
Casual work, both intermittent and on-call, contributes to labour market flexibility and is therefore increasingly used across Europe. In some countries, practices go beyond the use of casual employment contracts to include other types of contracts and forms of self-employment. While it offers some advantages for both employers and workers, it is often discussed by policymakers at EU and national levels due to the observed negative consequences it has for some workers. Impacts include economic insecurity and unpredictability of working time, which in turn affect workers’ health, well-being and social security. From a labour market perspective, casual work raises concerns about decent social inclusion of vulnerable groups, labour market segmentation and more general trends towards fragmentation of work and brain drain. Some policy responses have already been implemented to tackle these issues; further policy pointers are flagged in the report.
Istraživači Eurofounda pružaju stručne uvide i mogu ih se kontaktirati za pitanja ili upite medija.
Marie Hyland
Research officerMarie Hyland pridružila se Eurofoundu kao istraživačka službenica u odjelu za socijalne politike 2023. Prije toga, Marie je provela nekoliko godina kao ekonomistica u Svjetskoj banci, gdje je radila na nizu pitanja, uključujući rod, klimatske promjene i razvoj privatnog sektora. Marieino istraživanje proučavalo je utjecaj pravne diskriminacije na ekonomsko osnaživanje žena, razmatralo ulogu veličine poduzeća i upravljačkih praksi na produktivnost i gospodarski razvoj te analiziralo ekonomiju politika ublažavanja klimatskih promjena. Marie je doktorirala ekonomiju na Trinity Collegeu u Dublinu.
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