Restructuring

Restructuring is a term used to describe a wide range of activities which lead to the reorganisation of an enterprise. Restructuring can have serious consequences for the workforce as far as levels of employment and terms and conditions of employment offered to workers are concerned.

Factory workers working on car assembly line

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Articol

17 November 2025

Restructuring legislation: 2023–2025 developments

Elin Brattlund

Eurofound’s ERM restructuring legislation database offers an overview of key restructuring-related regulations in the EU Member States and Norway. Its content is continuously updated to reflect any changes made by national legislators in response to, for instance, policy shifts, legal precedents, economic fluctuations or social needs. Recent updates to the database reveal several changes in national legislation that could have significant impacts on workers.

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Articol

15 October 2025

Battery manufacturing in the EU: From hope to crisis to hope again?

Elin Brattlundand 2 other authors

Can Europe still achieve its ambitions for battery manufacturing? To answer this, the article looks at data from Eurofound’s European Restructuring Monitor and explores what recent large-scale restructuring events reveal about the state of play in the EU battery sector.

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Lucrare de cercetare Eurofound

18 September 2025

Restructurarea întreprinderilor și dubla tranziție: dovezi din Monitorul european al restructurării

Chiara Litardi,

Garance Hingre

Această lucrare de cercetare Eurofound explorează principalele tendințe în materie de restructurare din ultimii ani, evidențiind întreprinderile care au anunțat cele mai mari pierderi de locuri de muncă din UE. Acesta se bazează pe o analiză a anunțurilor companiilor înregistrate în Monitorul european al restructurării (ERM) al Eurofound, alături de o nouă clasificare a evenimentelor de restructurare care implică modificări ale locației societății.

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18 September 2025

Lucrare de cercetare Eurofound

Restructurarea întreprinderilor și dubla tranziție: dovezi din Monitorul european al restructurării

27 January 2025

Articol

Employment in the EU’s automotive sector

In 2024, the automotive sector in the EU came to the fore in public and policy discussions. The focus was on the slowdown in electric vehicle (EV) sales, rising global competition, belated investments in new technologies, and the potential closure of production lines in Europe. A number of European car manufacturers and suppliers announced their intention to make large-scale redundancies and change long-standing collective agreements on job security and wages, while workers raised concerns amid demonstrations and industrial action.This Eurofound briefing note provides more information on the latest EU employment statistics and the emerging data from the European Restructuring Monitor (ERM). It focuses on the core of the sector: NACE C29 (Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers) and G45 (Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles). A Eurofound study on the impact of the twin transition on the automotive sector is forthcoming in 2025.

25 September 2022

Raport de cercetare

Going digital: Restructuring trends in retail banking

The retail banking sector is fertile ground for studying the impacts of digitalisation on work and employment. Financial services are increasingly provided online, without the intermediary of customer-facing institutions. Many banks in the sector have been undergoing serial restructuring since the global financial crisis, and it is one of the few service sectors with stagnant or declining employment. In addition to the technological changes in how services are provided, the sector is also responding to other challenges, including an increased regulatory and compliance burden, competition from fintech, and low interest rates and reduced profitability. The case studies in this report describe examples of recent restructuring in the sector, what motivated the restructuring, how it was managed and how it affected employment, work organisation, and other business and employee outcomes.

10 November 2020

Raport de cercetare

ERM report 2020: Restructuring across borders

This report has a dual focus. First, it reviews recent restructuring activity in the EU, from January 2019 up to and including the first impacts of the COVID-19 crisis. The second part presents an analysis of transnational restructuring cases – those that affect workers in more than one country. The main source for both analyses is the European Restructuring Monitor events database, which has collected details of over 25,000 large-scale restructurings since it began in 2002, including nearly 2,000 since the beginning of 2019. The review of the data on transnational restructuring is complemented with a summary of case studies based on international relocations of production. The aim is to highlight the types of dispute that arise, how the restructuring is managed by management and the social partners, and what the outcomes are for the workers affected.

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Chiara Litardi

Research officer

Employment research

Chiara Litardi este ofițer de cercetare în cadrul unității de ocupare a forței de muncă din cadrul Eurofound. Lucrează pe teme legate de restructurare, ocuparea forței de muncă și convergența ascendentă. Anterior a fost ofițer de sprijin pentru cercetare responsabil cu gestionarea datelor, controlul calității și analiza bazelor de date ale Monitorului european de restructurare. Înainte de a se alătura Eurofound în 2021, a lucrat ca analist la Banca Centrală Europeană, realizând sondaje pan-zona euro și făcând cercetări privind comportamentul de plată și incluziunea financiară. Deține o diplomă de master în economie și finanțe de la Universitatea LUISS din Roma și o diplomă dublă în tehnici cantitative pentru economie și management (QTEM).

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Sara Riso

Senior research manager

Working life research

Sara Riso joined Eurofound in 2006 and is currently a senior research manager in the Working Life unit. She is engaged in research projects focusing on digitalisation and working conditions. Before joining Eurofound, Sara managed research projects for large Brussels-based European associations and networks. Her academic background is in psychology, communication and languages. Her main research interest lies in exploring new workplace stressors arising from increased digitalisation of work, evolving organisational practices, and change management strategies to address the challenges posed by digitalisation in modern working environments.

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