Kakovost delovnih mest
Kakovost delovnih mest dopolnjuje merila količine delovnih mest in zagotavlja oceno strategije zaposlovanja. Kakovost delovnih mest je večdimenzionalen koncept, pri katerem različne politične agende in discipline poudarjajo različne razsežnosti. V večini Eurofoundovih raziskav se kakovost delovnih mest meri na ravni delovnega mesta. Vključuje značilnosti delovnega mesta, zajete z objektivne perspektive, ki jih je mogoče opazovati in so povezane z zadovoljevanjem potreb ljudi na delovnem mestu. Sestavljen je iz vseh značilnosti dela in zaposlitve, za katere je bilo dokazano, da imajo vzročno povezavo z zdravjem in dobrim počutjem. Vključene so pozitivne in negativne značilnosti delovnih mest. Ti kazalniki odražajo delovne vire (fizične, psihološke, socialne ali organizacijske vidike) in zahteve po delovnih mestih ali procese, ki nanje vplivajo.
Najnovejše vsebine na to temo so navedene spodaj.
IT sektor v ospredju: Razvoj digitalne delovne sile EU
IKT sektor spodbuja digitalizacijo in sprejemanje umetne inteligence po vsej Evropi, vendar pomanjkanje usposobljene delovne sile zavira njegovo rast. To poročilo preučuje zaposlitvene in delovne pogoje za strokovnjake IKT ter izzive, ki oblikujejo enega najpomembnejših sektorjev EU.Zaposlovanje in delovni pogoji najbolj ranljivih delavcev: Reševanje stalnega političnega izziva
V zadnjih dveh desetletjih so trgi dela po vsej EU zabeležili izrazit porast nestandardne zaposlitve. Čeprav takšni dogovori lahko ponudijo prilagodljivost in boljše ravnovesje med delom in zasebnim življenjem, se ranljivost pojavi, kadar so neprostovoljne ali ko se prekrije več nestandardnih značilnosti. To poročilo analizira razširjenost ranljivosti zaposlovanja po celotni EU-27 od leta 2009 do 2021 ter preučuje njene povezave z delovnimi pogoji, zdravstvenimi izidi in odzivi politik. Ugotovitve kažejo, da so ženske, mladi in migranti izpostavljeni največjemu tveganju, pri čemer tisti, ki doživljajo več dimenzij ranljivosti, poročajo o slabših zaposlitvenih možnostih, omejenih možnostih usposabljanja, manj avtonomije ter višjih stopnjah tesnobe in depresije. Poročilo prav tako pregleduje ukrepe EU in nacionalne politike, namenjene krepitvi pogodbene gotovosti in podpori prehodom v bolj varno zaposlitev.Algoritmično upravljanje na evropskih delovnih mestih: Posledice za organizacijo dela in delovne pogoje
Ta študija predstavlja sekundarno analizo podatkov iz Eurofoundove sedme evropske raziskave delovnih pogojev (EWCS 2024), ki raziskuje razširjenost digitalnih tehnologij na sodobnih delovnih mestih in širjenje praks algoritmičnega upravljanja. S povezovanjem prijavljene izpostavljenosti delavcev računalniškim programom, ki spremljajo uspešnost, razporejajo naloge in razporejajo delo, s kazalniki kakovosti dela, analiza ocenjuje, kako tehnologija preoblikuje delo. Prav tako identificira različne profile delavcev na podlagi vzorcev uporabe digitalne tehnologije in značilnosti, povezanih z vsakim profilom. Ugotovitve bodo usmerjale oblikovanje politik, usmerjenih v spodbujanje kakovostnih delovnih mest v vse bolj digitalnih delovnih okoljih.Eurofound želi utrditi položaj evropske raziskave o delovnih razmerah (EWCS) kot pomembnega orodja za primerjalno analizo kakovosti delovnih mest v Evropski uniji in zunaj nje, kar prispeva k razvoju politik na področju kakovosti dela. Podatki so bili uporabljeni za izvedbo nadaljnjih raziskav o različnih temah, povezanih s kakovostjo delovnih mest, vključno s kakovostjo delovnih mest v različnih delovnih situacijah, kakovostjo delovnih mest različnih skupin na trgu dela, vplivom kakovosti delovnih mest na kakovost delovnega življenja in poglobljeno analizo posameznih razsežnosti kakovosti delovnih mest. Evropske raziskave podjetij obravnavajo tudi različne razsežnosti kakovosti delovnih mest za delavce in delodajalce. Nedavne raziskave so proučevale tudi kakovost delovnih mest v globalni perspektivi.
Kakovost delovnih mest in njeno izboljšanje sta pomembna politična vprašanja, saj so kakovostna delovna mesta ključnega pomena za večjo udeležbo delovne sile, večjo blaginjo in večjo gospodarsko uspešnost. Kakovost delovnih mest je tudi ključna sestavina za trajnostno delo in omogočanje delavcem, da ostanejo motivirani, da ostanejo na delovnem mestu dlje. To je osrednjega pomena za agendo Mednarodne organizacije dela za dostojno delo, strategijo OECD za delovna mesta in politiko Evropske unije za kakovost dela, da bi ustvarili več in boljša delovna mesta. Za delavce, podjetja in organizacije, ki jih zaposlujejo, ter za družbe so koristi, povezane z visokokakovostnimi delovnimi mesti, in stroški, povezani s slabo kakovostjo delovnih mest.
Evropska komisija namerava leta 2025 v sodelovanju s socialnimi partnerji predstaviti načrt za kakovostna delovna mesta, katerega cilj je "podpreti pravične plače, dobre delovne pogoje, usposabljanje in pravične prehode med delovnimi mesti za delavce in samozaposlene osebe. Ta pobuda podpira prizadevanja za krepitev konkurenčnosti EU, kot je opisano v Kompasu za konkurenčnost, in ustvarjanje kakovostnih delovnih mest.
Prednostna naloga Komisije: podpora ljudem, krepitev naših družb in našega socialnega modelaopens in new tab
Mednarodna organizacija dela (MOD): dostojno deloopens in new tab
Organizacija za gospodarsko sodelovanje in razvoj (OECD): Strategija OECD za delovna mestaopens in new tab
Evropska komisija: Evropska strategija zaposlovanjaopens in new tab
To je izbor najpomembnejših ugotovitev v zvezi s to temo.
3 September 2025
Trendi na področju kakovosti delovnih mest: prve ugotovitve raziskave EWCS 2024
30 June 2024
Job quality side of climate change
Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities, and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change risks are associated with increased exposure to hazards, leading to lower standards of job quality, productivity loss and greater job and work insecurity. Nearly half of workers in the EU will experience profound changes in their job tasks as economies adapt to climate change and climate mitigation strategies are implemented. In addition, work is likely to change as a result of company responses to climate change. These changes in work, while increasing the vulnerability of some workers, offer opportunities to improve some dimensions of job quality. This report outlines the complex relationship between job quality and climate change, including the implication of green tasks in selected sectors.
30 January 2024
Self-employment in the EU: Job quality and developments in social protection
Ensuring greater social protection for self-employed people has been the subject of much policy debate in recent years. In 2019, the Council of the European Union adopted a recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed. Sudden reductions in income during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the vulnerability of many self-employed workers. Using data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey, this report examines the working conditions of different groups of self-employed people. It analyses measures taken at EU Member State level to better protect self-employed individuals against the risks of unemployment, workplace accidents and sickness, and presents lessons learned from measures implemented during the pandemic.
9 October 2023
Job quality of COVID-19 pandemic essential workers
During the COVID-19 pandemic, a diverse collection of workers ensured the functioning of our societies. In a time of crisis, they maintained access to healthcare, long-term care and other essential goods and services, including food, water, electricity, the internet and waste treatment. These were the COVID-19 pandemic essential, or critical, workers, many of whom risked their physical and mental health by continuing to go to work during the pandemic.
This policy brief investigates the job quality of these critical workers, making use of unique sources of information, including data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021, data gathered by correspondents from across the Member States and interviews with EU-level social partner representatives from selected sectors. It examines the experiences of work among critical workers during the pandemic, and highlights imminent challenges to the sustainability of their work. The aim is to discover whether these workers are equipped to support society through future shocks and crises.
26 February 2021
Working conditions and sustainable work: An analysis using the job quality framework
This flagship report summarises the key findings of Eurofound’s research on working conditions conducted over the programming period 2017–2020. It maps the progress achieved since 2000 in improving working conditions and examines whether all workers have benefited equally from positive change. It highlights which groups are the most at risk of experiencing poor working conditions and being left behind. Given the changes in the world of work, emerging challenges for good job quality are identified. The report also provides evidence for measures that could lead to the further improvement of work and the achievement of fair working conditions for all in the EU. The analysis shows that, overall, job quality in the EU is improving, if slowly. Not all workers are benefiting to the same extent, however. Furthermore, gender, age and contractual status have a significant bearing on a person’s working conditions. And while digitalisation helps to address some job quality issues, it also creates new challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated trends, reinforcing concerns and highlighting the importance of achieving job quality for all.
2 March 2020
Gender equality at work
Gender inequality at work persists across Europe, despite the long standing attention paid and efforts made to tackle it. This Eurofound report presents a closer look at women’s and men’s working conditions, using data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and complementing previous Eurofound research on, among other things, working time patterns, work–life balance and workers’ health. Beyond the general differences in the labour market, it highlights many important gaps in men’s and women’s working conditions and job quality which require specific attention. According to the EWCS data, the reduction of gender gaps in those areas showing improvement over the last 5 to 10 years remains limited. European and national strategies aimed at achieving job quality for all, that seek to mainstream gender equality, could help address persistent inequalities between men and women.
12 October 2020
European Company Survey 2019 - Workplace practices unlocking employee potential
This report is based on the fourth edition of the European Company Survey (ECS), which was carried out jointly by Eurofound and Cedefop in 2019. It describes a wide range of practices and strategies implemented by European companies in terms of work organisation, human resource management, skills use and skills development, and employee voice. The report shows how these practices are combined and how the resulting ‘bundles of practices’ are associated with two outcomes beneficial to employees and employers: workplace well-being and establishment performance.
The analysis finds that the establishments that are most likely to generate this win–win outcome are those that combine a high degree of worker autonomy, a balanced motivational strategy, a comprehensive training and learning strategy, and high levels of direct employee involvement in decision-making, as well as offering managerial support for these practices. To boost the adoption of employee-oriented practices – particularly in relation to autonomy, skills and employee involvement – managers should be offered appropriate support, as they play a key role in the decision to initiate workplace change. They are also crucial to its success, as they must continuously support the workplace practices implemented.
6 May 2019
Working conditions in a global perspective
Job quality is a major focus of policymakers around the world. For workers, the enterprises that employ them and for societies, there are benefits associated with high-quality jobs, and costs associated with poor-quality jobs. This report – the result of a pioneering project by the International Labour Organization and Eurofound – provides a comparative analysis of job quality covering approximately 1.2 billion workers in Europe, Asia and the Americas. It analyses seven dimensions of job quality: the physical environment, work intensity, working time quality, the social environment, skills and development, prospects, and earnings, finding both important differences and similarities between countries. By analysing positive and negative aspects of job quality in different countries and societies, the report provides a way to look beyond national explanations, to see how some groups of workers are affected more than others and understand the particular issues for women workers around the world – in support of evidence-based policymaking to improve job quality.
17 November 2016
Sixth European Working Conditions Survey – Overview report
Raziskovalci agencije Eurofound zagotavljajo strokovno znanje in jih je mogoče kontaktirati za vprašanja ali poizvedbe medijev.
Jorge Cabrita
Senior research managerJorge Cabrita je višji vodja raziskav v enoti za delovno življenje. Odgovoren je za oblikovanje, usklajevanje in vodenje raziskav po vsej Evropi ter spodbujanje širjenja ugotovitev na področju delovnih pogojev in industrijskih odnosov. Njegova glavna raziskovalna področja vključujejo delovne pogoje in kakovost zaposlitve, delovni čas in ravnovesje med delom in zasebnim življenjem, zdravje in dobrobit delavcev, enakost spolov ter družbeno-ekonomske vplive prehoda v podnebno nevtralno gospodarstvo. Trenutno vodi raziskave o razvoju delovnega časa ter o socialnem dialogu in kolektivnem pogajanju med pandemijo COVID-19. Prej je delal kot raziskovalec na Centru za študije socialne intervencije in v Raziskovalnem centru za portugalsko gospodarstvo na Ekonomski šoli v Lizboni ter kot trener in svetovalec na področjih strateškega upravljanja, organizacijske komunikacije, vodenja in gradnje ekip. Diplomiral je iz ekonomije in magistriral iz socio-organizacijskih sistemov gospodarske dejavnosti na Lizbonski šoli za ekonomijo.
Agnès Parent-Thirion
Senior research managerAgnès Parent-Thirion je višja vodja raziskav v enoti za delovno življenje pri Eurofoundu, ki je zadolžena za načrtovanje, razvoj in izvajanje raziskovalnih projektov o delovnih razmerah, zlasti evropske raziskave o delovnih razmerah (EWCS) in njenih analiz. Odgovorna je za izredno izdajo EWCS 2021 in za pripravo vprašalnika za EWCS 2024. Njeni raziskovalni interesi vključujejo delovne pogoje, kakovost delovnih mest, spremljanje delovnih pogojev, organizacijo dela, spol, prihodnost dela in čas. Že več kot desetletje dela na področju evropskih primerjalnih raziskav na vseh področjih, vključno z oblikovanjem, razvojem vprašalnika, terenskim delom, kontrolo kakovosti in analizo. Diplomirala je iz ekonomije in managementa na univerzah Paris IX Dauphine in Paris I Panthéon na Sorboni ter ima podiplomsko diplomo iz statistike na Trinity College Dublin. Pred kratkim je zaključila spletne tečaje o umetni inteligenci: vodenje na podlagi poizvedb pri MIT Sloan Executive Education in "Les grand enjeux de la transition: re-ouvrir l'horizon, comprendre pour agir" s Campus de la Transition. Preden se je pridružila Eurofoundu, je več let delala v Evropski komisiji.
Ta razdelek omogoča dostop do vseh vsebin, ki so bile objavljene na to temo.
