&w=3840&q=90)
Hjemmearbejde
Telearbejde er en arbejdsordning, hvor arbejdet udføres uden for en standardarbejdsplads, normalt arbejdsgiverens lokaler, ved hjælp af informations- og kommunikationsteknologier (IKT). De vigtigste funktioner ved fjernarbejde er brugen af computere og telekommunikation til at ændre den sædvanlige arbejdsplacering, hvor ofte medarbejderen arbejder uden for arbejdsgiverens lokaler, og antallet af steder, hvor arbejdstagerne arbejder hjemmefra (mobilitet).
Med hensyn til mobilitet kan IKT-baseret mobilt arbejde defineres som brugen af informations- og kommunikationsteknologier, såsom smartphones, tablets, bærbare computere og/eller stationære computere, til arbejde, der udføres uden for arbejdsgiverens lokaler og i høj grad er 'lokationsuafhængigt'. Mobilt arbejde kan betragtes som en variation af hjemmearbejde. Når man bruger udtrykket IKT-baseret mobilt arbejde, lægges vægten på, at medarbejdere arbejder på en række forskellige steder og bruger IKT til at forbinde til fælles virksomhedscomputersystemer.
Find det nyeste indhold om dette emne nedenfor.
Overgangen til hybridarbejde: Ledelsesudfordringer - Digital historie
Denne digitale historie præsenterer hovedresultater om, hvordan hybridt arbejde omformer ledelsespraksis på linjelederniveau: Hvorfor hybridt arbejde kræver nye former for koordinering; Hvordan ledere opretholder synlighed og tilsyn med præstationer uden fysisk sam-tilstedeværelse; Hvad der opretholder teamets sammenhængskraft og trivsel på tværs af spredte teams; Hvordan lige adgang til information og muligheder kan sikres; Hvor politisk vejledning eller støtte er mest nødvendig.Overgangen til hybridt arbejde: Ledelsesudfordringer
COVID-19-pandemien fremskyndede overgangen til hybridarbejde, hvor medarbejderne deler deres tid mellem fjernarbejde og on-site. Selvom denne model tilbyder større fleksibilitet, medfører den også nye udfordringer for linjeledere og andre ledere. Denne rapport undersøger, hvordan hybridarbejde omformer arbejdsorganisationen og påvirker daglige ledelsespraksisser på linjelederniveau med fokus på ændringer i koordinering, kommunikation, performance management og medarbejdertrivsel.Arbejde når som helst, hvor som helst: Kvaliteten af arbejdstiden i EU
Denne forskningsrapport undersøger, hvordan fleksible arbejdsordninger i EU påvirker arbejdstidernes kvalitet, autonomi og medarbejdertrivsel, og sammenligner de seneste udviklinger med for ti år siden. Den analyserer forskelle på tværs af færdighedsniveauer, sektorer og medlemsstater og vurderer rollen af regler og politikker såsom retten til at afbryde forbindelsen.Eurofound udfører forskning i fjernarbejde og IKT-baseret mobilt arbejde i sin aktivitet om arbejdsvilkår og bæredygtigt arbejde, herunder i sin forskning i nye former for beskæftigelse. Emnerne omfatter work-life balance, arbejdstid, arbejdsvilkår og retten til at koble af, samt COVID-19's indvirkning på den måde, vi arbejder på. Forskellige niveauer af arbejdsintensitet eller hyppighed af fjernarbejde/IKTM-baseret mobil (TICTM) og variation af steder, hvor enkeltpersoner arbejder, kan have forskellige konsekvenser for arbejdsvilkårene.
IKT har revolutioneret arbejde og liv i det 21. århundrede. Fremskridt inden for IKT har åbnet døren for nye måder at arbejde på. Telearbejde og IKT-baseret mobilt arbejde er blevet en del af en pakke af fleksible arbejdsordninger med det formål at modernisere arbejdsorganisationen. Beslutningstagere i mange EU-lande debatterer den hurtige ændring i den måde, vi arbejder på, og de afledte konsekvenser for andre aspekter af vores dagligdag, såsom arbejdsorganisering, work-life balance, sundhed og trivsel.
Den europæiske rammeaftale om hjemmearbejde, underskrevet af EU-niveau sociale partnere i 2002, definerer fjernarbejde og etablerer en generel ramme på europæisk niveau for arbejdsvilkårene for telearbejdere. Den sigter mod at forene behovet for fleksibilitet og tryghed, som arbejdsgivere og arbejdstagere deler. Siden da har teknologiske fremskridt bidraget til at udvide denne arbejdsordning og banet vejen for et højere mobilitetsniveau for arbejdstagere til at arbejde hjemmefra.
I juni 2020 underskrev de sociale parter på EU-niveau en rammeaftale om digitalisering, som beskriver relevante bestemmelser om 'modaliteter for tilslutning og frakobling', som skal implementeres på nationalt niveau i overensstemmelse med procedurer og praksisser, der er specifikke for ledelse og arbejdskraft i medlemsstaterne.
I januar 2021 vedtog Europa-Parlamentet en resolution, der opfordrer Europa-Kommissionen til at foreslå en lov, der gør det muligt for digitalt arbejdende personer at koble fra uden for deres arbejdstid. Den bør også fastsætte minimumskrav til fjernarbejde og præcisere arbejdsvilkår, arbejdstider og hvileperioder.
EUR-Lex: Hjemmearbejdeopens in new tab
ETUC: Europæisk rammeaftale om digitalisering af sociale partnere (PDF)PDFopens in new tab
Europa-Parlamentet: Resolution af 21. januar 2021 om retten til at afbryde forbindelsen opens in new tab
Siden begyndelsen af 2020, som følge af COVID-19-pandemien, har mange arbejdsgivere og medarbejdere valgt hjemmearbejde, hvilket potentielt kan ændre vores arbejdsmåde i fremtiden. Dette skift giver virksomheder muligheder og hjælper arbejdstagere med at beholde deres ansættelse, men medfører også udfordringer omkring sundhed og balance mellem arbejde og privatliv, forbundet med udviskning af grænser, lange arbejdstider og konstant tilgængelighed.
Dette er et udvalg af de vigtigste resultater for dette emne.
2 September 2024
Regional employment change and the geography of telework in Europe
The fast and steady recovery in employment following the COVID-19 pandemic in the EU benefited from proactive policy responses to the crisis and from resilient labour markets. Almost 90% of regions across the EU had exceeded their pre-pandemic employment levels by 2022; however, significant regional disparities remain. EU regions fared differently, depending on their economic specialisation and notably on the concentration of jobs in knowledge-intensive services that can be performed remotely. The geography of telework across EU regions was primarily shaped by differences in occupational structure, and fast internet connectivity remains an essential enabling factor. Recent initiatives to support remote work in rural, peripheral or marginalised areas through the creation of coworking spaces show how dynamism and diversity in rural economies can be promoted.
29 November 2023
Right to disconnect: Implementation and impact at company level
The rise in telework and more flexible working patterns, speeded up by the pandemic, has intensified concerns about an ‘always on’ culture and employees’ constant connection to their workplace, leading them to work additional and often unpaid hours. One of the solutions put forward to help address this issue is the introduction of a right to disconnect. Based on a survey of HR managers and employees, this report explores EU Member States’ legislation around the right to disconnect and assesses the impact of company policies in this area on employees’ hours of connection, working time, work–life balance, health and well-being, and overall workplace satisfaction.
25 May 2023
Hybrid work in Europe: Concept and practice
The term ‘hybrid work’ was popularised with the upsurge of telework during the COVID-19 pandemic, when companies and employees started to discuss ways of organising work after the crisis. The term has been increasingly used to refer to situations in which (teleworkable) work is carried out from two sites: at the usual place of work (normally the employer’s premises) and from home (as experienced during the pandemic) or other locations. However, the concept of hybrid work is still fuzzy and various meanings are attributed to it. This report aims to bring clarity to this concept by exploring the available information from two main sources: recent literature and contributions provided by the Network of Eurofound Correspondents from across the European Union. It summarises the main debates around hybrid work in the Member States and shows how hybrid work has been implemented in practice across Europe. The main hindrances, challenges, benefits and opportunities of hybrid work are also discussed.
28 April 2023
The future of telework and hybrid work
The report explores plausible and imaginable scenarios examining how telework and hybrid work in the EU might have developed by 2035, and their implications for the world of work. How prepared are managers and employees, employer organisations and trade unions, and policymakers for the greater prevalence of these ways of organising work? How can they ensure that future telework and hybrid work arrangements benefit both employees and organisations? Using a foresight methodology, the report identifies blind spots, outlines emerging issues and assists policymakers in addressing key issues related to this form of work.
8 December 2022
The rise in telework: Impact on working conditions and regulations
This report presents Eurofound’s research on telework during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. It explores changes in the incidence of telework, working conditions experienced by employees working from home and changes to regulations addressing issues related to this working arrangement. The findings reveal a rapid escalation of telework triggered by the pandemic: in 2021, 2 out of 10 European employees were teleworking – a figure that most likely would not have been reached before 2027 had the pandemic not occurred. The health crisis unleashed the social and technological potential for flexibility in terms of working time and place. The impacts of telework on working conditions were initially difficult to determine because it was difficult to disentangle them from pandemic-induced factors, such as lockdowns and school closures. However, both the positive impacts, such as the contribution of telework to improving work–life balance, and the negative impacts, such as reduced social interaction and an increase in overtime worked, have become more evident. The rise in telework and an awareness of its implications for working conditions have prompted a renewed focus on regulatory frameworks, with new telework regulations passed in several EU Member States.
7 December 2022
Living, working and COVID-19 in the European Union and 10 EU neighbouring countries
The Living, working and COVID-19 survey, first launched by Eurofound in early 2020, aims to capture the wide-ranging impact of the pandemic on the work and lives of EU citizens. The fifth round of the Eurofound survey, which was implemented in spring 2022, also sheds light on a new uncertain reality caused by the war in Ukraine, record-high inflation and sharp rises in the cost of living. As a pilot survey, a shorter version of the questionnaire was fielded by the European Training Foundation (ETF) in 10 European Union (EU) neighbouring countries. This joint Eurofound-ETF factsheet presents a selection of results from the survey covering both the EU-27 and the 10 selected EU neighbouring countries.
The results reveal at least one clear commonality across respondents from all countries: serious concerns about the rising cost of living. At the same time, the results point to a large divergence in living and working conditions between respondents in the two groups of countries, but also show large differences within the EU itself and amongst the selected EU neighbouring countries.
1 September 2022
Telework in the EU: Regulatory frameworks and recent updates
This report sets out to map and analyse legislation and collective bargaining on telework in the 27 Member States and Norway. It highlights the main cross-country differences and similarities regarding telework legislation and recent changes to these regulations. It also examines the current situation regarding collective bargaining on telework. The analysis highlights many of the drawbacks and challenges of telework, focusing on provisions relating to access to telework, flexible working time, continuous availability/connectivity, isolation, occupational and health risk prevention and the costs incurred by the employee while working remotely. With COVID-19 having been an accelerator for regulating telework both in legislation and through collective bargaining, the report sheds light on how the future of telework could be regulated at national and EU level to improve working conditions and the well-being of workers.
9 September 2021
Right to disconnect: Exploring company practices
Digital technologies have made it possible for many workers to carry out their work at any time and anywhere, with consequent advantages and disadvantages. Eurofound data show that teleworkers are twice as likely to exceed the 48-hour working time limit, take insufficient rest and work in their free time, with knock-on effects on their physical and mental health. To address this issue, there have been calls for the ‘right to disconnect’. This report is based on case studies that chart the implementation and impact of the right to disconnect at workplace level. It builds on previous Eurofound research that shows an increase in collective agreements providing for a right to disconnect in countries that have enshrined this right in their legislation. With the exponential growth in teleworking brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of striking a better balance between the opportunities and the challenges associated with teleworking and ICT-based flexible working has become more relevant than ever before.
Eurofounds forskere leverer ekspertindsigt og kan kontaktes med spørgsmål eller mediehenvendelser.
Oscar Vargas Llave
Senior research managerOscar Vargas Llave is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and manages projects on changes in the world of work and the impact on working conditions and related policies: organisation of working time, remote work, the right to disconnect, health and well-being and ageing. Before joining Eurofound in December 2009, he worked as project coordinator in the field of health and safety and was responsible for the Professional Card Scheme for the Construction Sector in Spain at the non-profit Fundación Laboral de la Construcción in Madrid. He has a background in industrial sociology (Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca), and also holds a Diploma in Social Science Research Methods from the University of Cardiff and a Master’s degree in Health and Safety from the Autonomous University of Madrid.
Sara Grubanov-Boskovic
Research officerSara Grubanov-Boskovic er forskningsmedarbejder i Working Life-enheden hos Eurofound og bidrager til projekter om hjemmearbejde, arbejdstid, levevilkår og EU's udvidelse. Før hun kom til Eurofound, arbejdede hun som policymedarbejder ved OECD Istanbul Centre inden for Global Relations Directorate og som videnskabelig projektmedarbejder ved Europa-Kommissionens Knowledge Centre on Migration and Demography. Som postdoc ved Universitetet i Torino fokuserede hendes forskning på kompetencemismatch, mens hun som gæsteforsker ved Det Hebraiske Universitet i Jerusalem arbejdede med demografisk overgang og befolkningsaldring. Sara har en ph.d. i befolknings- og økonomisk udvikling fra University of Bari.
Dette afsnit giver adgang til alt det indhold, der er blevet offentliggjort om emnet.
