Just transition
Just transition is the term used to describe the transition to a climate-neutral economy while securing the future and livelihoods of workers and their communities. A just transition to a climate-neutral economy provides and guarantees better and decent jobs, social protection, more training opportunities and greater job security for all workers affected by global warming and climate change policies.
Encuentre el contenido más reciente sobre este tema a continuación.
Mapeando la política pública de comportamiento verde en la UE
Este documento traza hasta qué punto los Estados miembros han desarrollado capacidad para desarrollar y aplicar políticas informadas en el comportamiento. Encuentra disparidades sustanciales en toda la UE, con un patrón preocupante: los países bajo mayor presión de transición suelen ser los menos preparados para diseñar políticas centradas en el ser humano que la alivien.El sector de las TI en el centro: Evolución de la fuerza laboral digital de la UE
El sector TIC está impulsando la digitalización y la adopción de la IA en toda Europa, pero la escasez de mano de obra cualificada está frenando su crecimiento. Este informe examina el empleo y las condiciones laborales de los especialistas en TIC y los desafíos que están dando forma a uno de los sectores más críticos de la UE.Social implications of the just transition: Citizen support, behavioural adaptation, and policy impact in Europe
This research report examines Europeans’ experiences of the green transition at a time when competitiveness has become a central EU policy priority. Using quantitative analysis of EU-wide data, it identifies who supports green policies, who is changing behaviour, and who risks being left behind. Combining this with a comparative policy analysis across all 27 Member States, including reflections on the use of behavioural insights in green public policy, the report highlights critical gaps and provides evidence-based guidance for aligning competitiveness with an effective and equitable green transition.Eurofound's research is shaped by the key challenges for social cohesion and a just transition in a changing environment. It covers the areas of working conditions, industrial relations, employment and living conditions, providing evidence that can assist policy action.
Main topics linked with the move towards a just transition include working conditions and sustainable work, employment and labour markets, digitalisation, the future of manufacturing, people’s living conditions and well-being, restructuring, skills and training and youth, among others. Research findings could potentially feed into the work of the Just Transition Platform, which assists EU Member States and regions to unlock the support available through the Just Transition Mechanism.
Eurofound also collaborates with the European Environment Agency (EEA) on research around the transition to a climate-neutral economy, in particular environmental and socioeconomic convergence.
A just transition at European level focuses on two core issues for transition, moving towards a green and digital Europe where no one will be left behind.
As a committed party to the Paris Climate Agreement, the EU submitted its long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in March 2020. It sets out the extent of the transition across sectors and regions and lays the ground for designing a just transition.
European Commission: 2050 long-term strategyopens in new tab
Green and digital transition
At the heart of the EU’s long-term strategy is the European Green Deal, which is one of six European Commission priorities for 2019–2024 and the compass to guide Member States towards a green transition that is fair for all citizens. It will contribute to the financing of the transition that Europe faces through its Just Transition Mechanism. In the political guidelines for the next European Commission 2024–2029, Ursula von der Leyen reiterated the importance of staying the course with the European Green Deal goals and committed to a significant increase in funding for a just transition across the next long-term budget. This will go hand in hand with the development of a Quality Jobs Roadmap.
European Commision: Political Guidelines 2024–2029opens in new tab
Responding to the way digital technology is changing our lives, another Commission priority is to create a Europe fit for the digital age, leading the transition to a healthy planet and a new digital world through its European Digital Strategy.
Strong social Europe for just transitions
In January 2020, the European Commission presented its Communication ‘A strong social Europe for just transitions’. This vision to reinforce social Europe prepared the way for an Action Plan to implement the European Pillar of Social Rights, which is the European social strategy to make sure that the ‘transitions of climate neutrality, digitalisation and demographic change are socially fair and just’.
Eurofound’s work related to the just transition links in with several of the Commission’s 2019–2024 priorities, and is highly relevant here.
European Commission: A European Green Dealopens in new tab
European Commission: An economy that works for peopleopens in new tab
European Commission: A Europe fit for the digital ageopens in new tab
Esta es una selección de los resultados más importantes para este tema.
Watch the webinar - Eurofound LIVE: Is Europe's green transition in jeopardy?
2 August 2023
Green, clean and keen to converge? A convergence analysis of environmental quality of life in the EU
This report explores the dynamics of the environmental performance of the EU Member States and the extent to which the disparities in their performance have narrowed since the early 2000s. The report is a product of cooperation between Eurofound and the European Environment Agency, with the technical expertise in convergence of the former meeting the expertise in European environmental issues of the latter. It focuses on three levels of analysis: headline indicators, residential-level indicators and household-level indicators. In order to explore the multifaceted issue of environmental quality of life in the EU, the report investigates environmental indicators through a convergence analysis. The results suggest that the EU is on the right track to becoming carbon neutral, although the speed of the greening process varies among the Member States. A fast and steady improvement in performance can be seen for most of the indicators. One noteworthy finding is that the economic downturns of the past two decades negatively affected the household-level indicators examined, which focused on energy poverty.
19 July 2023
Supporting regions in the just transition: Role of social partners
This report investigates the involvement of social partners in the just transition to a climate-neutral economy, with a particular focus on the territorial just transition plans. These plans aim to support the regions most negatively affected by the just transition by assisting workers to retrain, relocate and find other jobs, and also support industries that need to phase out fossil fuels or other greenhouse gas-intensive activities. The role and input of the social partners in these plans and their views on the just transition are explored. An analysis of social dialogue practices and examples of collective agreements shows the range of topics covered by the social partners. The report also investigates the role of the energy crisis in the just transition and how it has contributed to delays in the implementation of territorial just transition plans in certain Member States.
Los investigadores de Eurofound proporcionan conocimientos expertos y se les puede contactar para preguntas o solicitudes de los medios de comunicación.
Marianna Baggio
Research officerMarianna Baggio es investigadora en la unidad de Políticas Sociales de Eurofound, y trabaja en aspectos de la Encuesta Europea de Calidad de Vida (EQLS), así como en los temas de transparencia salarial de género y cuidados informales. Antes de incorporarse a Eurofound, trabajó como analista de políticas en el Centro de Competencia para la Comprensión del Comportamiento del Centro Común de Investigación de la Comisión Europea. Ha trabajado como postdoc en la Universidad Vita-Salute San Raffaele (Milán) y en la Universidad de Trento. También aporta una amplia experiencia de un puesto anterior como oficial de responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC) en Sudáfrica. Marianna es doctora en Economía y Gestión por la Universidad de Trento, especializada en economía del comportamiento.
Massimiliano Mascherini
Head of UnitMassimiliano Mascherini es jefe de la unidad de Políticas Sociales en Eurofound desde octubre de 2019. Se incorporó a Eurofound en 2009 como responsable de investigación, diseñando y coordinando proyectos sobre empleo juvenil, NEETs e igualdad de género. En 2017, se convirtió en director senior de investigación y lideró nuevas investigaciones sobre la convergencia de monitorización en la UE. Además, lideró la conceptualización de la Encuesta Europea de Calidad de Vida 2026. En 2025, recibió el premio Brendan Walsh al mejor artículo publicado en Economic and Social Review. Anteriormente, fue responsable científico en el Centro Conjunto de Investigación de la Comisión Europea. Estudió en la Universidad de Florencia, donde se especializó en ciencias actuariales y estadísticas y obtuvo un doctorado en Estadística Aplicada. En 2014, obtuvo la titulación científica como Profesor Asociado de Estadística Social y Demografía en el Ministerio de Universidad e Investigación italiano. Ha sido investigador visitante en la Universidad de Sídney y en la Universidad de Aalborg, y profesor visitante en la Pontificia Academia de Ciencias Sociales.
Tina Weber
Senior research managerTina Weber is a senior research manager in Eurofound’s Working Life unit. Her work has focused on labour shortages, the impact of hybrid work and an ‘always on’ culture and the right to disconnect, working conditions and social protection measures for self-employed workers and the impact of the twin transitions on employment, working conditions and industrial relations. She is responsible for studies assessing the representativeness of European social partner organisations. She has also carried out research on European Works Councils and the evolution of industrial relations and social dialogue in the European Union. Prior to joining Eurofound in 2019, she worked for a private research institute primarily carrying out impact assessments and evaluations of EU labour law and labour market policies. Tina holds a PhD in Political Sciences from the University of Edinburgh which focussed on the role of national trade unions and employers’ organisations in the European social dialogue.
Stavroula Demetriades
Senior research managerStavroula Demetriades es directora de investigación sénior en la unidad de Empleo de Eurofound. Es responsable de la investigación en los ámbitos de la transición ecológica y justa, el diálogo social, las prácticas de gestión, la innovación y el trabajo híbrido. Tiene un doctorado en Sociología de la Universidad de Aalborg, Dinamarca. También tiene una maestría en Políticas Económicas del Trinity College de Dublín y una maestría en Desarrollo Regional de la Universidad de Atenas. Antes de incorporarse a Eurofound en 1999, trabajó en institutos de investigación, en diferentes puestos en los sectores público y privado, y realizó estudios organizativos y socioeconómicos. Sus principales intereses de investigación incluyen la transición ecológica y justa, la gestión de recursos humanos, los sistemas de trabajo, la innovación, el empleo y el diálogo social. También es profesora adjunta en la Escuela de Negocios del University College de Dublín.
Esta sección proporciona acceso a todo el contenido que se ha publicado sobre el tema.
