Nove oblike zaposlitve
Nove oblike zaposlovanja so krovni izraz za bolj raznolike oblike zaposlovanja, ki se pojavljajo ali pridobivajo na pomenu od približno leta 2000. Poleg tradicionalnih delovnih razmerij so za nove oblike dela značilni spreminjajoči se delovni vzorci, pogodbena razmerja, kraji, trajanje in urnik dela, povečana uporaba informacijskih in komunikacijskih tehnologij (IKT) ali njihova kombinacija.
Najnovejše vsebine na to temo so navedene spodaj.
Omejena prilagodljivost: Prisilna nestandardna zaposlitev v Evropski uniji
Ta članek analizira pojavnost, trende in mikrogonilnike prisilne nestandardne zaposlitve (INE) med državami članicami EU med letoma 2006 in 2024, pri čemer uporablja sestavljen kazalnik, ki zajema delavce, zaposlene prisilno na podlagi začasnih pogodb, pri delu s krajšim delovnim časom ali v obeh primerih.Gender differences in motivation to engage in platform work
The rise of the platform economy during the last decade is one of the main disrupting forces for European labour markets. While standard employment remains the norm, platforms are expanding their reach and diversifying into novel business models. In doing so, they are also attracting an increasing number of women. This policy brief investigates why women are joining the platform economy and how the motivations to perform work on platforms differ between genders. It shows that while women join platforms to gain an additional income and because it allows them the flexibility to combine work with household chores or family commitments, men are driven by the opportunities provided by platforms to work globally and to expand their client base. At the same time, findings suggest that online platforms seem to provide women with a link to the labour market that can potentially prevent their withdrawal from the labour force during different life stages. These findings suggest that policy action should focus on extending working hours regulations and work–life balance measures to all platform workers, irrespective of employment status, and promote equal sharing of care responsibilities between women and men.
Nestandardna zaposlitev v EU: Vrste, trendi in delovni pogoji
To poročilo ponuja pregled trendov v novih in nestandardnih oblikah dela po vsej Evropski uniji. Na podlagi razpoložljivih primerjalnih evropskih podatkovnih nizov kartira nedavne spremembe v teh delovnih ureditvah in analizira njihove posledice za kakovost delovnih mest. Poročilo prav tako preučuje ukrepe socialnih partnerjev v zadnjih letih za reševanje izzivov, ki jih prinašajo nove in nestandardne oblike dela.Da bi zapolnil obstoječe vrzeli v znanju, Eurofound od leta 2013 raziskuje značilnosti nastajajočih oblik zaposlitve v državah članicah EU. Raziskava proučuje posledice za delovne pogoje in trg dela.
Družbene, gospodarske in tehnološke spremembe v Evropi so povzročile nove oblike zaposlovanja. Pandemija covida-19 je privedla tudi do povečanja obsega in obsega novih oblik zaposlitve. Mnogi od njih se zelo razlikujejo od tradicionalnega "dela". Preoblikujejo tradicionalni odnos ena na ena med delodajalcem in zaposlenim. Zanje so značilni tudi nekonvencionalni delovni vzorci in delovna mesta.
Oblikovalce politik v EU zanima, kako lahko te nove oblike zaposlitve pripomorejo k vzpostavitvi odpornejšega in vključujočega trga dela. Razprava se vrti tudi o tem, kako zagotoviti ustrezno socialno zaščito in dostojne delovne pogoje. Ključnega pomena v razpravi je, kako se izogniti razmeram, v katerih bi bile te nove oblike zaposlitve za delavce manj ugodne kot bolj uveljavljene vrste zaposlitve.
Evropska komisija, Evropski parlament in Svet so leta 2017 razglasili evropski steber socialnih pravic, v katerem je bilo določenih 20 temeljnih načel, ki so bistvena za dobro delovanje trgov dela. V priloženem akcijskem načrtu za leto 2021 je navedeno, da digitalizacija in spremembe, ki jih je pandemija prinesla v svet dela, zahtevajo široko politično razpravo, ki se ne bo osredotočila le na raven udeležbe na trgu dela, temveč tudi na ustrezne delovne pogoje, ki podpirajo kakovostna delovna mesta.
Komisija je vprašanje delovnih pogojev izpostavila tudi v svojem sporočilu z naslovom "Oblikovanje digitalne prihodnosti Evrope". Dobri delovni pogoji so v središču uspešnega digitalnega prehoda, ki bi spodbujal inovacije in tehnološko razpršenost.
Evropska komisija: Akcijski načrt za evropski steber socialnih pravicopens in new tab
Evropska komisija: Evropski steber socialnih pravic v 20 načelihopens in new tab
EUR-Lex: Sporočilo o oblikovanju digitalne prihodnosti Evropeopens in new tab
Eurofoundovo delo v zvezi z novimi oblikami zaposlovanja je povezano s prednostno nalogo Komisije za obdobje 2019–2024 o Evropi, pripravljeni na digitalno dobo.
Evropska komisija: Evropa, pripravljena na digitalno doboopens in new tab
To je izbor najpomembnejših ugotovitev v zvezi s to temo.
Watch the webinar - #EurofoundLIVE: Regulating platform work – The EU’s big balancing act
2 December 2021
Initiatives to improve conditions for platform workers: Aims, methods, strengths and weaknesses
The rapid rise of the platform economy has led to a marked transformation of European labour markets, and existing regulatory frameworks and voluntary initiatives have yet to catch up. While platform work offers opportunities for workers and employers and potentially contributes to innovation, economic growth and competitiveness in the EU, it has been criticised from the beginning because of the poor employment and working conditions often experienced by workers. Accordingly, across the EU, governments, social partners, grassroots organisations and platforms have started to introduce initiatives to tackle the negative aspects of platform work. This policy brief assesses some such initiatives in the Member States and offers recommendations for further action.
15 December 2020
New forms of employment: 2020 update
Although standard employment (generally full-time and permanent) remains the dominant employment type across the EU, European labour markets are increasingly characterised by a variety of different forms. These new forms of employment involve new formal employment relationships or work patterns (linked to aspects such as place of work, working time or use of ICT) and sometimes both. This report puts the spotlight on nine innovative employment forms across the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the UK. It examines the policy frameworks of each country, as well as mapping the scale and scope of the incidence of these new forms and highlighting the main opportunities and risks associated with each form. The report concludes with some policy recommendations taking into account the future of work that will be shaped by the twin transition to the digital age and a carbon-neutral economy, as well as a new way of working due to COVID-19.
20 September 2020
Back to the future: Policy pointers from platform work scenarios
Platform work– the matching of supply and demand for paid labour through an online platform – is still small in scale but is expected to grow. Accordingly, it is important to anticipate the opportunities and risks related to this business model and employment form. This report explores potential scenarios for two selected types of platform work by 2030, drawing on Eurofound’s ‘Future scenarios of platform work’ project. It assesses the expected implications for the economy, labour market and society if these potential futures were realised. On this basis, policy pointers show what could be done to facilitate desirable and avoid undesirable futures. These policy pointers consider how to capitalise on the opportunities inherent in on-location platform work, the need for regulatory clarity and enforcement, issues around worker representation, and the embeddedness of platform work in the digital age.
16 January 2020
Telework and ICT-based mobile work: Flexible working in the digital age
Advances in ICT have opened the door to new ways of organising work. We are shifting from a regular, bureaucratic and ‘factory-based’ working time pattern towards a more flexible model of work. Telework and ICT-based mobile work (TICTM) has emerged in this transition, giving workers and employers the ability to adapt the time and location of work to their needs. Despite the flexibility and higher level of worker autonomy inherent in TICTM, there are risks that this work arrangement leads to the deterioration of work–life balance, higher stress levels and failing worker health. This report analyses the employment and working conditions of workers with TICTM arrangements, focusing on how it affects their work–life balance, health, performance and job prospects. While policymakers in many EU countries are debating TICTM and its implications, the study finds that only a few have implemented new regulations to prevent TICTM from having a negative impact on the well-being of workers.
28 January 2020
The pandora’s box of the platform economy
Raziskovalci agencije Eurofound zagotavljajo strokovno znanje in jih je mogoče kontaktirati za vprašanja ali poizvedbe medijev.
Cesira Urzì Brancati
Research officerCesira Urzì Brancati je raziskovalka v enoti za zaposlovanje pri Eurofoundu. Njeni raziskovalni interesi vključujejo vpliv tehnologije na zaposlovanje in digitalizacijo dela, s poudarkom na digitalnih delovnih platformah, digitalnem nadzoru in algoritmičnem upravljanju. Specializira se za mikroekonometriko, oblikovanje vprašalnikov in analizo podatkov anket. Preden se je leta 2024 pridružila Eurofoundu, je Cesira delala v Skupnem raziskovalnem centru Evropske komisije v Sevilli, v Mednarodnem centru za dolgoživost v Londonu, na Univerzi v Modeni in Reggio Emilia ter na Univerzi v Torinu. Ima magisterij in doktorat iz mednarodne ekonomije z Univerze Tor Vergata v Rimu.
Dragoș Adăscăliței
Research officerDragoș Adăscăliței je raziskovalka v enoti za zaposlovanje pri Eurofoundu. Njegove trenutne raziskave se osredotočajo na teme, povezane s prihodnostjo dela, vključno z vplivom umetne inteligence na delovna mesta, posledicami avtomatizacije za zaposlovanje in regulativnimi vprašanji, povezanimi z delom na platformah. Redno prispeva tudi k primerjalnim projektom, ki spremljajo strukturne spremembe na evropskih trgih dela. Preden se je pridružil Eurofoundu, je bil predavatelj delovnih odnosov na Univerzi v Sheffieldu, Šoli za management. Ima magisterij iz političnih ved na Central European University in doktorat iz sociologije na University of Mannheim.
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