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Bæredygtigt arbejde
Bæredygtigt arbejde betyder at opnå leve- og arbejdsforhold, der støtter folk i at engagere sig og forblive i arbejde gennem et langt arbejdsliv. Arbejdet skal transformeres for at eliminere de faktorer, der afskrækker eller hindrer arbejdstagere i at blive i eller træde ind på arbejdsmarkedet. Men også individuelle omstændigheder skal tages i betragtning. Tilgængeligheden af arbejde varierer og vil sandsynligvis ændre sig gennem livets løb. Udfordringen er at matche individets behov og evner med kvaliteten af de job, der tilbydes.
Find det nyeste indhold om dette emne nedenfor.
Beskæftigelse og arbejdsvilkår for de mest sårbare arbejdere: Håndtering af en igangværende politisk udfordring
I løbet af de sidste to årtier har arbejdsmarkederne i hele EU oplevet en markant stigning i ikke-standard beskæftigelse. Selvom sådanne ordninger kan tilbyde fleksibilitet og bedre balance mellem arbejde og privatliv, opstår sårbarhed, når de er ufrivillige eller når flere ikke-standardiserede karakteristika krydser hinanden. Denne rapport analyserer udbredelsen af beskæftigelsessårbarhed i EU-27 fra 2009 til 2021 og undersøger dens sammenhænge med arbejdsvilkår, sundhedsresultater og politiske reaktioner. Resultaterne viser, at kvinder, unge og migranter har størst risiko, hvor personer med flere sårbarhedsdimensioner rapporterer dårligere jobmuligheder, begrænsede uddannelsesmuligheder, mindre autonomi og højere forekomst af angst og depression. Rapporten gennemgår også EU- og nationale politiske tiltag, der sigter mod at styrke kontraktmæssig sikkerhed og støtte overgangen til mere sikre arbejdspladser.Beskæftigelse og arbejdsvilkår for de mest sårbare arbejdstagere
I løbet af de sidste to årtier har de europæiske arbejdsmarkeder gennemgået en betydelig forandring med en markant stigning i ikke-standard former for beskæftigelse som deltids- og midlertidigt arbejde. I denne episode af Eurofound Talks taler Mary McCaughey med Eurofound-eksperten Karel Fric for at undersøge beskæftigelses- og arbejdsvilkårene for de mest sårbare arbejdere.Den uendelige arbejdsdag i det fleksible-arbejdende Europa
En ud af fem arbejdstagere i hele EU rapporterer, at de flere gange om måneden bliver kontaktet af arbejdsrelaterede årsager uden for deres arbejdstid. Denne artikel undersøger sammenhængen mellem kontakt uden for åbningstid og den stigende digitalisering af arbejde.At gøre arbejdet bæredygtigt kræver:
Den mangefacetterede karakter af konceptet bæredygtigt arbejde betyder, at det krydser mange nøgleområder i Eurofounds arbejde. Eurofound har skabt en ramme for forståelsen af begrebet bæredygtigt arbejde, som bruges som referencepunkt for en række forskningsprojekter om dette emne.
Publikation: Bæredygtigt arbejde gennem hele livet: Konceptpapir
Demografisk aldring er en af drivkræfterne bag ambitionen om at øge arbejdsstyrkens deltagelse. Dette afspejles i det nye EU-hovedmål for beskæftigelse for 2030, som er foreslået i den europæiske søjle for sociale rettigheder, handlingsplanen (mindst 78 % af befolkningen i alderen 20–64 år). Med stigende antal pensionister og faldende arbejdsstyrke kan sociale beskyttelsessystemer blive truet. For at sociale støttesystemer kan forblive levedygtige, efterhånden som Europas befolkning ældes, skal flere mennesker arbejde og blive i arbejde længere gennem deres levetid.
Disse mål vil kun blive opnået, hvis arbejdstagerne er i god form, kvalificerede og ansættelsesdygtige samt motiverede til at blive i arbejde længere. Bredere samfundsstøtte skal være på plads for at gøre det muligt for folk at få adgang til arbejde og have en god balance mellem arbejde og privatliv. Jobkvalitet og arbejdsmiljøet er nøglekomponenter for, at alle arbejdstagere kan blive længere på arbejdsmarkedet. Men samspillet mellem disse komponenter og individuelle omstændigheder, såsom sundhed og motivation til at fortsætte arbejdet, er også en væsentlig faktor og bør forstås bedre.
På EU-niveau har bekymringer om bæredygtigheden af pensioner, økonomisk vækst og arbejdsudbud udløst politiske tiltag for at støtte målene om længere arbejdsliv og senere pension. Hovedfokus i Europa-Kommissionens politik for aktiv aldring er at hjælpe folk med at bevare kontrollen over deres eget liv så længe som muligt, efterhånden som de bliver ældre, og hvor det er muligt, at bidrage til økonomien og samfundet.
Den Europæiske Grønne Aftale er den nye europæiske strategi for bæredygtig vækst, som har til formål at gøre det muligt for europæiske borgere at drage fordel af en bæredygtig grøn omstilling. Det betyder, at man investerer i forskning og innovation og forbedrer menneskers trivsel via en vej, der er retfærdig og socialt retfærdig, uden at nogen enkeltperson eller region bliver efterladt.
Europa-Kommissionen: Den Europæiske Søjle for Social Rettigheder Handlingsplanopens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: Det Europæiske Innovationspartnerskab for Aktiv og Sund Aldring (EIP om AHA)opens in new tab
Dette er et udvalg af de vigtigste resultater for dette emne.
26 February 2021
Working conditions and sustainable work: An analysis using the job quality framework
This flagship report summarises the key findings of Eurofound’s research on working conditions conducted over the programming period 2017–2020. It maps the progress achieved since 2000 in improving working conditions and examines whether all workers have benefited equally from positive change. It highlights which groups are the most at risk of experiencing poor working conditions and being left behind. Given the changes in the world of work, emerging challenges for good job quality are identified. The report also provides evidence for measures that could lead to the further improvement of work and the achievement of fair working conditions for all in the EU. The analysis shows that, overall, job quality in the EU is improving, if slowly. Not all workers are benefiting to the same extent, however. Furthermore, gender, age and contractual status have a significant bearing on a person’s working conditions. And while digitalisation helps to address some job quality issues, it also creates new challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated trends, reinforcing concerns and highlighting the importance of achieving job quality for all.
2 March 2020
Gender equality at work
Gender inequality at work persists across Europe, despite the long standing attention paid and efforts made to tackle it. This Eurofound report presents a closer look at women’s and men’s working conditions, using data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and complementing previous Eurofound research on, among other things, working time patterns, work–life balance and workers’ health. Beyond the general differences in the labour market, it highlights many important gaps in men’s and women’s working conditions and job quality which require specific attention. According to the EWCS data, the reduction of gender gaps in those areas showing improvement over the last 5 to 10 years remains limited. European and national strategies aimed at achieving job quality for all, that seek to mainstream gender equality, could help address persistent inequalities between men and women.
17 April 2019
Seniority-based entitlements: Extent, policy debates and research
Seniority systems – schemes that allot improving employment rights or benefits to employees as their length of employment increases – have not been widely studied. This report provides the first comprehensive study comparing the design and spread of seniority-based entitlements (SBEs) in Europe and mapping related policy debates. It is primarily based on contributions from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents, covering the 28 EU Member States and Norway, but also presents aggregate seniority-earnings curves for the EU based on data from the Structure of Earnings Survey. The aim of the report is to take stock of the currently existing different types of SBEs in the private and public sectors. It concludes that despite an obvious trend to remove them from regulations or reform them, a substantial amount of such entitlements is here to stay. Paradoxically, countries which have regulations on seniority pay in place tend to have flatter aggregate seniority-earnings curves than countries without such regulations.
21 December 2017
Working conditions of workers of different ages
Demographic change is changing the face of working life across the EU. The increased demand on a shrinking pool of workers to provide for the social needs of an ageing population is leading to increases in the employment rate of older workers and a lengthening of working life. Policy reforms have – on the whole – focused on raising the statutory retirement age and providing financial incentives for older workers to remain in work beyond retirement age. However, a range of other factors also influence workers’ decision to continue working into old age – including health and well-being, work–life balance, career prospects and job security, and working conditions such as autonomy, hours of work and psychosocial aspects of the workplace. This report analyses these factors in depth for the 28 EU Member States, using data from the latest European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS 2015) and in the context of Eurofound’s concept of ‘sustainable work over the life course’.
18 September 2017
Working time patterns for sustainable work
Working time is a recurrent topic of study because the nature of work, its content, the conditions under which it is performed and the labour market itself keep changing. This report provides an overview of the recent evolution of working time duration and organisation in the EU and highlights the most important trends and differences between Member States. Through an in-depth analysis of data from the sixth European Working Conditions Survey carried out in 2015, it examines – from a gender and life course perspective – the links between working time patterns, work–life balance and working time preferences, on the one hand, and workers’ health and well-being on the other. Finally, the report explores the extent to which prevailing working conditions and working time patterns in EU Member States are sustainable in the long term.
17 November 2016
Sixth European Working Conditions Survey – Overview report
9 September 2016
Extending working lives through flexible retirement schemes: Partial retirement
Many EU Member States have implemented reforms to improve the sustainability of their pension systems. However, the impact of discouraging early retirement and increasing the pension age on effective retirement ages is limited, as many people are unable or unmotivated to work until pension age. Reduction of working time is one approach to enabling people to work longer than would have been feasible if they continued working full time. But a barrier to reduction of hours is the loss of income. Partial retirement schemes address this barrier by substituting part of the income loss with a partial pension or benefits. This report investigates how partial retirement schemes can contribute to sustainable and adequate pension systems by enabling and motivating people to extend their working lives. It maps schemes at the national and sector levels in the EU and Norway, examines their characteristics and assesses their impact on the extension of working lives. An executive summary is available - see Related content.
27 July 2016
Sustainable work throughout the life course: National policies and strategies
European countries face the challenges of ageing populations supported by shrinking workforces, more precarious types of employment, and in many cases, a decreasing number of jobs in the wake of the economic crisis. As a result, the issue of how to enable more people to participate in the labour market and to continue to do so until an older age has become a key policy issue in all EU Member States. These challenges might be met by adopting an approach to work that puts sustainability at its centre. Sustainable work means that ‘living and working conditions are such that they support people in engaging and remaining in work throughout an extended working life’. This study analyses national policies that help to achieve sustainable work in 10 EU Member States. It looks at how these policies are being implemented, whether they are integrated into a coherent framework, and whether they are complementary or contradictory.
19 June 2015
Sustainable work over the life course: Concept paper
Ageing of the population is likely to threaten the ability of states to finance welfare states and social protection systems in the future. A viable solution is to increase employment rates and to lengthen working life. To achieve this dual goal requires devising new solutions for working conditions and career paths that help workers to retain their physical and mental health, motivation and productivity over an extended working life. In other words, work must be made sustainable over the life course. Identifying and analysing the factors and actions underpinning sustainable work throughout working life is a research priority for Eurofound in the 2013–2016 programming period. This paper sets out to clarify and illuminate Eurofound’s framework for understanding the rather expansive concept of sustainable work. It can be used as a reference point for a range of Eurofound research projects that examine different aspects of sustainable work.
Eurofounds forskere leverer ekspertindsigt og kan kontaktes med spørgsmål eller mediehenvendelser.
Barbara Gerstenberger
Head of UnitBarbara Gerstenberger er leder af Eurofounds arbejdslivsenhed. I denne rolle koordinerer hun de forskerhold, der undersøger jobkvalitet i Europa på grundlag af den europæiske undersøgelse af arbejdsvilkårene, og har det overordnede ansvar for Det Europæiske Observationscenter for Arbejdsliv og forskning i arbejdsmarkedsrelationer i EU. Hun kom til Eurofound i 2001 som forskningsleder i det dengang nyoprettede Europæiske Overvågningscenter for Forandring (EMCC). I 2007 flyttede hun til Eurofounds informations- og kommunikationsenhed som chef for kommunikationsprodukter, inden hun blev udnævnt til koordinator i direktoratet i 2011. Tidligere arbejdede hun som seniorforsker i European Metalworkers' Federation i Bruxelles. Hun er uddannet i statskundskab fra Hamborg Universitet og har en kandidatgrad i offentlig administration ved Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
Franz Ferdinand Eiffe
Research managerFranz Eiffe er forskningsleder i Eurofounds arbejdslivsenhed. Han er involveret i projekter om bæredygtigt arbejde, kvantitative analyser og opadgående konvergens i EU samt i udarbejdelsen af den fjerde europæiske virksomhedsundersøgelse. Før han kom til Eurofound i 2016, var han kontorchef for "Analyse" hos Østrigs Statistik i Wien og projektleder for "Hvordan er Østrig? Måling af velstand og fremskridt ud over BNP". Han har en ph.d. i økonomi fra Wiens Økonomiske Universitet (WU), hvor han også arbejdede som forskningsassistent fra 2005 til 2009 og lektor indtil 2016.
Sara Grubanov-Boskovic
Research officerSara Grubanov-Boskovic er forskningsmedarbejder i Working Life-enheden hos Eurofound og bidrager til projekter om hjemmearbejde, arbejdstid, levevilkår og EU's udvidelse. Før hun kom til Eurofound, arbejdede hun som policymedarbejder ved OECD Istanbul Centre inden for Global Relations Directorate og som videnskabelig projektmedarbejder ved Europa-Kommissionens Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography. Som postdoc ved Universitetet i Torino fokuserede hendes forskning på kompetencemismatch, mens hun som gæsteforsker ved Det Hebraiske Universitet i Jerusalem arbejdede med demografisk overgang og befolkningsaldring. Sara har en ph.d. i befolknings- og økonomisk udvikling fra University of Bari.
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