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Condițiile de muncă și munca durabilă

Condițiile de muncă și munca durabilă reprezintă una din cele șase activități principale din programul de activitate al Eurofound pentru perioada 2021-2024. Eurofound va continua să funcționeze ca centru de expertiză pentru urmărirea și analiza evoluțiilor din acest domeniu, inclusiv a efectului crizei provocate de pandemia de COVID-19 asupra condițiilor de muncă și calității locurilor de muncă, precum și asupra activității profesionale.

În perioada 2021-2024, Eurofound va oferi informații importante cu privire la provocările și perspectivele legate de condițiile de muncă și de munca durabilă în UE. Pe baza competenței dobândite de mult timp în acest domeniu, Eurofound va analiza tendințele și progresele de-a lungul timpului și va identifica preocupările emergente legate de condițiile de muncă și de calitatea locurilor de muncă. Analiza va cuprinde diferite țări, sectoare, ocupații și categorii de lucrători pe teme ca organizarea muncii și telemuncaprogramul de lucruechilibrul dintre viața profesională și viața personalătratamentul egalsănătatea și starea de bine la locul de muncăcompetențe și formarevenituri și perspective și satisfacția muncii. Formele atipice de muncă vor constitui o temă specială, în special activitatea independentă.

Având în vedere dificultatea demografică pe care o reprezintă pentru UE îmbătrânirea populației și diversitatea din ce în ce mai mare a vieții profesionale, Eurofound va continua să examineze factorii care favorizează rămânerea lucrătorilor cât mai mult timp în câmpul muncii. Va aduce, de asemenea, în centrul atenției îmbunătățirea calității muncii ca factor favorizant pentru creșterea ratei de activitate și creșterea motivației angajaților, care contribuie la munca sustenabilă de-a lungul vieții.

Legăturile dintre muncă și sănătate vor fi analizate în strânsă consultare cu Agenția Europeană pentru Securitate și Sănătate în Muncă (EU-OSHA). Eurofound își propune să valorifice colaborarea sa cu Organizația Internațională a Muncii (OIM) cu privire la aspecte legate de viitorul muncii și al condițiilor de muncă la nivel mondial.

„Veștile sunt în general bune, deoarece condițiile de muncă din Uniunea Europeană se îmbunătățesc — deși foarte încet — dar problema este că acest lucru nu este neapărat valabil pentru toate categoriile de lucrători. Depinde foarte mult în ce sector lucrați, depinde de nivelul de studii și, sincer, depinde și dacă sunteți bărbat sau femeie.”

Barbara Gerstenberger, șefa unității „Viața profesională”

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Principalele mesaje de politică

Infografic 2021

Principalele constatări ale cercetării Eurofound sunt o contribuție la abordarea unor aspecte-cheie din acest domeniu de către factorii de decizie politică.

  • Îmbunătățirea condițiilor de muncă este esențială pentru lucrători și angajatori. Trebuie luate în considerare numeroase aspecte diferite în ceea ce privește calitatea locurilor de muncă. Locurile de muncă de bună calitate le permit oamenilor să aibă o viață profesională mai lungă și mai bună, contribuind la o activitate durabilă și la un echilibru pozitiv între viața profesională și cea personală.
  • În general, condițiile de muncă din UE se îmbunătățesc, chiar dacă ritmul progreselor este treptat. Pentru anumite categorii de lucrători, progresele nu au fost așa de rapide, în funcție de tipul de contract de muncă, de sector și de nivelul de instruire.
  • Există multe mijloace de îmbunătățire a condițiilor de muncă și a calității locurilor de muncă în UE. Guvernele au, desigur, un rol important de jucat în stabilirea cadrului pe calea reglementării. Dar și lucrătorii, angajatorii și organizațiile lor sunt actori importanți. În multe privințe ale calității locului de muncă, schimbările se produc la locul de muncă.
  • Doar o cincime din întreprinderile europene au găsit secretul nivelului optim de stare de bine la locul de muncă și de performanță economică. S-a demonstrat că locurile de muncă cu grad mare de dedicare și implicare oferă cele mai bune rezultate pentru lucrători și angajatori, mărind performanța și îmbunătățind calitatea locurilor de muncă prin creșterea autonomiei angajaților, facilitarea implicării angajaților și promovarea formării și învățării.
  • Multora le este greu să împace îndatoririle profesionale cu cele neprofesionale, în special părinților și altor îngrijitori. Deși formulele flexibile de lucru pot contribui la soluționarea acestor dificultăți, ele comportă și probleme. Munca la distanță, de exemplu, permite mai multă libertate în alegerea momentului și locului de muncă, dar poate duce și la un program prelungit și intensitate mai mare a muncii și deconectarea mai dificilă de muncă.
  • Creșterea incidenței telemuncii în timpul pandemiei COVID-19 a evidențiat estomparea granițelor dintre viața profesională și cea personală. Multe guverne și mulți parteneri sociali discută introducerea de inițiative ca „dreptul la deconectare” pentru a evita riscul de epuizare fizică și emoțională pentru segmente mari de lucrători.
  • Pe viitor, partenerii sociali ar trebui să vizeze includerea în cadre sau acorduri juridice a unor dispoziții pentru lucrători cu privire la caracterul voluntar al telemuncii sau la adecvarea sarcinilor specifice pentru munca la distanță. Vor fi esențiale, de asemenea, clarificarea modului în care angajatorii pot contribui la cheltuielile ocazionate de munca de acasă, precum și garantarea remunerării egale și a accesului la formare pentru cei care lucrează de la distanță.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects related to working conditions and sustainable work in the EU. Building on long-established expertise in this area, Eurofound will look at trends and progress over time and identify emerging concerns around working conditions and job quality. The analysis will cover different countries, sectors, occupations and groups of workers on issues such as work organisation and teleworkingworking timework–life balanceequal treatmentworkplace health and well-beingskills and trainingearnings and prospects, and job satisfaction. Non-standard forms of employment will be a specific focus, particularly self-employment.

In light of the EU’s demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life, Eurofound will continue to explore the factors enabling more workers to stay in employment longer. It will also put the spotlight on improving job quality as an enabler of greater labour market participation and increased employee motivation, contributing to sustainable work over the life course.

The links between work and health will be investigated in close consultation with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound aims to build on its collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on issues around the future of work and working conditions at global level.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to improve working conditions and job quality, while progressing towards sustainable work, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels in the areas of work and employment. It focuses on identifying pressing issues and specific groups at risk and analysing selected elements.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a robust social Europe. In particular, Eurofound’s research will support policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and activities linked to, among other initiatives, the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the reinforced Youth Guarantee, the Youth Employment Support package, the skills agenda, as well as innovation and job creation and the European Commission’s proposal for adequate minimum wages in the EU.

Eurofound research

Eurofound continues to monitor developments in working conditions, with a particular focus on improvements in the job quality of older workers, the challenges associated with specific types of self-employment and the longer-term structural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

In 2024, fieldwork commences for the newest edition of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which includes questions on working conditions and work–life outcomes relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The first results are planned for the end of 2024. 

Final analysis of data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS) feeds into three studies in 2024: an analysis of working conditions and work practices in the hybrid workplace; an investigation of changing working time patterns; and an examination of the job quality of older workers.

Research commences on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe, examining levels of digitalisation, digital skills, innovation and training strategies. This research assesses how workers in SMEs compare to the average in terms of working conditions, job quality, digital skills and take-up of training. 

Research in 2024 also aims to identify the most vulnerable group of workers by examining employment relationships that combine several unfavourable characteristics. The research investigates the job quality of workers in these employment relationships, their access to social protection and training, as well as ways to support the transition to more secure forms of employment. 
 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Publications results (567)

The post-pandemic recovery of Europe continued in 2023, with strong job creation despite subdued economic growth, against a background of rising geopolitical tension. Eurofound’s research over the year brought to light evidence on the key issues shaping the daily lives and work of Europeans.

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Ensuring greater social protection for self-employed people has been the subject of much policy debate in recent years. In 2019, the Council of the European Union adopted a recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed. Sudden reductions in income during the COVID-1

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Using data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 and building on a theoretical model that differentiates between job stressors and job resources, this report examines key psychosocial risks in the workplace and their impact on health.

23 November 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a diverse collection of workers ensured the functioning of our societies. In a time of crisis, they maintained access to healthcare, long-term care and other essential goods and services, including food, water, electricity, the internet and waste treatment.

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Anul 2022 a început cu un optimism prudent. Europa ieșea din cei doi ani ai pandemiei de COVID-19, iar NextGenerationEU prezenta un plan de redresare pentru construirea unui viitor puternic și durabil. Atacul Rusiei asupra Ucrainei de la începutul anului a schimbat însă situația în mod dramatic

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Online resources results (1778)

Latvia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The drafting of the State budget (including discussions on the minimum wage), civil service reforms, an agreement on the State revenue system and debates on social insurance are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Norway: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A series of strikes related to the biennial renegotiation of national collective agreements, an increase in temporary employment and the changing use of occupational health services are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Finland: Latest working life developments - Q3 2016

A trial of a new basic income, budgetary proposals to reduce unemployment, and conflicts between Akava and other trade union confederations are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Finland in the third quarter of 2016.

Croatia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The general election result, industrial relations developments, equality in the workplace, what makes a good employer, trade union education and moves to improve social dialogue are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Estonia: Latest working life developments - Q3 2016

A new three-year sectoral collective agreement for bus drivers, concerns about transposition of the Enforcement Directive, and social policy reforms are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Estonia in the third quarter

Slovenia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Wage negotiations in the public sector, the suspension of dialogue between employer organisations and the government over tax amendments, and protests by assistant kindergarten teachers regarding pay are among the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

Cyprus: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A strike by primary school teachers and the resumption of public service recruitment are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Cyprus in the third quarter of 2016.

Austria: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers, together with discussions about the types of jobs unemployed people should accept, are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Austria in the third quarter of

EU Level: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Issues related to work–life balance, the launch of the public consultation on social rules in road transport and some developments in social dialogue are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the European Union in the

Slovakia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

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Upcoming publications results (4)

This policy brief investigates how organisations are adapting their work organisation and practices to hybrid work. Based on case studies and on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2024, the policy brief examines how hybrid work is being managed in organisations and profiles t

April 2025

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024

Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change is associated with higher

July 2024
Data results (1)

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