Javne storitve
Javne storitve, kot so zdravstvo, socialna oskrba, izobraževanje in promet, so bistvene za doseganje visokih ravni socialne zaščite, socialne kohezije in socialne vključenosti. A prav kakovost in dostop do storitev določata njihov uspeh v spreminjajočem se družbenem in demografskem okolju. Izziv za oblikovalce politik je zagotoviti oblikovanje in izvajanje zdravstvenih in socialnih storitev, ki ustrezajo raznolikim potrebam državljanov. Ta izziv so še poslabšale hude finančne omejitve in naraščajoče povpraševanje, deloma zaradi demografskega staranja in deloma zaradi prihoda beguncev v Evropo. Poleg dostopnosti in kakovosti se pojavljajo tudi novejši problemi. Te vključujejo priložnosti digitalizacije, skupaj s tveganjem, da bi novi digitalni kanali za zagotavljanje storitev lahko izolirali že tako prikrajšane skupnosti ter potencialno grožnjo naraščajoče raznolikosti ponudnikov storitev glede dostopa in kakovosti javnih storitev.
Najnovejše vsebine na to temo so navedene spodaj.
Europe’s digital welfare revolution: Progress at what price?
As Europe races to digitalise its social protection systems, the promise of efficiency collides with the reality of exclusion—creating a paradox where the most vulnerable risk being left furthest behind.Delo za otroke je pomembno: pregled zagotavljanja storitev in delovne sile v Evropi
Spodbujanje dobrega počutja otrok in boj proti revščini otrok sta ključna cilja nove Evropske komisije. To poročilo analizira trende in razlike v dostopnosti storitev za otroke, ki jih je treba obravnavati, da bi to dosegli. Glede na to, da ima osebje ključno vlogo pri določanju kakovosti in dostopnosti teh storitev, je v tem poročilu opisano stanje delovnih pogojev in možnosti usposabljanja osebja. Dobri delovni pogoji in cenovno dostopne visokokakovostne storitve, kot sta predšolska vzgoja in varstvo, imajo prav tako ključno vlogo pri spodbujanju udeležbe na trgu dela in povečevanju produktivnosti.
Social protection 2.0: Unemployment and minimum income benefits
This report focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits for people of working age. Individuals with short or no employment records (mainly young people), the self-employed, those with non-standard working arrangements, and the long-term unemployed are often not entitled to higher-tier, or any, unemployment benefits. No Member State was identified where more than 80% of those entitled to minimum income benefits receive them. Benefit recipients at higher risk of having an inadequate income include those without access to social housing in areas with high housing costs, unemployed individuals whose most recent job was low paid and the long-term unemployed people. The report also investigates the rejection of applications (frequently, around 30% are rejected), the digitalisation of application processes (most common for unemployment benefits) and economic activation requirements (typically, 1–6% of benefit recipients annually are sanctioned for not complying with activity requirements) and service entitlements.
Eurofound preučuje potrebe državljanov na splošno, s posebnim poudarkom na mladih, starejših in tistih s telesnimi ali duševnimi težavami. Spremlja in analizira spremembe v javnih storitvah, ki so posledica proračunskih omejitev, sprememb politik ter tehnološkega napredka in digitalizacije. Eurofoundove raziskave o javnih storitvah prav tako preučujejo perspektive ponudnikov storitev in njihov odziv na spreminjajoče se potrebe uporabnikov.
Paket socialnih naložb Evropske komisije, ki je bil predstavljen leta 2013, je pozval države članice, naj večji poudarek namenejo kakovostnim javnim storitvam. Poudaril je pomen izboljšanja dostopa do izobraževanja in oskrbe za zgodnje otroštvo ter kakovostne zdravstvene oskrbe kot ključnega elementa za izboljšanje splošnega zdravja in ohranjanje produktivnosti delovne sile. V maju 2019 je Svet EU sprejel Priporočilo o visokokakovostnih sistemih predšolskega izobraževanja in varstva za podporo državam članicam pri izboljšanju dostopa in kakovosti storitev, ki jih nudijo. Po tem je bila junija 2021 sprejeta Evropska otroška garancija, ki si prizadeva zagotoviti, da imajo vsi otroci dostop do najosnovnejših pravic, kot sta zdravstvena oskrba in izobraževanje.
Poleg tega strategija Digitalnega enotnega trga Komisije za Evropo, sprejeta leta 2015, daje poudarek na modernizaciji javnih storitev kot načinu za povečanje konkurenčnosti. Sprejemanje novih tehnologij, spletnih javnih storitev in čezmejne interoperabilnosti je ključno za povečanje stroškovne učinkovitosti in kakovosti storitev. Digitalno desetletje EU, napovedane leta 2021, postavlja vizijo digitalne preobrazbe Evrope do leta 2030. Izpostavlja štiri ključna področja, med katerimi je digitalizacija javnih storitev.
Evropska komisija: Paket socialnih naložbopens in new tab
Evropska komisija: Odbor za socialno zaščitoopens in new tab
Evropska komisija: Evropska otroška garancijaopens in new tab
Evropska komisija: Digitalno desetletje Evrope: digitalni cilji za leto 2030opens in new tab
Evropska komisija: Spodbujanje našega evropskega načina življenjaopens in new tab
To je izbor najpomembnejših ugotovitev v zvezi s to temo.
20 September 2023
Guaranteeing access to services for children in the EU
The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in children’s access to early childhood education and care, education, healthcare, nutrition and housing. This is done using a convergence analysis, which tracks whether Member States are improving in respect of specific performance indicators and whether disparities between them are expanding or narrowing. The analysis, where possible, also looks at the differences between urban and rural areas and between children living in households with different levels of income and risk of social exclusion. The indicators chosen for analysis highlight the links between the Guarantee, the European Semester and the Social Scoreboard.
16 August 2023
Social services in Europe: Adapting to a new reality
This report addresses the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on social services in the EU. While the pandemic negatively affected social services, it nevertheless provided lessons on how to adapt them in response to new challenges and social risks. One lesson, for instance, is that policies should be developed to make better use of digitalisation in the sector, to improve access to new technologies and training for both workers and services’ target groups. And, most importantly, there is a need for clear contingency plans and funding for adaptation in times of crisis.
An increase in public expenditure on social protection, healthcare and education was a critical part of the pandemic response. However, there is uncertainty about the future development of social services in the context of the overarching policy interest and investment in the green and digital transition. This implies that the contribution of social services to the resilience of European societies needs to remain in the policy debate and that policies should be further fine-tuned.
7 September 2022
Access to essential services for people on low incomes: Energy, public transport and digital communications
In collecting information on essential services, the European Commission requested Eurofound to provide input on certain aspects of existing and planned measures in the Member States to improve access to essential services in reference to Principle 20 of the European Pillar of Social Rights. For this exercise, the scope was on energy services, public transport, and digital communications, and the focus on people at risk of poverty or social exclusion (in most cases in practice, people on low incomes). This paper provides an overview of the measures in the Member States based mainly on the inputs from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents, collected in February–March 2022. The paper reviews the measures across the entire EU by clustering the major types or targets of the measures to make essential services accessible, and by succinctly listing main country-level examples. It provides information for understanding the diversity and similarities of the measures applied and suggests pointers on areas where policy action could be developed.
30 September 2021
COVID-19: A turning point for upward convergence in health and healthcare in the EU?
The impact of COVID-19 has moved public health up the EU social policy agenda. As the EU directs its efforts towards establishing a European Health Union to guard against future health crises, this policy brief examines the extent to which the EU achieved upward convergence in terms of health and healthcare outcomes, as well as health expenditures and delivery, prior to the pandemic. It also examines convergence patterns in infections and deaths from COVID-19 and in the mitigating measures adopted by the EU and national governments.
The findings indicate that, from 2008 to 2019, the health of EU citizens improved overall, and Member States converged in health outcomes, but disparities in government expenditures and delivery of health services continued to widen. Against this background, the COVID-19 pandemic caused further divergence, with death and infection tolls varying greatly across countries. The policy brief stresses that a European Health Union would ideally not only reinforce the crisis preparedness of the EU but also ultimately enable convergence in health and healthcare indicators across its Member States.
14 December 2020
Long-term care workforce: Employment and working conditions
The long-term care (LTC) sector employs a growing share of workers in the EU and is experiencing increasing staff shortages. The LTC workforce is mainly female and a relatively large and increasing proportion is aged 50 years or older. Migrants are often concentrated in certain LTC jobs. This report maps the LTC workforce’s working conditions and the nature of employment and role of collective bargaining in the sector. It also discusses policies to make the sector more attractive, combat undeclared work and improve the situation of a particularly vulnerable group of LTC workers: live-in carers. The report ends with a discussion and policy pointers on addressing expected staff shortages and the challenges around working conditions.
8 October 2020
Access to care services: Early childhood education and care, healthcare and long-term care
The right of access to good-quality care services is highlighted in the European Pillar of Social Rights. This report focuses on three care services: early childhood education and care (ECEC), healthcare, and long-term care. Access to these services has been shown to contribute to reducing inequalities throughout the life cycle and achieving equality for women and persons with disabilities. Drawing on input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents and Eurofound’s own research, the report presents an overview of the current situation in various EU Member States, Norway and the UK, outlining barriers to the take-up of care services and differences in access issues between population groups. It pays particular attention to three areas that have the potential to improve access to services: ECEC for children with disabilities and special educational needs, e-healthcare and respite care.
Raziskovalci agencije Eurofound zagotavljajo strokovno znanje in jih je mogoče kontaktirati za vprašanja ali poizvedbe medijev.
Daniel Molinuevo
Senior research managerDaniel Molinuevo je vodja raziskav v enoti za socialne politike, ki se je Eurofoundu pridružil leta 2010. Njegove raziskave na področju zdravstvenega in socialnega varstva so se osredotočile na kakovost in dostopnost storitev, njihovo digitalno preobrazbo in delovne pogoje zaposlenih. Njegovo delo je bilo osredotočeno predvsem na storitve za otroke, tako v Eurofoundu kot pri UNICEF-u, kjer je leta 2021 podprl izvajanje evropskega jamstva za otroke. Študiral je sociologijo v Salamanci v Španiji in na Humboldtovi univerzi v Berlinu. Magistriral je iz evropskih političnih in upravnih študij na College of Europe v Bruggeju in magistriral iz evropske socialne politike na London School of Economics, kjer je delal tudi kot raziskovalec.
Hans Dubois
Senior research managerHans Dubois je višji vodja raziskav v enoti za socialne politike pri Eurofoundu. Njegove raziskovalne teme vključujejo stanovanja, prezadolženost, zdravstveno varstvo, dolgotrajno oskrbo, socialne ugodnosti, upokojitev in kakovost življenja na lokalnem območju. Preden se je pridružil Eurofoundu, je bil docent na Univerzi Kozminski (Varšava). Doktoriral je iz poslovne administracije in managementa na Univerzi Bocconi (Milano), potem ko je delal kot raziskovalec na Evropskem observatoriju za zdravstvene sisteme in politike (Madrid).
Ta razdelek omogoča dostop do vseh vsebin, ki so bile objavljene na to temo.
