Премини към основното съдържание
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Условия на труд и устойчива работа

Условията на труд и устойчивата работа са една от шестте основни дейности в работната програма на Eurofound за периода 2021—2024 г. Eurofound ще продължи да работи като експертен център за наблюдение и анализ на развитията в тази област, включително какво въздействие оказва кризата с COVID-19 върху условията на труд и качеството на работните места, както и върху практиките на работното място.

В периода 2021—2024 г. Eurofound ще осигури важни познания във връзка с трудностите и перспективите, свързани с условията на труд и устойчивата работа в ЕС. Като се основава на дългогодишния експертен опит в тази област, Eurofound ще проучи тенденциите и напредъка във времето и ще идентифицира нововъзникващи причини за безпокойство във връзка с условията на труд и качеството на работните места. Анализът ще обхване различни държави, сектори, професии и групи работници по въпроси като организация на труда и дистанционна работа работно време равновесие между професионалния и личния живот равно третиране здраве и благосъстояние на работното място умения и обучение печалби и перспективи , както и удовлетвореност от работата. Ще бъде обърнато особено внимание на нестандартните форми на заетост , и по-специално на самостоятелната заетост.

С оглед на демографското предизвикателство, свързано със застаряващото население на ЕС, и на все по-голямото многообразие в професионалния живот Eurofound ще продължи да проучва факторите, които позволяват на повече работници да продължат да работят по-дълго. Освен това Агенцията ще постави акцент върху подобряването на качеството на работните места като фактор, позволяващ повишено участие на пазара на труда и подобрена мотивация на служителите, и по този начин ще допринесе за устойчива работа през целия живот.

Връзките между работата и здравето ще бъдат изследвани в тясно сътрудничество с Европейската агенция за безопасност и здраве при работа (EU-OSHA). Eurofound се стреми да доразвие своето сътрудничество с Международната организация на труда (МОТ) по въпроси, свързани с бъдещето на труда и условията на труд на световно равнище.

 

Като цяло това са добри новини, защото условията на труд в Европейския съюз се подобряват — макар и много бавно — но съществуват опасения, че това не важи непременно за всички групи работници. Този въпрос зависи до голяма степен от това в кой сектор работите, зависи от образователната степен и, честно казано, от това дали сте мъж или жена.

— Barbara Gerstenberger, началник на звено „Трудов живот“

Topic

Recent updates

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Ключови послания за политиката

Инфографика 2021

Основните констатации от изследванията на Eurofound служат като информация, въз основа на която авторите на политики ще предприемат действия за преодоляване на някои от ключовите проблеми в тази област.

  • Подобряването на условията на труд е от решаващо значение за работниците и работодателите. Трябва да се вземат предвид множество различни аспекти на качеството на работните места. Качествените работни места дават възможност на хората да имат по-дълъг и по-добър трудов живот и допринасят за устойчивата работа и положителното равновесие между професионалния и личния живот.
  • Условията на труд в ЕС като цяло се подобряват, въпреки че темпът на напредък е постепенен. Постигането на напредък не е толкова бързо за някои групи работници: то зависи от вида на трудовия договор, сектора и образователната степен.
  • Съществуват множество начини за подобряване на условията на труд и качеството на работните места в ЕС. Правителствата определено изпълняват важна роля, като установяват рамката чрез регламентиране. При все това работниците и служителите, както и техните организации, също са важни участници. По отношение на много аспекти, свързани с качеството на работните места, промените се случват именно на работното място.
  • Едва една пета от европейските дружества са открили как да съчетаят оптимално благосъстоянието на работното място и бизнес резултатите. Работните места с висока степен на инвестиции и участие доказаха, че водят до най-добрите резултати за работниците и работодателите, като стимулират ефективността и подобряват качеството на работните места чрез повишаване на автономността на служителите, улесняване на участието на служителите и насърчаване на ученето и обучението.
  • Много хора изпитват затруднения при съчетаването на работни и извънработни ангажименти, особено родителите и други лица, полагащи грижи. Макар че гъвкавите схеми на работа могат да помогнат за преодоляване на тези трудности, те пораждат също някои проблеми. Дистанционната работа например предлага повече свобода да се избере кога и къде да се работи, но също може да доведе до по-дълго работно време при по-висока интензивност и да затрудни откъсването от работната атмосфера.
  • Увеличаването на дистанционната работа по време на пандемията от COVID-19 подчерта размиването на границите между работата и личния живот. Много правителства и социални партньори обсъждат инициативи за „право на откъсване от работната атмосфера“, за да се предотврати излагането на голяма част от работниците на риск от физическо и емоционално изтощение.
  • В бъдеще социалните партньори следва да се стремят да включат във всички правни рамки или споразумения разпоредби за работниците относно доброволния характер на дистанционната работа или пригодността на конкретни задачи за изпълнение от разстояние. Предоставянето на разяснения относно начина, по който работодателите могат да допринесат за покриване на разходите, свързани с работата от дома, както и гаранции за равностойно заплащане и достъп до обучение за работещите от разстояние, също ще бъдат от решаващо значение.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects related to working conditions and sustainable work in the EU. Building on long-established expertise in this area, Eurofound will look at trends and progress over time and identify emerging concerns around working conditions and job quality. The analysis will cover different countries, sectors, occupations and groups of workers on issues such as work organisation and teleworkingworking timework–life balanceequal treatmentworkplace health and well-beingskills and trainingearnings and prospects, and job satisfaction. Non-standard forms of employment will be a specific focus, particularly self-employment.

In light of the EU’s demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life, Eurofound will continue to explore the factors enabling more workers to stay in employment longer. It will also put the spotlight on improving job quality as an enabler of greater labour market participation and increased employee motivation, contributing to sustainable work over the life course.

The links between work and health will be investigated in close consultation with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound aims to build on its collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on issues around the future of work and working conditions at global level.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to improve working conditions and job quality, while progressing towards sustainable work, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels in the areas of work and employment. It focuses on identifying pressing issues and specific groups at risk and analysing selected elements.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a robust social Europe. In particular, Eurofound’s research will support policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and activities linked to, among other initiatives, the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the reinforced Youth Guarantee, the Youth Employment Support package, the skills agenda, as well as innovation and job creation and the European Commission’s proposal for adequate minimum wages in the EU.

Eurofound research

Eurofound continues to monitor developments in working conditions, with a particular focus on improvements in the job quality of older workers, the challenges associated with specific types of self-employment and the longer-term structural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

In 2024, fieldwork commences for the newest edition of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which includes questions on working conditions and work–life outcomes relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The first results are planned for the end of 2024. 

Final analysis of data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS) feeds into three studies in 2024: an analysis of working conditions and work practices in the hybrid workplace; an investigation of changing working time patterns; and an examination of the job quality of older workers.

Research commences on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe, examining levels of digitalisation, digital skills, innovation and training strategies. This research assesses how workers in SMEs compare to the average in terms of working conditions, job quality, digital skills and take-up of training. 

Research in 2024 also aims to identify the most vulnerable group of workers by examining employment relationships that combine several unfavourable characteristics. The research investigates the job quality of workers in these employment relationships, their access to social protection and training, as well as ways to support the transition to more secure forms of employment. 
 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 January 2024
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2022 година започна с предпазлив оптимизъм. Европа излизаше от двугодишния период на пандемията от COVID-19 и в NextGenerationEU беше изложен план за възстановяване, предвиждащ изграждане на силно и устойчиво бъдеще...

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Строгите ограничения в областта на общественото здраве, въведени от правителствата през 2020 г. с цел контролиране на пандемията от COVID-19, рязко промениха трудовия живот и продължиха да го оформят през...

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Barbara Gerstenberger is Head of the Working Life unit at Eurofound. In this role, she coordinates the research teams investigating job quality in Europe based on the European...

​Head of Unit,
Working life research unit
Publications results (567)

Across European countries, the ‘employment contract’ has been, and still is, the point of reference for determining the rights and obligations of both workers and employers. When direct subordinated employment is disguised as self-employment, it is termed ‘bogus’. Work can be contracted in several

27 July 2017

Employment relations remain defined vis-à-vis the standard employment relationship (permanent, full-time, direct). Fixed-term contracts are therefore understood as non-standard employment contracts by which an employer hires an employee for a fixed duration. The main difference between permanent and

27 July 2017

Regulated at European level, the posting of workers is a practice used between companies located in different countries A worker is posted when their original employer sends them to work, for a temporary period, in another company. Posting has been defined as a specific form of labour mobility

27 July 2017

Among the fraudulent contracting of work practices, one of the most difficult to identify is the creation of sham companies (usually, in another country). Sham companies are essentially new entities created to disguise the real employer. Creating a company, even abroad, is – of course – legal and

27 July 2017

A traineeship is generally defined as an education and training programme combined with work experience, devised for certain groups – usually unemployed young people. Various types of traineeship are found across EU Member States. Traineeships have recently been actively promoted by the European

27 July 2017

This article discusses developments in collectively agreed wages in the European Union in 2016, putting them into the perspective of developments over the past 15 years. The tendency for growth in both nominal and real collectively agreed wages from 2015 continued. In two countries (Belgium and

25 July 2017

The ageing of the EU’s population and workforce has implications for employment, working conditions, living standards and welfare. This report draws on the expertise of four EU Agencies in their respective areas, covers the policy challenges associated with the ageing workforce and considers

29 June 2017

In 22 out of 28 EU Member States, a generally applicable statutory minimum wage exists; the level of this minimum wage varies greatly from one country to another. This article provides information on statutory minimum wage levels, how the minimum wage has been determined for 2017 and minimum wage

09 February 2017

Demographic ageing poses the challenge of how to keep people in employment for longer without negatively affecting their health and well-being. The solutions are particularly critical for workers engaged in arduous work. This report examines how mid-career reviews can play a key role by clarifying

17 January 2017

Teachers across Europe have been protesting about their working conditions. Pay levels and pay inequalities, working time and workload, recruitment procedures and staffing at schools have been the main focus of social dialogue and collective action. Several of the reported cases are set in the

09 January 2017

Online resources results (1778)

In this episode of Eurofound Talks Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound Research Manager Tina Weber about new research on the right to disconnect, the evolution of the right to disconnect in Europe, the reasons why legislative and procedural actions are being called for, the impacts that effective

15 April 2024

Flexible work increases post-pandemic, but not for everyone

Even before the outbreak of COVID-19, various forms of flexible work, such as teleworking and flexitime, were in place across EU Member States. However, the pandemic led to a surge in flexible working practices with many workers wanting to focus on their work–life balance and have more time for

Eurofound presentation to the European Parliament Committee on Employment and Social Affairs (EMPL), Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound, 24 January 2023.

23 January 2023

The rise in cost of living and energy poverty: Social impact and policy responses. 14 October 2022, Informal Meeting of Employment and Social Affairs Ministers (EPSCO). Presentation by Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound.

14 October 2022
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COVID-19 in the workplace: Employer’s responsibility to ensure a safe workplace

Throughout 2021, the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, specific occupational health and safety rules were reintroduced due to increases in infection rates. Mandatory face masks, physical distancing and hygiene measures were enforced, and the recommendation to telework was largely re-instated in

Female teleworker taking notes during video conference on her laptop

Workers want to telework but long working hours, isolation and inadequate equipment must be tackled

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a surge in telework, with dramatic increases in the number of employees working from home (teleworking) in many European countries. What for many employees started out as a mandatory move seems to have transformed into a preference among the majority for part-time or

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Summer time arrangements in the EU: A tripartite outlook on ‘Cloxit’

On 31 March 2019, clocks across the EU will go forward one hour, a Union-wide event since 2002. However, the European Commission has proposed abolishing the bi-annual hour change, an idea favoured by the vast majority of respondents in a public consultation. This article discusses reactions by


Blogs results (61)
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Trade unions in many EU Member States face the issue of declining membership. This is a fundamental challenge for organised labour, but it is premature to speak about the redundancy unions: when it comes to important decisions affecting the workplace, restructuring being one, trade unions remain a

20 November 2019
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Much of the discussion on the future of work is focused on globalisation and technology, and their impacts on the labour market. However, there is also a growing interest in the business models used by cooperatives and social enterprises, and how they can contribute to a better future of work

15 November 2019
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It feels like every day there are new articles or blog posts about how Uber drivers are exploited, or on the bad working conditions and safety standards for Deliveroo riders. In an era of ‘fake news’ can we trust that these are accurate? They most likely are, and I agree that things are not all rosy

17 October 2019
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The European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work last year documented the case of a Dutch temporary work agency that hired workers of various nationalities to work for a construction company in Belgium. The wages were suspiciously low, and the Belgian Labour Inspectorate believed that EU law

17 July 2019
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The spread of ICT in the economy is changing both the types of jobs that employ people and the types of tasks that people perform in their jobs. The latest research on the content of work suggests that computerisation has boosted the proportion of jobs with social interaction at their core, while at

1 July 2019
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The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

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Imagine you’re at work and something happens: you have to leave to visit a client, you have to go home to let in the plumber, or you have to collect the kids from school as the football training has just been cancelled. If you’re lucky, your employer gives you the flexibility to do this. If you’re

14 May 2019
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Company restructuring may hit the headlines less in good times, but it remains a central experience in the working life of many. According to the most recent European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) data, just under one in three (30%) employees in the EU reported that restructuring had taken place

2 May 2019
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Motivated workers have higher levels of engagement, better health and are able to work longer. Improving motivation at work is therefore a key component in meeting the challenges of Europe’s ageing workforce and improving the EU’s long-term competitiveness on a global scale. This means that

20 March 2019
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After more than 60 years of European policy on the equal treatment of women and men, men still outnumber women in management positions by almost two to one. The women who do make it into management are more likely to be in non-supervising management roles where they manage operational

7 March 2019

Upcoming publications results (4)

This policy brief investigates how organisations are adapting their work organisation and practices to hybrid work. Based on case studies and on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2024, the policy brief examines how hybrid work is being managed in organisations and profiles t

April 2025

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024

Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change is associated with higher

July 2024
Data results (1)

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