Socialni partnerji
"Socialni partnerji" je izraz, ki se v Evropi običajno uporablja za predstavnike socialnih partnerjev (organizacije delodajalcev in sindikate) ter v nekaterih okoliščinah javne organe, ki sodelujejo v socialnem dialogu. Izraz "evropski socialni partnerji" se posebej nanaša na tiste organizacije na ravni EU, ki sodelujejo v evropskem socialnem dialogu iz členov 154 in 155 Pogodbe o delovanju Evropske unije (PDEU). Socialni partnerji imajo ključno vlogo pri upravljanju delovnih razmerij in so ključni akterji v sistemih odnosov med delodajalci in delojemalci. V večini držav članic EU oblikujejo delovne pogoje in vplivajo na socialno politiko, bodisi s kolektivnimi pogajanji bodisi s tristranskim socialnim dialogom. So prepleteni deli sistema upravljanja na več ravneh, ki vključuje evropsko, nacionalno, sektorsko, regionalno (pokrajinsko ali lokalno), raven podjetij in podjetij.
Najnovejše vsebine na to temo so navedene spodaj.
Zastopanost evropskih organizacij socialnih partnerjev: kmetijski sektor – 2026
Ta študija zagotavlja informacije, ki omogočajo oceno reprezentativnosti organizacij, vključenih v evropski sektorski odbor za socialni dialog za kmetijski sektor. Njihova relativna zastopanost legitimira njihovo pravico do posvetovanja in njihovo sposobnost pogajanj o sporazumih. Cilj Eurofoundovih študij o reprezentativnosti je identificirati ustrezne nacionalne in evropske organizacije socialnih partnerjev v sektorju. Ta študija identificira Evropsko federacijo sindikatov za prehrano, kmetijstvo in turizem (EFFAT), ki zastopa zaposlene, ter Skupino delodajalcev strokovnih kmetijskih organizacij v Evropski uniji / Odbor strokovnih kmetijskih organizacij v Evropski uniji (GEOPA-COPA), ki zastopa delodajalce, kot najbolj reprezentativne socialne partnerske organizacije na evropski ravni v kmetijskem sektorju.
Vključenost delodajalskih organizacij in sindikatov v evropski semester 2024–2025
To poročilo preučuje vlogo sindikatov in organizacij delodajalcev pri oblikovanju srednjeročnih fiskalnih strukturnih načrtov in letnih poročil o napredku za leto 2025. Analizira vključenost socialnih partnerjev na nacionalni ravni v vlade, pa tudi njihovo sodelovanje z Evropsko komisijo pri misijah za ugotavljanje dejstev, poročilih o državah in priporočilih posameznih držav ter ocenjuje njihovo sodelovanje v širšem evropskem semestru, vključno z novim okvirom socialne konvergence.Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Personal services sector – 2026
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the personal services sector.Eurofound preučuje razvoj dogodkov v zvezi s socialnimi partnerji in poroča o njem, raziskave pa preučujejo, kako so se v državah članicah EU in na Norveškem odzvali na številne nove politične, pravne in socialne izzive, ki so se pojavili v zadnjih letih.
PDEU priznava in spodbuja vlogo socialnih partnerjev na ravni EU ter dokumentira zavezo EU, da olajša dialog med socialnimi partnerji ob spoštovanju njihove avtonomije. To priznanje ponazarja sprejetje večletnih delovnih programov socialnih partnerjev. V teh programih socialni partnerji sami določijo svoje prednostne naloge in pogajalski program ter odločajo o ustreznih instrumentih za socialni dialog.
Z leti so evropske institucije vse bolj priznavale vlogo socialnih partnerjev na ravni EU. To se na primer odraža v vzpostavitvi letnega tristranskega socialnega vrha med Evropskim svetom, Evropsko komisijo in socialnimi partnerji, ki slednjim omogoča, da v okviru svojega socialnega dialoga prispevajo k različnim sestavnim delom gospodarskega in socialnega upravljanja EU. Glavne medpanožne organizacije, ki zastopajo socialne partnerje na ravni EU, so:
Evropska konfederacija sindikatov (ETUC)
Konfederacija evropskih podjetij (BusinessEurope)
Združenje obrtnikov ter MSP v Evropi (SMEunited, prej UEAPME)
Evropski center delodajalcev in podjetij, ki opravljajo javne storitve in storitve splošnega pomena (CEEP)
Socialni partnerji imajo pomembno vlogo pri oblikovanju socialne zakonodaje EU. Komisija se mora pred predložitvijo predlogov na področju socialne politike posvetovati s socialnimi partnerji v okviru obveznega dvostopenjskega posvetovalnega postopka (člen 154 PDEU). Poleg tega se lahko socialni partnerji pogajajo o sporazumih, ki se lahko izvajajo samostojno v skladu z nacionalnimi praksami ali pa se na njihovo zahtevo izvajajo na ravni EU s sklepom Sveta (člen 155 PDEU). V tem smislu so imeli sporazumi socialnih partnerjev, ki se izvajajo na ravni EU, pomembno vlogo pri razvoju socialnega pravnega reda EU.
Poleg tega evropski institucionalni organi menijo, da so socialni partnerji ključni za razvoj evropskega semestra, cikla usklajevanja ekonomskih in fiskalnih politik v EU. Čeprav vloga socialnih partnerjev v semestru ni jasno določena v zakonodajnem okviru, je bila njihova udeležba priznana in okrepljena v Uredbi (ES) št. 1175/2011 o nadzoru stanja proračuna ter nadzoru in usklajevanju ekonomskih politik. Prenovljen evropski semester, ki se je začel leta 2015, omogoča več časa za dialog in večjo vključenost socialnih partnerjev na vseh ravneh. Komisija in medpanožni socialni partnerji so marca 2025 podpisali skupni pakt za krepitev evropskega socialnega dialoga. To temelji na deklaraciji socialnega partnerja Val Duchesse iz leta 2024.
Evropska komisija: Komisija in socialni partnerji podpisali skupni pakt za okrepitev socialnega dialoga v Evropiopens in new tab
Evropska komisija: Evropski semesteropens in new tab
Evropska komisija: Posvetovanja s socialnimi partnerjiopens in new tab
BusinessEurope: Evropski socialni dialog – delovni program za obdobje 2022–2024opens in new tab
To je izbor najpomembnejših ugotovitev v zvezi s to temo.
31 March 2025
National-level social governance of the European Semester and the Recovery and Resilience Facility
The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) is integrated into the European Semester framework for economic and social policy coordination. It is the cornerstone of the NextGenerationEU package and provides funds to Member States for the implementation of the reforms and investments in their recovery and resilience plans until the end of 2026.
This report looks at the extent and quality of social partner involvement in the European Semester and in the RRF. It examines the question of how the social partners have been involved in the design and implementation of national recovery and resilience plans and how satisfied they have been with this involvement. It also aims to identify general trends in the implementation of the national plans, with a particular focus on measures in the social policy field. The involvement of the social partners came to the fore with the adoption of a new economic governance framework in April 2024, which introduced national medium-term fiscal-structural plans on which the social partners need to be consulted.
19 July 2023
Supporting regions in the just transition: Role of social partners
This report investigates the involvement of social partners in the just transition to a climate-neutral economy, with a particular focus on the territorial just transition plans. These plans aim to support the regions most negatively affected by the just transition by assisting workers to retrain, relocate and find other jobs, and also support industries that need to phase out fossil fuels or other greenhouse gas-intensive activities. The role and input of the social partners in these plans and their views on the just transition are explored. An analysis of social dialogue practices and examples of collective agreements shows the range of topics covered by the social partners. The report also investigates the role of the energy crisis in the just transition and how it has contributed to delays in the implementation of territorial just transition plans in certain Member States.
10 December 2021
Social partners going digital: Using digital tools and adapting social dialogue processes
Digital transformation is changing the world of work. This report looks at how social partners – the actors involved in the regulation of employment relationships – are increasingly adopting technological solutions to improve the services that they provide to their members and facilitate collective bargaining processes. Technological tools offer social partners the opportunity to enhance consultation, engage with their members through digitised processes, improve services and increase networking activities, as well as addressing the issue of membership decline. The findings of this report show that the extent to which the social partners use digital technologies varies greatly across the EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. Provisions in collective agreements on several aspects of digitalisation have been identified in about half of the countries. Through these provisions, social partners encourage their members to boost training on digital skills, ensure fair and safe working conditions and take account of data protection and employee monitoring practices. The European social partners’ autonomous framework agreement on digitalisation has provided inspiration to national-level organisations, and follow-up actions in this regard have the potential to greatly benefit their members.
9 March 2021
Involvement of social partners in policymaking during the COVID-19 outbreak
Since 2016, Eurofound has closely monitored the involvement of national social partners in policymaking as part of the European Semester cycle. In 2020, the focus was on their involvement during the first months of the COVID-19 outbreak. While the pandemic has presented a huge challenge to social dialogue, the results of the analysis highlight how social dialogue can be an effective tool in shaping policy initiatives and finding solutions to emergency situations affecting businesses, workers, the economy and society. It is clear that the participation of social partners in the design and implementation of national recovery and resilience plans in 2021 will be key in the recovery process and for strengthening social dialogue going forward.
30 August 2020
Role of social partners in tackling discrimination at work
This report assesses the role of the social partners in tackling workplace discrimination. Against the background of EU and national anti-discrimination legislation, it highlights the extent to which the need to tackle discrimination on different grounds is on the radar of cross-sectoral social partners. It also provides an overview of the measures taken to deal with the persistent incidence of discrimination on the grounds of age, disability, race or ethnic origin, religion or belief, and sexual orientation or gender identity.
24 June 2020
COVID-19: Policy responses across Europe
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of individuals and societies, including on the economy and labour markets, is unprecedented. The impact of the global health emergency has placed a growing number of businesses under threat, putting the jobs of more and more workers at risk and impacting the livelihoods of many citizens. Policymakers moved swiftly in an effort to mitigate the social and economic effects on businesses, workers and citizens. Eurofound’s COVID-19 EU PolicyWatch database provides information on initiatives introduced to cushion these effects. Drawing on the content of this database of around 500 policy initiatives (April 2020), this report aims to present an overview of both large-scale government measures and collective agreements that impact on large groups of workers, setting this in the context of the evolving labour market situation.
Data: COVID-19 EU PolicyWatch
10 September 2020
Capacity building for effective social dialogue in the European Union
The aim of this report is to add to the discussion on how Eurofound can contribute to supporting capacity building of social partners for effective social dialogue. The report includes a review by Eurofound aimed at identifying the capacity-building needs and initiatives of social partners in relation to national frameworks for autonomous collective bargaining, involvement in European social dialogue and the European Semester, and the development of membership and services for members. It also includes the results from stakeholder consultations and two exchange seminars held in 2019, along with a set of policy pointers for further discussion.
6 December 2019
European sectoral social dialogue: Facts and figures
European sectoral social dialogue plays an important role in promoting dialogue between the social partners in industrial sectors at European level. There are currently 43 European sectoral social dialogue committees that bring together the social partners from the EU Member States – representatives of trade unions and employer organisations – to engage in dialogue on behalf of specific sectors. This research report provides facts and figures on sectoral diversity, social partner organisations, and representativeness at EU, Member State and sectoral levels.
Raziskovalci agencije Eurofound zagotavljajo strokovno znanje in jih je mogoče kontaktirati za vprašanja ali poizvedbe medijev.
Peter Kerckhofs
Senior research managerPeter Kerckhofs je višji vodja raziskav v enoti za delovno življenje pri Eurofoundu. Njegovo delo se osredotoča na vlogo socialnih partnerjev v evropskem semestru in tudi na nacionalno poročanje o razvoju odnosov med delodajalci in delojemalci. Peter ima široko strokovno znanje pri razvoju metodologije za študije reprezentativnosti, uporabi evropskih in nacionalnih meril reprezentativnosti v specifičnem kontekstu različnih sektorjev, hkrati pa zbira poglobljeno znanje o razmerjih med delodajalci in delojemalci v različnih sektorjih. Peter je sodeloval tudi pri projektih, povezanih z evropskimi sveti delavcev in evropskim sektorskim socialnim dialogom. Preden se je pridružil Eurofoundu, je delal kot raziskovalec za ETUI in UCL, kot politični sekretar za EMCEF in bil znanstveni koordinator doktorske fakultete Fakultete za družbene vede KU Leuven. Diplomiral je iz socialnega dela in magistriral iz političnih ved na KU Leuven in mednarodne odnose na UCL ter doktoriral iz industrijskih odnosov na Univerzi v Manchestru.
Ta razdelek omogoča dostop do vseh vsebin, ki so bile objavljene na to temo.
