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Developments in working life, industrial relations and working conditions in the EU

This publication series gathers all overview reports on developments in working life, annual reviews in industrial relations and working conditions produced by Eurofound on the basis of national contributions from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents (NEC). Since 1997, these reports have provided overviews of the latest developments in industrial relations and working conditions across the EU and Norway. The series may include recent ad hoc articles written by members of the NEC.

Highlights

25 November 2025

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Developments in working life in 2024

This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2024, based on national research and survey results. The topics covered include the political context in 2024; updates on the social partners and social dialogue institutions; developments in collective bargaining; governmental responses to inflation; industrial action; and developments in working time.

26 July 2024

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Developments in working life 2023

This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2023, based on national research and survey results. The topics covered include the political context in 2023; updates on the social partners and social dialogue institutions; developments in collective bargaining; governmental responses to inflation; industrial action; and developments in working time. The reports also include updates on policy developments regarding issues such as employment contracts, reducing the gender pay gap, health and safety, and work–life balance.

Please note that there is no consolidated report on developments in working life in the EU in 2023.

5 May 2023

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Developments in working life 2022

This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2022, based on national research and survey results. The topics covered include the policy responses of governments to inflation and how inflation has featured in collective bargaining; the role of the social partners in addressing labour shortages; and the working life of Ukrainian refugees. The reports also include updates on policy developments regarding issues such as the gender pay gap, health and safety, and work–life balance.

Please note that there is no consolidated report on Developments in working life in the EU in 2022.

19 May 2022

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Vita lavorativa durante la pandemia di COVID-19 2021

Questa pubblicazione consiste in rapporti individuali per paese sulla vita lavorativa nel 2021 per 28 paesi – i 27 Stati membri dell'UE e la Norvegia. I rapporti nazionali riassumono le evidenze sull'impatto della pandemia di COVID-19 sulla vita lavorativa basate su ricerche nazionali e risultati di sondaggi del 2021. Essi delineano le risposte politiche dei governi e dei partner sociali nei loro sforzi per attenuare gli effetti socioeconomici e includono un focus sulle aree politiche relative all'adattamento alla pandemia e al ritorno al lavoro. Ciò include in particolare un'attenzione a nuovi accordi di salute e sicurezza sul lavoro, nuovi accordi lavorativi, politiche per affrontare la carenza di manodopera e salari e la definizione dei salari. I rapporti esplorano anche l'impatto della pandemia sul dialogo sociale, sulla contrattazione collettiva e sull'azione industriale.

Si prega di notare che non esiste un rapporto consolidato sulla vita lavorativa nell'UE nel 2021.

All content

This list provides access to all Eurofound outputs published on this subject.

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European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
The tripartite EU agency providing knowledge to assist in the development of better social, employment and work-related policies