Envelhecimento da mão de obra
O envelhecimento da população europeia levanta muitos desafios aos decisores políticos em relação ao emprego, às condições de trabalho, ao nível de vida e ao bem-estar. Isso gerou preocupações sobre a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de pensões e a oferta de mão de obra. A promoção de oportunidades de emprego para uma mão de obra envelhecida exige uma nova forma de pensar a nível das empresas, nacional e da UE.
Encontre abaixo os conteúdos mais recentes sobre este tema.
A Europa deve adaptar-se ao envelhecimento da sua mão-de-obra
À medida que as taxas de natalidade do continente diminuem e sua população envelhece, os formuladores de políticas enfrentam a tarefa urgente de reter trabalhadores experientes e adaptar os locais de trabalho para atender às necessidades de um grupo demográfico mais velho.Como pode a Europa adaptar-se ao envelhecimento da mão de obra?
Como pode a Europa adaptar-se ao envelhecimento da mão de obra? Que impedimentos os trabalhadores mais velhos enfrentam no local de trabalho? Como a mudança de tecnologias e a qualidade do emprego estão influenciando a retenção de trabalhadores mais velhos no mercado de trabalho? Este episódio pretende responder a estas questões no contexto da evolução demográfica na Europa e da necessidade de tornar o trabalho mais sustentável.Keeping older workers in the labour force
Europe’s population is ageing and has experienced natural decline since 2014, cushioned only by net migration. The working-age population is shrinking as the number of older individuals grows, a trend expected to continue with the retirement of the baby boom generation. This shift presents challenges for policymakers in relation to employment, living standards and welfare sustainability across EU Member States.
This report aims to answer the question of how to keep older workers in employment as long as possible. It provides a comprehensive analysis of employment developments. It examines job quality differences across various age groups and analyses differences in job quality within the group of older workers. The report also explores the push and pull factors influencing employment trends across Europe and delves into the policies and practices implemented by Member States to keep older workers in the workforce. It highlights the critical role of social partners in shaping these outcomes and, finally, provides general pointers for policymakers to consider.
A Eurofound tem uma longa história de especialização em questões relacionadas com o envelhecimento da mão de obra. A investigação desde a década de 1990 tem-se centrado na participação no mercado de trabalho, no desempenho profissional, nas condições de trabalho e nas preferências profissionais dos trabalhadores mais velhos no contexto político da evolução do perfil demográfico da Europa. Os trabalhos centraram-se igualmente no apoio público e em iniciativas a nível das empresas que promovam o emprego dos trabalhadores mais velhos. Ele analisou as trabalhadoras mais velhas, destacando o aumento das taxas de emprego para esse grupo e sua crescente proporção da força de trabalho, especialmente na faixa etária de 55 a 64 anos.
Apesar do crescimento substancial das taxas de emprego dos trabalhadores mais velhos na última década em muitos países da UE, o Relatório Conjunto sobre o Emprego de 2017 da Comissão Europeia destaca o potencial para aumentar ainda mais estas taxas. Em 2016, a taxa de emprego dos trabalhadores mais velhos com idades compreendidas entre os 55 e os 64 anos na UE era de 55,3 %, em comparação com 66,6 % para o conjunto dos trabalhadores com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 64 anos. O aumento foi maior entre as mulheres mais velhas.
O Pilar Europeu dos Direitos Sociais proporciona um quadro para ajudar os mercados de trabalho a adaptarem-se aos novos desafios, promovendo simultaneamente a equidade e a solidariedade entre as gerações. Sublinha o direito a um ambiente de trabalho adaptado às necessidades profissionais dos trabalhadores, a fim de lhes permitir prolongar a sua participação no mercado de trabalho. Além disso, o recente acordo autónomo dos parceiros sociais europeus sobre o envelhecimento ativo e a abordagem intergeracional compromete-se a facilitar a participação ativa e a permanência dos trabalhadores mais velhos no mercado de trabalho.
Comissão Europeia: Relatório Conjunto sobre o Emprego de 2017opens in new tab
Comissão Europeia: Pilar Europeu dos Direitos Sociaisopens in new tab
Parceiros sociais europeus: Acordo-quadro autónomo sobre o envelhecimento activo e uma abordagem intergeracionalopens in new tab
Esta é uma seleção dos resultados mais importantes sobre este tema.
31 March 2025
Keeping older workers in the labour force
Europe’s population is ageing and has experienced natural decline since 2014, cushioned only by net migration. The working-age population is shrinking as the number of older individuals grows, a trend expected to continue with the retirement of the baby boom generation. This shift presents challenges for policymakers in relation to employment, living standards and welfare sustainability across EU Member States.
This report aims to answer the question of how to keep older workers in employment as long as possible. It provides a comprehensive analysis of employment developments. It examines job quality differences across various age groups and analyses differences in job quality within the group of older workers. The report also explores the push and pull factors influencing employment trends across Europe and delves into the policies and practices implemented by Member States to keep older workers in the workforce. It highlights the critical role of social partners in shaping these outcomes and, finally, provides general pointers for policymakers to consider.
19 December 2023
Intergenerational inequalities: How to close the gaps?
The various economic and social shocks of the past decade and a half – most recently the COVID-19 pandemic – have ongoing consequences for the living standards and prospects of Europeans, and sometimes these outcomes have been uneven across age groups. Social policies – such as those in the areas of social protection and housing – in some cases have benefited certain age groups over others. The upshot both of crises and of policies is that inequalities between the generations have widened in important areas.
This policy brief examines some of the intergenerational social trends that either were persistent or changed considerably over the last decade and a half, sometimes contrary to expectations. It focuses on significant developments that have received somewhat less attention in policy planning in the areas of income, housing, work and employment, and health. The intention is to develop a clearer sense of the direction of social change and bring medium- and long-term perspectives into policy thinking.
28 January 2022
COVID-19 and older people: Impact on their lives, support and care
This report captures the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the quality of life of older citizens, including the impact on their well-being, finances, employment and social inclusion. It explores the effects on the use of care services and older people’s reliance on other support. The report presents policy measures that have been implemented in EU Member States to support older people along all of the above-mentioned dimensions. These include measures to support independent living and schemes to support the labour market integration of older people or to prevent unemployment, all of which play a role in the quality of life of older citizens.
26 February 2021
Working conditions and sustainable work: An analysis using the job quality framework
This flagship report summarises the key findings of Eurofound’s research on working conditions conducted over the programming period 2017–2020. It maps the progress achieved since 2000 in improving working conditions and examines whether all workers have benefited equally from positive change. It highlights which groups are the most at risk of experiencing poor working conditions and being left behind. Given the changes in the world of work, emerging challenges for good job quality are identified. The report also provides evidence for measures that could lead to the further improvement of work and the achievement of fair working conditions for all in the EU. The analysis shows that, overall, job quality in the EU is improving, if slowly. Not all workers are benefiting to the same extent, however. Furthermore, gender, age and contractual status have a significant bearing on a person’s working conditions. And while digitalisation helps to address some job quality issues, it also creates new challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated trends, reinforcing concerns and highlighting the importance of achieving job quality for all.
13 May 2019
Working conditions and workers' health
This report uses European Working Conditions Survey data to examine working conditions and their implications for worker’s health. Ensuring the sustainability of work in the context of ageing populations implies a greater number of people in employment who can remain in the workforce for longer. The report examines the interplay between work demands – which carry an increased risk of exhaustion – and work resources – which support workers in greater engagement and well-being. The findings indicate that physical risks have not increased but remain important, while emotional demands have increased, underlining the growing importance of psychosocial risks at work. Changes over time suggest that although the risk of poor health is concentrated in certain occupations, those occupations traditionally considered to be protected are increasingly exposed to risks that are likely to affect workers’ health and well-being.
15 November 2018
Not finished at 50: Keeping older workers in work
23 January 2018
European Quality of Life Survey 2016
Nearly 37,000 people in 33 European countries (28 EU Member States and 5 candidate countries) were interviewed in the last quarter of 2016 for the fourth wave of the European Quality of Life Survey. This overview report presents the findings for the EU Member States. It uses information from previous survey rounds, as well as other research, to look at trends in quality of life against a background of the changing social and economic profile of European societies. Ten years after the global economic crisis, it examines well-being and quality of life broadly, to include quality of society and public services. The findings indicate that differences between countries on many aspects are still prevalent – but with more nuanced narratives. Each Member State exhibits certain strengths in particular aspects of well-being, but multiple disadvantages are still more pronounced in some societies than in others; and in all countries significant social inequalities persist.
21 December 2017
Working conditions of workers of different ages
Demographic change is changing the face of working life across the EU. The increased demand on a shrinking pool of workers to provide for the social needs of an ageing population is leading to increases in the employment rate of older workers and a lengthening of working life. Policy reforms have – on the whole – focused on raising the statutory retirement age and providing financial incentives for older workers to remain in work beyond retirement age. However, a range of other factors also influence workers’ decision to continue working into old age – including health and well-being, work–life balance, career prospects and job security, and working conditions such as autonomy, hours of work and psychosocial aspects of the workplace. This report analyses these factors in depth for the 28 EU Member States, using data from the latest European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS 2015) and in the context of Eurofound’s concept of ‘sustainable work over the life course’.
Os investigadores da Eurofound disponibilizam os seus conhecimentos especializados e podem ser contactados para questões ou pedidos dos meios de comunicação social.
Franz Ferdinand Eiffe
Research managerFranz Eiffe é gestor de investigação na unidade de Vida Profissional da Eurofound. Está envolvido em projetos sobre trabalho sustentável, análises quantitativas e convergência ascendente na UE, bem como na preparação do quarto Inquérito Europeu às Empresas. Antes de ingressar na Eurofound em 2016, foi Chefe da Unidade de «Análise» da Statistics Austria em Viena e líder do projeto «How is Austria? Medindo a riqueza e o progresso além do PIB'. Ele é PhD em Economia pela Universidade de Economia de Viena (WU), onde também trabalhou como pesquisador associado de 2005 a 2009 e professor até 2016.
Hans Dubois
Senior research managerHans Dubois é gestor sénior de investigação na unidade de Políticas Sociais da Eurofound. Seus tópicos de pesquisa incluem habitação, superendividamento, saúde, cuidados de longo prazo, benefícios sociais, aposentadoria e qualidade de vida na área local. Antes de ingressar na Eurofound, foi Professor Assistente na Universidade Kozminski (Varsóvia). Concluiu o doutorado em Administração e Gestão de Empresas na Universidade Bocconi (Milão), depois de trabalhar como pesquisador no Observatório Europeu de Sistemas e Políticas de Saúde (Madri).
Oscar Vargas Llave
Senior research managerOscar Vargas Llave is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and manages projects on changes in the world of work and the impact on working conditions and related policies: organisation of working time, remote work, the right to disconnect, health and well-being and ageing. Before joining Eurofound in December 2009, he worked as project coordinator in the field of health and safety and was responsible for the Professional Card Scheme for the Construction Sector in Spain at the non-profit Fundación Laboral de la Construcción in Madrid. He has a background in industrial sociology (Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca), and also holds a Diploma in Social Science Research Methods from the University of Cardiff and a Master’s degree in Health and Safety from the Autonomous University of Madrid.
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