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Jobkvalitet supplerer målinger af jobkvantitet for at give en vurdering af beskæftigelsesstrategien. Jobkvalitet er et flerdimensionelt begreb, hvor forskellige politiske dagsordener og discipliner lægger vægt på forskellige dimensioner. I de fleste af Eurofounds undersøgelser måles jobkvalitet på jobniveau. Det omfatter jobfunktioner fanget fra et objektivt perspektiv, som kan observeres og er relateret til at imødekomme folks behov fra arbejdet. Det består af alle de karakteristika ved arbejde og beskæftigelse, der har vist sig at have en årsagssammenhæng med sundhed og velvære. Positive og negative træk ved jobbene er inkluderet. Disse indikatorer afspejler jobressourcerne (fysiske, psykologiske, sociale eller organisatoriske aspekter) og jobkravene eller de processer, der påvirker dem.
Find det nyeste indhold om dette emne nedenfor.
Det fælles møde for chefmedicin, chefsygepleje og cheftandlæge er en vigtig platform til at forbinde ledelsen af beslutningstagere inden for medicinske, sygepleje og tandpleje i EU. Dette arrangement omfatter en to-dages konference, et besøg på en relevant medicinsk facilitet og en række breakout-sessioner.
Eurofound sigter mod at konsolidere sin europæiske undersøgelse af arbejdsvilkårene som et vigtigt redskab til benchmarking af jobkvalitet i og uden for Den Europæiske Union, hvilket bidrager til politikudvikling inden for arbejdskvalitet. Dataene er blevet brugt til at udføre yderligere forskning i forskellige emner knyttet til jobkvalitet, herunder jobkvalitet i forskellige arbejdssituationer, jobkvalitet for forskellige grupper på arbejdsmarkedet, jobkvalitetens indvirkning på arbejdslivets kvalitet og dybdegående analyser af individuelle dimensioner af jobkvalitet. De europæiske virksomhedsundersøgelser ser også på forskellige dimensioner af jobkvalitet for arbejdstagere og arbejdsgivere. Nyere forskning har også set på jobkvalitet i et globalt perspektiv.
Jobkvalitet og forbedring heraf er et vigtigt politisk anliggende, da kvalitetsjob er afgørende for højere arbejdsstyrkedeltagelse, højere velfærd og øgede økonomiske resultater. Jobkvalitet er også et nøgleelement i at gøre arbejdet bæredygtigt og gøre det muligt for arbejdstagerne at forblive motiverede til at blive i arbejdet i længere tid. Det er centralt for ILO's dagsorden for anstændigt arbejde, OECD's beskæftigelsesstrategi og for EU's politikker for kvalitet i arbejdet for at skabe flere og bedre job. For arbejdstagerne, for de virksomheder og organisationer, der beskæftiger dem, og for samfundet er der fordele forbundet med job af høj kvalitet og omkostninger forbundet med job af dårlig kvalitet.
I 2025 planlægger Europa-Kommissionen at fremlægge en køreplan for kvalitetsjob i samarbejde med arbejdsmarkedets parter med henblik på at "støtte rimelige lønninger, gode arbejdsvilkår, uddannelse og retfærdige jobskift for arbejdstagere og selvstændige. Dette initiativ støtter indsatsen for at styrke EU's konkurrenceevne som skitseret i konkurrenceevnekompasset og skabe kvalitetsjob.
Kommissionens prioritet: Støtte til mennesker, styrkelse af vores samfund og vores sociale modelopens in new tab
Den Internationale Arbejdsorganisation (ILO): Anstændigt arbejdeopens in new tab
Organisationen for Økonomisk Samarbejde og Udvikling (OECD): OECD's beskæftigelsesstrategiopens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: Den europæiske beskæftigelsesstrategiopens in new tab
Dette er et udvalg af de vigtigste resultater for dette emne.
3 September 2025
30 June 2024
Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities, and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change risks are associated with increased exposure to hazards, leading to lower standards of job quality, productivity loss and greater job and work insecurity. Nearly half of workers in the EU will experience profound changes in their job tasks as economies adapt to climate change and climate mitigation strategies are implemented. In addition, work is likely to change as a result of company responses to climate change. These changes in work, while increasing the vulnerability of some workers, offer opportunities to improve some dimensions of job quality. This report outlines the complex relationship between job quality and climate change, including the implication of green tasks in selected sectors.
30 January 2024
Ensuring greater social protection for self-employed people has been the subject of much policy debate in recent years. In 2019, the Council of the European Union adopted a recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed. Sudden reductions in income during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerability of many self-employed workers. Using data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey, this report examines the working conditions of different groups of self-employed people. It analyses measures taken at EU Member State level to better protect self-employed individuals against the risks of unemployment, workplace accidents and sickness, and presents lessons learned from measures implemented during the pandemic.
9 October 2023
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a diverse collection of workers ensured the functioning of our societies. In a time of crisis, they maintained access to healthcare, long-term care and other essential goods and services, including food, water, electricity, the internet and waste treatment. These were the COVID-19 pandemic essential, or critical, workers, many of whom risked their physical and mental health by continuing to go to work during the pandemic.
This policy brief investigates the job quality of these critical workers, making use of unique sources of information, including data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021, data gathered by correspondents from across the Member States and interviews with EU-level social partner representatives from selected sectors. It examines the experiences of work among critical workers during the pandemic, and highlights imminent challenges to the sustainability of their work. The aim is to discover whether these workers are equipped to support society through future shocks and crises.
26 February 2021
This flagship report summarises the key findings of Eurofound’s research on working conditions conducted over the programming period 2017–2020. It maps the progress achieved since 2000 in improving working conditions and examines whether all workers have benefited equally from positive change. It highlights which groups are the most at risk of experiencing poor working conditions and being left behind. Given the changes in the world of work, emerging challenges for good job quality are identified. The report also provides evidence for measures that could lead to the further improvement of work and the achievement of fair working conditions for all in the EU. The analysis shows that, overall, job quality in the EU is improving, if slowly. Not all workers are benefiting to the same extent, however. Furthermore, gender, age and contractual status have a significant bearing on a person’s working conditions. And while digitalisation helps to address some job quality issues, it also creates new challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated trends, reinforcing concerns and highlighting the importance of achieving job quality for all.
2 March 2020
Gender inequality at work persists across Europe, despite the long standing attention paid and efforts made to tackle it. This Eurofound report presents a closer look at women’s and men’s working conditions, using data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and complementing previous Eurofound research on, among other things, working time patterns, work–life balance and workers’ health. Beyond the general differences in the labour market, it highlights many important gaps in men’s and women’s working conditions and job quality which require specific attention. According to the EWCS data, the reduction of gender gaps in those areas showing improvement over the last 5 to 10 years remains limited. European and national strategies aimed at achieving job quality for all, that seek to mainstream gender equality, could help address persistent inequalities between men and women.
12 October 2020
This report is based on the fourth edition of the European Company Survey (ECS), which was carried out jointly by Eurofound and Cedefop in 2019. It describes a wide range of practices and strategies implemented by European companies in terms of work organisation, human resource management, skills use and skills development, and employee voice. The report shows how these practices are combined and how the resulting ‘bundles of practices’ are associated with two outcomes beneficial to employees and employers: workplace well-being and establishment performance.
The analysis finds that the establishments that are most likely to generate this win–win outcome are those that combine a high degree of worker autonomy, a balanced motivational strategy, a comprehensive training and learning strategy, and high levels of direct employee involvement in decision-making, as well as offering managerial support for these practices. To boost the adoption of employee-oriented practices – particularly in relation to autonomy, skills and employee involvement – managers should be offered appropriate support, as they play a key role in the decision to initiate workplace change. They are also crucial to its success, as they must continuously support the workplace practices implemented.
6 May 2019
Job quality is a major focus of policymakers around the world. For workers, the enterprises that employ them and for societies, there are benefits associated with high-quality jobs, and costs associated with poor-quality jobs. This report – the result of a pioneering project by the International Labour Organization and Eurofound – provides a comparative analysis of job quality covering approximately 1.2 billion workers in Europe, Asia and the Americas. It analyses seven dimensions of job quality: the physical environment, work intensity, working time quality, the social environment, skills and development, prospects, and earnings, finding both important differences and similarities between countries. By analysing positive and negative aspects of job quality in different countries and societies, the report provides a way to look beyond national explanations, to see how some groups of workers are affected more than others and understand the particular issues for women workers around the world – in support of evidence-based policymaking to improve job quality.
17 November 2016
Eurofounds forskere leverer ekspertindsigt og kan kontaktes med spørgsmål eller mediehenvendelser.
Jorge Cabrita er senior forskningsleder i Working Life-enheden. Han er ansvarlig for at formulere, koordinere og lede europæisk forskning samt fremme af formidling af resultater inden for arbejdsvilkår og arbejdsmarkedsrelationer. Hans hovedforskningsområder omfatter arbejdsvilkår og jobkvalitet, arbejdstid og balance mellem arbejde og fritid, arbejdstagernes sundhed og trivsel, ligestilling mellem kønnene og de socioøkonomiske konsekvenser af overgangen til en klimaneutral økonomi. Han leder i øjeblikket forskning i udviklingen af arbejdstiden samt social dialog og kollektive forhandlinger under COVID-19-pandemien. Tidligere arbejdede han som forsker ved Center for Studier af Social Intervention og ved Forskningscentret for den portugisiske økonomi ved Lissabons økonomiske skole, samt som træner og konsulent inden for strategisk ledelse, organisationskommunikation, ledelse og teambuilding. Han har en BSc i økonomi og en MSc i Socio-Organizational Systems of Economic Activity fra Lisbon School of Economics.
Agnès Parent-Thirion er seniorforskningsleder i Eurofounds arbejdslivsenhed, der har til opgave at planlægge, udvikle og gennemføre forskningsprojekter om arbejdsvilkår, navnlig den europæiske undersøgelse af arbejdsvilkårene (EWCS) og analyserne heraf. Hun er ansvarlig for den ekstraordinære udgave af EWCS 2021 og for udarbejdelsen af spørgeskemaet til EWCS 2024. Hendes forskningsinteresser omfatter arbejdsforhold, jobkvalitet, overvågning af arbejdsvilkår, arbejdstilrettelæggelse, køn, fremtidens arbejde og tid. Hun har arbejdet inden for europæiske sammenlignende undersøgelser i mere end et årti inden for alle aspekter, herunder design, udvikling af spørgeskemaer, feltarbejde, kvalitetskontrol og analyse. Hun er uddannet i økonomi og ledelse fra Paris IX Dauphine og Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne universiteter og har en postgraduate diplom i statistik fra Trinity College Dublin. Hun har for nylig gennemført onlinekurser om kunstig intelligens: undersøgelsesdrevet ledelse med MIT Sloan Executive Education og 'Les grand enjeux de la transition: re-ouvrir l'horizon, comprendre pour agir' med Campus de la Transition. Før hun kom til Eurofound, arbejdede hun i en årrække i Europa-Kommissionen.
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Den Europæiske Fond for Forbedring af Leve- og Arbejdsvilkår
