Obair inbhuanaithe
Is éard atá i gceist le hobair inbhuanaithe ná dálaí maireachtála agus oibre a bhaint amach a thacaíonn le daoine dul i ngleic leis an obair agus fanacht san obair le linn saol oibre fada. Caithfear an obair a chlaochlú chun deireadh a chur leis na fachtóirí a dhíspreagann nó a chuireann bac ar oibrithe fanacht sa lucht saothair nó dul isteach ann. Ach caithfear cúinsí aonair a chur san áireamh freisin. Tá infhaighteacht don obair difriúil agus is dócha go n-athróidh sé le linn an tsaoil. Is é an dúshlán ná riachtanais agus cumais an duine aonair a mheaitseáil le cáilíocht na bpost atá ar fáil.
Faigh an t-ábhar is déanaí ar an ábhar seo thíos.
Fostaíocht agus dálaí oibre na n-oibrithe is leochailí: Aghaidh a thabhairt ar dhúshlán leanúnach beartais
Le dhá scór bliain anuas, tá méadú suntasach tagtha ar fhostaíocht neamhchaighdeánach i margaí saothair ar fud an Aontais. Cé gur féidir le socruithe den sórt sin solúbthacht agus cothromaíocht oibre agus saoil níos fearr a thairiscint, tagann leochaileacht chun cinn nuair a bhíonn siad neamhdheonach nó nuair a thrasnaíonn tréithe neamhchaighdeánacha iolracha. Déantar anailís sa tuarascáil seo ar leitheadúlacht leochaileachta fostaíochta ar fud AE-27 ó 2009 go 2021, agus déantar scrúdú ar a naisc le dálaí oibre, torthaí sláinte agus freagairtí beartais. Léiríonn na torthaí go bhfuil an riosca is airde ag mná, daoine óga agus imircigh, agus iad siúd a bhfuil gnéithe éagsúla leochaileachta acu ag tuairisciú ionchais fostaíochta níos boichte, deiseanna oiliúna teoranta, níos lú neamhspleáchais agus rátaí níos airde imní agus dúlagar. Déanann an tuarascáil athbhreithniú freisin ar bhearta beartais AE agus náisiúnta atá dírithe ar chinnteacht chonarthach a neartú agus tacú le haistrithe chuig fostaíocht níos sláine.Fostaíocht agus dálaí oibre na n-oibrithe is leochailí
Le dhá scór bliain anuas, tá athrú suntasach tagtha ar mhargaí saothair na hEorpa, agus tá méadú suntasach tagtha ar chineálacha fostaíochta neamhchaighdeánacha amhail obair pháirtaimseartha agus obair shealadach. San eipeasóid seo de Chainteanna Eurofound, labhraíonn Mary McCaughey le saineolaí Eurofound Karel Fric chun iniúchadh a dhéanamh ar dhálaí fostaíochta agus oibre na n-oibrithe is leochailí.An lá oibre gan deireadh san Eoraip atá ag obair go solúbtha
Tuairiscíonn duine as gach cúigear oibrí ar fud an AE go ndéantar teagmháil leo ar chúiseanna a bhaineann leis an obair lasmuigh dá n-uaireanta oibre cúpla uair sa mhí. Déantar iniúchadh san alt seo ar na naisc idir teagmháil tar éis uaireanta oibre agus digitiú méadaitheach na hoibre.Chun obair a dhéanamh inbhuanaithe, teastaíonn an méid seo a leanas:
De bharr nádúr ilghnéitheach an choincheapa oibre inbhuanaithe, téann sé trasnaithe le go leor príomhréimsí d'obair Eurofound. Tá creat cruthaithe ag Eurofound chun tuiscint a fháil ar choincheap na hoibre inbhuanaithe, a úsáidtear mar phointe tagartha do raon tionscadal taighde ar an ábhar seo.
Tá aosú déimeagrafach ar cheann de na fórsaí tiomána atá taobh thiar den uaillmhian rannpháirtíocht sa lucht saothair a mhéadú. Tá sé sin le feiceáil i bpríomhsprioc nua an Aontais maidir le fostaíocht 2030 atá molta i bPlean Gníomhaíochta an Cholún Eorpaigh um Chearta Sóisialta (78% ar a laghad den daonra idir 20 agus 64 bliana d'aois). Le líon na ndaoine ar scor ag ardú agus an daonra oibre ag laghdú, d'fhéadfadh córais chosanta sóisialta a bheith faoi bhagairt. Ionas go bhfanfaidh córais tacaíochta sóisialta inmharthana de réir mar a théann daonra na hEorpa in aois, ní mór do níos mó daoine oibriú agus fanacht ag obair níos faide thar a saol.
Ní bhainfear na spriocanna seo amach ach amháin má tá oibrithe i ndea-shláinte, cáilithe agus infhostaithe, agus spreagtha chun fanacht ag obair níos faide. Ní mór tacaíochtaí sochaíocha níos leithne a bheith i bhfeidhm chun cur ar chumas daoine rochtain a fháil ar obair agus cothromaíocht mhaith oibre agus saoil a bheith acu. Is comhpháirteanna lárnacha iad cáilíocht an phoist agus an timpeallacht oibre chun ligean do gach oibrí fanacht níos faide sa mhargadh saothair. Ach is fachtóir mór é an idirghníomhaíocht idir na comhpháirteanna seo agus cúinsí aonair, mar shampla sláinte agus spreagadh chun leanúint ar aghaidh ag obair, agus caithfear é a thuiscint níos fearr.
Ar leibhéal an Aontais, spreag imní faoi inbhuanaitheacht na bpinsean, an fhás eacnamaíoch agus an tsoláthair saothair freagairtí beartais chun tacú leis na spriocanna maidir le saol oibre níos faide agus dul ar scor níos déanaí. Is é príomhchuspóir bheartas an Choimisiúin Eorpaigh um Aosú Gníomhach cabhrú le daoine fanacht i gceannas ar a saol féin chomh fada agus is féidir agus iad ag dul in aois agus, nuair is féidir, rannchuidiú leis an ngeilleagar agus leis an tsochaí.
Is é an Comhaontú Glas Eorpach an Straitéis nua Eorpach um Fhás Inbhuanaithe a bhfuil sé mar aidhm aici cur ar chumas saoránaigh na hEorpa tairbhe a bhaint as aistriú glas inbhuanaithe. Ciallaíonn sé sin infheistíocht a dhéanamh i dtaighde agus i nuálaíocht agus folláine daoine a fheabhsú trí chonair atá cóir agus cothrom go sóisialta, gan aon duine aonair ná réigiún a fhágáil taobh thiar de.
Is rogha é seo de na torthaí is tábhachtaí don ábhar seo.
26 February 2021
Working conditions and sustainable work: An analysis using the job quality framework
This flagship report summarises the key findings of Eurofound’s research on working conditions conducted over the programming period 2017–2020. It maps the progress achieved since 2000 in improving working conditions and examines whether all workers have benefited equally from positive change. It highlights which groups are the most at risk of experiencing poor working conditions and being left behind. Given the changes in the world of work, emerging challenges for good job quality are identified. The report also provides evidence for measures that could lead to the further improvement of work and the achievement of fair working conditions for all in the EU. The analysis shows that, overall, job quality in the EU is improving, if slowly. Not all workers are benefiting to the same extent, however. Furthermore, gender, age and contractual status have a significant bearing on a person’s working conditions. And while digitalisation helps to address some job quality issues, it also creates new challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated trends, reinforcing concerns and highlighting the importance of achieving job quality for all.
2 March 2020
Gender equality at work
Gender inequality at work persists across Europe, despite the long standing attention paid and efforts made to tackle it. This Eurofound report presents a closer look at women’s and men’s working conditions, using data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and complementing previous Eurofound research on, among other things, working time patterns, work–life balance and workers’ health. Beyond the general differences in the labour market, it highlights many important gaps in men’s and women’s working conditions and job quality which require specific attention. According to the EWCS data, the reduction of gender gaps in those areas showing improvement over the last 5 to 10 years remains limited. European and national strategies aimed at achieving job quality for all, that seek to mainstream gender equality, could help address persistent inequalities between men and women.
17 April 2019
Seniority-based entitlements: Extent, policy debates and research
Seniority systems – schemes that allot improving employment rights or benefits to employees as their length of employment increases – have not been widely studied. This report provides the first comprehensive study comparing the design and spread of seniority-based entitlements (SBEs) in Europe and mapping related policy debates. It is primarily based on contributions from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents, covering the 28 EU Member States and Norway, but also presents aggregate seniority-earnings curves for the EU based on data from the Structure of Earnings Survey. The aim of the report is to take stock of the currently existing different types of SBEs in the private and public sectors. It concludes that despite an obvious trend to remove them from regulations or reform them, a substantial amount of such entitlements is here to stay. Paradoxically, countries which have regulations on seniority pay in place tend to have flatter aggregate seniority-earnings curves than countries without such regulations.
21 December 2017
Working conditions of workers of different ages
Demographic change is changing the face of working life across the EU. The increased demand on a shrinking pool of workers to provide for the social needs of an ageing population is leading to increases in the employment rate of older workers and a lengthening of working life. Policy reforms have – on the whole – focused on raising the statutory retirement age and providing financial incentives for older workers to remain in work beyond retirement age. However, a range of other factors also influence workers’ decision to continue working into old age – including health and well-being, work–life balance, career prospects and job security, and working conditions such as autonomy, hours of work and psychosocial aspects of the workplace. This report analyses these factors in depth for the 28 EU Member States, using data from the latest European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS 2015) and in the context of Eurofound’s concept of ‘sustainable work over the life course’.
18 September 2017
Working time patterns for sustainable work
Working time is a recurrent topic of study because the nature of work, its content, the conditions under which it is performed and the labour market itself keep changing. This report provides an overview of the recent evolution of working time duration and organisation in the EU and highlights the most important trends and differences between Member States. Through an in-depth analysis of data from the sixth European Working Conditions Survey carried out in 2015, it examines – from a gender and life course perspective – the links between working time patterns, work–life balance and working time preferences, on the one hand, and workers’ health and well-being on the other. Finally, the report explores the extent to which prevailing working conditions and working time patterns in EU Member States are sustainable in the long term.
17 November 2016
Sixth European Working Conditions Survey – Overview report
9 September 2016
Extending working lives through flexible retirement schemes: Partial retirement
Many EU Member States have implemented reforms to improve the sustainability of their pension systems. However, the impact of discouraging early retirement and increasing the pension age on effective retirement ages is limited, as many people are unable or unmotivated to work until pension age. Reduction of working time is one approach to enabling people to work longer than would have been feasible if they continued working full time. But a barrier to reduction of hours is the loss of income. Partial retirement schemes address this barrier by substituting part of the income loss with a partial pension or benefits. This report investigates how partial retirement schemes can contribute to sustainable and adequate pension systems by enabling and motivating people to extend their working lives. It maps schemes at the national and sector levels in the EU and Norway, examines their characteristics and assesses their impact on the extension of working lives. An executive summary is available - see Related content.
27 July 2016
Sustainable work throughout the life course: National policies and strategies
European countries face the challenges of ageing populations supported by shrinking workforces, more precarious types of employment, and in many cases, a decreasing number of jobs in the wake of the economic crisis. As a result, the issue of how to enable more people to participate in the labour market and to continue to do so until an older age has become a key policy issue in all EU Member States. These challenges might be met by adopting an approach to work that puts sustainability at its centre. Sustainable work means that ‘living and working conditions are such that they support people in engaging and remaining in work throughout an extended working life’. This study analyses national policies that help to achieve sustainable work in 10 EU Member States. It looks at how these policies are being implemented, whether they are integrated into a coherent framework, and whether they are complementary or contradictory.
19 June 2015
Sustainable work over the life course: Concept paper
Ageing of the population is likely to threaten the ability of states to finance welfare states and social protection systems in the future. A viable solution is to increase employment rates and to lengthen working life. To achieve this dual goal requires devising new solutions for working conditions and career paths that help workers to retain their physical and mental health, motivation and productivity over an extended working life. In other words, work must be made sustainable over the life course. Identifying and analysing the factors and actions underpinning sustainable work throughout working life is a research priority for Eurofound in the 2013–2016 programming period. This paper sets out to clarify and illuminate Eurofound’s framework for understanding the rather expansive concept of sustainable work. It can be used as a reference point for a range of Eurofound research projects that examine different aspects of sustainable work.
Soláthraíonn taighdeoirí Eurofound léargas saineolaithe agus is féidir teagmháil a dhéanamh leo le haghaidh ceisteanna nó fiosrúcháin ó na meáin.
Barbara Gerstenberger
Head of UnitTá Barbara Gerstenberger ina Ceannasaí ar an Aonad Saoil Oibre ag Eurofound. Sa ról seo, comhordaíonn sí na foirne taighde a dhéanann imscrúdú ar cháilíocht na bpost san Eoraip bunaithe ar an Suirbhé Eorpach ar Choinníollacha Oibre agus tá freagracht fhoriomlán uirthi as an bhFaireachlann Eorpach um Shaol na hOibre agus as taighde ar chaidreamh tionsclaíoch san AE. Chuaigh sí isteach in Eurofound in 2001 mar bhainisteoir taighde san Lárionad Faireacháin Eorpach um Athrú (EMCC) nuabhunaithe ag an am. In 2007, bhog sí go dtí an tAonad Faisnéise agus Cumarsáide Eurofound mar Cheannasaí Táirgí Cumarsáide, sular ceapadh í ina Comhordaitheoir sa Stiúrthóireacht in 2011. Roimhe sin, d'oibrigh sí mar oifigeach taighde sinsearach i gCónaidhm Eorpach na nOibrithe Miotail sa Bhruiséil. Céimí san eolaíocht pholaitiúil ó Ollscoil Hamburg, chríochnaigh sí céim Mháistir i Riarachán Poiblí ag Scoil Rialtais Kennedy, Ollscoil Harvard.
Franz Ferdinand Eiffe
Research managerIs bainisteoir taighde é Franz Eiffe san aonad Saoil Oibre ag Eurofound. Tá baint aige le tionscadail maidir le hobair inbhuanaithe, anailísí cainníochtúla agus cóineasú aníos san AE, chomh maith le hullmhú an cheathrú Suirbhé Eorpach ar Chuideachtaí. Sula ndeachaigh sé isteach i Eurofound in 2016, bhí sé ina Cheann ar an Aonad 'Anailís' ag Staitisticí na hOstaire i Vín agus ina cheannaire tionscadail ar 'Conas atá an Ostair? Saibhreas agus dul chun cinn níos faide ná OTI a thomhas'. Tá PhD aige san Eacnamaíocht ó Ollscoil Eacnamaíochta Vín (WU), áit ar oibrigh sé freisin mar chomhlach taighde ó 2005 go 2009 agus mar léachtóir go dtí 2016.
Tugann an rannán seo rochtain ar an ábhar ar fad a foilsíodh faoin ábhar.
