Just transition
Just transition is the term used to describe the transition to a climate-neutral economy while securing the future and livelihoods of workers and their communities. A just transition to a climate-neutral economy provides and guarantees better and decent jobs, social protection, more training opportunities and greater job security for all workers affected by global warming and climate change policies.
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Kartläggning av grön beteendepolitik inom EU
Detta dokument kartlägger hur långt medlemsstaterna har byggt kapacitet att utveckla och implementera sådana beteendeinformerade policys. Det finner betydande skillnader inom EU, med ett oroande mönster: de länder som är under störst övergångspress är ofta de minst rustade att utforma de människocentrerade policyer som skulle underlätta den.IT-sektorn i fokus: Utvecklingen av EU:s digitala arbetskraft
IKT-sektorn driver digitaliseringen och AI-användningen i hela Europa, men brist på kvalificerad arbetskraft håller tillbaka tillväxten. Denna rapport undersöker anställning och arbetsvillkor för IKT-specialister samt de utmaningar som formar en av EU:s mest kritiska sektorer.Social implications of the just transition: Citizen support, behavioural adaptation, and policy impact in Europe
This research report examines Europeans’ experiences of the green transition at a time when competitiveness has become a central EU policy priority. Using quantitative analysis of EU-wide data, it identifies who supports green policies, who is changing behaviour, and who risks being left behind. Combining this with a comparative policy analysis across all 27 Member States, including reflections on the use of behavioural insights in green public policy, the report highlights critical gaps and provides evidence-based guidance for aligning competitiveness with an effective and equitable green transition.Eurofound's research is shaped by the key challenges for social cohesion and a just transition in a changing environment. It covers the areas of working conditions, industrial relations, employment and living conditions, providing evidence that can assist policy action.
Main topics linked with the move towards a just transition include working conditions and sustainable work, employment and labour markets, digitalisation, the future of manufacturing, people’s living conditions and well-being, restructuring, skills and training and youth, among others. Research findings could potentially feed into the work of the Just Transition Platform, which assists EU Member States and regions to unlock the support available through the Just Transition Mechanism.
Eurofound also collaborates with the European Environment Agency (EEA) on research around the transition to a climate-neutral economy, in particular environmental and socioeconomic convergence.
A just transition at European level focuses on two core issues for transition, moving towards a green and digital Europe where no one will be left behind.
As a committed party to the Paris Climate Agreement, the EU submitted its long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in March 2020. It sets out the extent of the transition across sectors and regions and lays the ground for designing a just transition.
European Commission: 2050 long-term strategyopens in new tab
Green and digital transition
At the heart of the EU’s long-term strategy is the European Green Deal, which is one of six European Commission priorities for 2019–2024 and the compass to guide Member States towards a green transition that is fair for all citizens. It will contribute to the financing of the transition that Europe faces through its Just Transition Mechanism. In the political guidelines for the next European Commission 2024–2029, Ursula von der Leyen reiterated the importance of staying the course with the European Green Deal goals and committed to a significant increase in funding for a just transition across the next long-term budget. This will go hand in hand with the development of a Quality Jobs Roadmap.
European Commision: Political Guidelines 2024–2029opens in new tab
Responding to the way digital technology is changing our lives, another Commission priority is to create a Europe fit for the digital age, leading the transition to a healthy planet and a new digital world through its European Digital Strategy.
Strong social Europe for just transitions
In January 2020, the European Commission presented its Communication ‘A strong social Europe for just transitions’. This vision to reinforce social Europe prepared the way for an Action Plan to implement the European Pillar of Social Rights, which is the European social strategy to make sure that the ‘transitions of climate neutrality, digitalisation and demographic change are socially fair and just’.
Eurofound’s work related to the just transition links in with several of the Commission’s 2019–2024 priorities, and is highly relevant here.
European Commission: A European Green Dealopens in new tab
European Commission: An economy that works for peopleopens in new tab
European Commission: A Europe fit for the digital ageopens in new tab
Detta är ett urval av de viktigaste resultaten för detta ämne.
Watch the webinar - Eurofound LIVE: Is Europe's green transition in jeopardy?
2 August 2023
Green, clean and keen to converge? A convergence analysis of environmental quality of life in the EU
This report explores the dynamics of the environmental performance of the EU Member States and the extent to which the disparities in their performance have narrowed since the early 2000s. The report is a product of cooperation between Eurofound and the European Environment Agency, with the technical expertise in convergence of the former meeting the expertise in European environmental issues of the latter. It focuses on three levels of analysis: headline indicators, residential-level indicators and household-level indicators. In order to explore the multifaceted issue of environmental quality of life in the EU, the report investigates environmental indicators through a convergence analysis. The results suggest that the EU is on the right track to becoming carbon neutral, although the speed of the greening process varies among the Member States. A fast and steady improvement in performance can be seen for most of the indicators. One noteworthy finding is that the economic downturns of the past two decades negatively affected the household-level indicators examined, which focused on energy poverty.
19 July 2023
Supporting regions in the just transition: Role of social partners
This report investigates the involvement of social partners in the just transition to a climate-neutral economy, with a particular focus on the territorial just transition plans. These plans aim to support the regions most negatively affected by the just transition by assisting workers to retrain, relocate and find other jobs, and also support industries that need to phase out fossil fuels or other greenhouse gas-intensive activities. The role and input of the social partners in these plans and their views on the just transition are explored. An analysis of social dialogue practices and examples of collective agreements shows the range of topics covered by the social partners. The report also investigates the role of the energy crisis in the just transition and how it has contributed to delays in the implementation of territorial just transition plans in certain Member States.
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Marianna Baggio
Research officerMarianna Baggio är forskningssekreterare vid enheten för socialpolitik vid Eurofound och arbetar med olika aspekter av den europeiska undersökningen om livskvalitet (EQLS), samt med frågor som jämställdhet om lönetransparens och informell vård. Innan hon började på Eurofound arbetade hon som policyanalytiker vid kompetenscentrumet för beteendeinsikter vid Europeiska kommissionens gemensamma forskningscentrum. Hon har arbetat som postdoktor vid University Vita-Salute San Raffaele (Milano) och University of Trento. Hon har också lång erfarenhet från en tidigare roll som CSR-ansvarig i Sydafrika. Marianna har en doktorsexamen i ekonomi och management från University of Trento, med inriktning på beteendeekonomi.
Massimiliano Mascherini
Head of UnitMassimiliano Mascherini är chef för socialpolitikenheten på Eurofound sedan oktober 2019. Han började på Eurofound 2009 som forskningsledare och utformade och samordnade projekt om ungdomssysselsättning, NEETs och jämställdhet. År 2017 blev han senior forskningschef och ledde ny forskning om övervakning av konvergens inom EU. Dessutom ledde han konceptualiseringen av den europeiska livskvalitetsundersökningen 2026. År 2025 tilldelades han Brendan Walsh-priset för bästa artikel publicerad i Economic and Social Review. Tidigare var han vetenskaplig tjänsteman vid Europeiska kommissionens gemensamma forskningscentrum. Han studerade vid universitetet i Florens, där han hade aktuarie- och statistikvetenskap som huvudämne och erhöll en doktorsexamen i tillämpad statistik. År 2014 erhöll han en vetenskaplig kvalifikation som docent i social statistik och demografi från det italienska universitetets och forskningsdepartementet. Han har varit gästforskare vid University of Sydney och Aalborg University samt gästprofessor vid Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences.
Tina Weber
Senior research managerTina Weber is a senior research manager in Eurofound’s Working Life unit. Her work has focused on labour shortages, the impact of hybrid work and an ‘always on’ culture and the right to disconnect, working conditions and social protection measures for self-employed workers and the impact of the twin transitions on employment, working conditions and industrial relations. She is responsible for studies assessing the representativeness of European social partner organisations. She has also carried out research on European Works Councils and the evolution of industrial relations and social dialogue in the European Union. Prior to joining Eurofound in 2019, she worked for a private research institute primarily carrying out impact assessments and evaluations of EU labour law and labour market policies. Tina holds a PhD in Political Sciences from the University of Edinburgh which focussed on the role of national trade unions and employers’ organisations in the European social dialogue.
Stavroula Demetriades
Senior research managerStavroula Demetriades är forskningschef vid enheten för sysselsättning vid Eurofound. Hon ansvarar för forskning inom områdena grön och rättvis omställning, social dialog, ledningspraxis, innovation och hybridarbete. Hon har en doktorsexamen i sociologi från Universitetet i Aalborg, Danmark. Hon har också en masterexamen i ekonomisk politik från Trinity College Dublin och en masterexamen i regional utveckling från Athens University. Innan hon kom till Eurofound 1999 arbetade hon vid forskningsinstitut, på olika poster inom den offentliga och privata sektorn, och genomförde organisatoriska och socioekonomiska studier. Hennes huvudsakliga forskningsintressen inkluderar den gröna och rättvisa omställningen, personalförvaltning, arbetssystem, innovation, sysselsättning och social dialog. Hon är också adjungerad professor vid Business School vid University College Dublin.
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