Održiv rad
Održiv rad znači postizanje životnih i radnih uvjeta koji podržavaju ljude da se uključe i ostanu na poslu tijekom duljeg radnog vijeka. Rad se mora transformirati kako bi se uklonili čimbenici koji obeshrabruju ili ometaju radnike da ostanu ili uđu u radnu snagu. Ali moraju se uzeti u obzir i pojedinačne okolnosti. Dostupnost za rad razlikuje se i vjerojatno će se mijenjati tijekom života. Izazov je uskladiti potrebe i sposobnosti pojedinca s kvalitetom ponuđenih poslova.
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Zapošljavanje i radni uvjeti najranjivijih radnika: Rješavanje stalnog izazova u politici
Tijekom posljednja dva desetljeća, tržišta rada diljem EU-a zabilježila su značajan porast nestandardnog zapošljavanja. Iako takvi aranžmani mogu ponuditi fleksibilnost i bolju ravnotežu između posla i privatnog života, ranjivost nastaje kada su nevoljni ili kada se isprepliću više nestandardnih karakteristika. Ovo izvješće analizira prevalenciju ranjivosti na zapošljavanje diljem EU-27 od 2009. do 2021., ispitujući njezine veze s radnim uvjetima, zdravstvenim ishodima i odgovorima na politike. Rezultati pokazuju da su žene, mladi i migranti izloženi najvećem riziku, pri čemu oni koji doživljavaju višestruku ranjivost prijavljuju lošije izglede za zaposlenje, ograničene mogućnosti osposobljavanja, manje autonomije i veće stope anksioznosti i depresije. Izvješće također razmatra mjere EU i nacionalne politike usmjerene na jačanje ugovorne sigurnosti i podršku prijelazima prema sigurnijem zaposlenju.Zapošljavanje i radni uvjeti najranjivijih radnika
Tijekom posljednja dva desetljeća europska tržišta rada doživjela su značajnu transformaciju, s izraženim porastom nestandardnih oblika zapošljavanja poput rada na pola radnog vremena i privremenog rada. U ovoj epizodi Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey razgovara s Eurofoundovim stručnjakom Karelom Fricom kako bi istražili radnu i zaposlene uvjete najranjivijih radnika.Neprekidni radni dan u fleksibilnoj Europi
Jedan od pet radnika diljem EU prijavljuje da je kontaktiran iz razloga vezanih uz posao izvan radnog vremena nekoliko puta mjesečno. Ovaj članak istražuje veze između kontakta izvan radnog vremena i sve veće digitalizacije rada.Održivost rada zahtijeva:
Višedimenzionalna priroda koncepta održivog rada znači da se on presijeca s mnogim ključnim područjima rada Eurofounda. Eurofound je stvorio okvir za razumijevanje koncepta održivog rada, koji se upotrebljava kao referentna točka za niz istraživačkih projekata na tu temu.
Demografsko starenje jedna je od pokretačkih snaga ambicije za povećanje sudjelovanja radne snage. To se odražava u novom glavnom cilju EU-a za zapošljavanje do 2030. predloženom u Akcijskom planu za provedbu europskog stupa socijalnih prava (najmanje 78 % stanovništva u dobi od 20 do 64 godine). S porastom broja umirovljenika i smanjenjem broja radno sposobnog stanovništva, sustavi socijalne zaštite mogli bi postati ugroženi. Kako bi sustavi socijalne potpore ostali održivi kako europsko stanovništvo stari, više ljudi mora raditi i ostati na poslu dulje tijekom svog životnog vijeka.
Ti će se ciljevi postići samo ako su radnici dobrog zdravlja, kvalificirani i zapošljivi te motivirani da dulje ostanu na poslu. Mora postojati šira društvena potpora kako bi se ljudima omogućio pristup poslu i dobra ravnoteža između poslovnog i privatnog života. Kvaliteta radnih mjesta i radno okruženje ključne su sastavnice kojima se svim radnicima omogućuje dulji ostanak na tržištu rada. Ali interakcija između ovih komponenti i pojedinačnih okolnosti, kao što su zdravlje i motivacija za nastavak rada, također je važan čimbenik i treba ga bolje razumjeti.
Na razini EU-a zabrinutost u pogledu održivosti mirovina, gospodarskog rasta i ponude radne snage potaknula je političke odgovore kako bi se poduprli ciljevi duljeg radnog vijeka i kasnijeg umirovljenja. Glavni je cilj politike aktivnog starenja Europske komisije pomoći ljudima da ostanu odgovorni za vlastiti život što je dulje moguće kako stare i, gdje je to moguće, da doprinesu gospodarstvu i društvu.
Europski zeleni plan nova je europska strategija održivog rasta čiji je cilj omogućiti europskim građanima da iskoriste održivu zelenu tranziciju. To znači ulaganje u istraživanje i inovacije te poboljšanje dobrobiti ljudi putem koji je pravedan i socijalno pravedan, pri čemu nijedan pojedinac ili regija nisu zapostavljeni.
Ovo je izbor najvažnijih rezultata za ovu temu.
26 February 2021
Working conditions and sustainable work: An analysis using the job quality framework
This flagship report summarises the key findings of Eurofound’s research on working conditions conducted over the programming period 2017–2020. It maps the progress achieved since 2000 in improving working conditions and examines whether all workers have benefited equally from positive change. It highlights which groups are the most at risk of experiencing poor working conditions and being left behind. Given the changes in the world of work, emerging challenges for good job quality are identified. The report also provides evidence for measures that could lead to the further improvement of work and the achievement of fair working conditions for all in the EU. The analysis shows that, overall, job quality in the EU is improving, if slowly. Not all workers are benefiting to the same extent, however. Furthermore, gender, age and contractual status have a significant bearing on a person’s working conditions. And while digitalisation helps to address some job quality issues, it also creates new challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated trends, reinforcing concerns and highlighting the importance of achieving job quality for all.
2 March 2020
Gender equality at work
Gender inequality at work persists across Europe, despite the long standing attention paid and efforts made to tackle it. This Eurofound report presents a closer look at women’s and men’s working conditions, using data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and complementing previous Eurofound research on, among other things, working time patterns, work–life balance and workers’ health. Beyond the general differences in the labour market, it highlights many important gaps in men’s and women’s working conditions and job quality which require specific attention. According to the EWCS data, the reduction of gender gaps in those areas showing improvement over the last 5 to 10 years remains limited. European and national strategies aimed at achieving job quality for all, that seek to mainstream gender equality, could help address persistent inequalities between men and women.
17 April 2019
Seniority-based entitlements: Extent, policy debates and research
Seniority systems – schemes that allot improving employment rights or benefits to employees as their length of employment increases – have not been widely studied. This report provides the first comprehensive study comparing the design and spread of seniority-based entitlements (SBEs) in Europe and mapping related policy debates. It is primarily based on contributions from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents, covering the 28 EU Member States and Norway, but also presents aggregate seniority-earnings curves for the EU based on data from the Structure of Earnings Survey. The aim of the report is to take stock of the currently existing different types of SBEs in the private and public sectors. It concludes that despite an obvious trend to remove them from regulations or reform them, a substantial amount of such entitlements is here to stay. Paradoxically, countries which have regulations on seniority pay in place tend to have flatter aggregate seniority-earnings curves than countries without such regulations.
21 December 2017
Working conditions of workers of different ages
Demographic change is changing the face of working life across the EU. The increased demand on a shrinking pool of workers to provide for the social needs of an ageing population is leading to increases in the employment rate of older workers and a lengthening of working life. Policy reforms have – on the whole – focused on raising the statutory retirement age and providing financial incentives for older workers to remain in work beyond retirement age. However, a range of other factors also influence workers’ decision to continue working into old age – including health and well-being, work–life balance, career prospects and job security, and working conditions such as autonomy, hours of work and psychosocial aspects of the workplace. This report analyses these factors in depth for the 28 EU Member States, using data from the latest European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS 2015) and in the context of Eurofound’s concept of ‘sustainable work over the life course’.
18 September 2017
Working time patterns for sustainable work
Working time is a recurrent topic of study because the nature of work, its content, the conditions under which it is performed and the labour market itself keep changing. This report provides an overview of the recent evolution of working time duration and organisation in the EU and highlights the most important trends and differences between Member States. Through an in-depth analysis of data from the sixth European Working Conditions Survey carried out in 2015, it examines – from a gender and life course perspective – the links between working time patterns, work–life balance and working time preferences, on the one hand, and workers’ health and well-being on the other. Finally, the report explores the extent to which prevailing working conditions and working time patterns in EU Member States are sustainable in the long term.
17 November 2016
Sixth European Working Conditions Survey – Overview report
9 September 2016
Extending working lives through flexible retirement schemes: Partial retirement
Many EU Member States have implemented reforms to improve the sustainability of their pension systems. However, the impact of discouraging early retirement and increasing the pension age on effective retirement ages is limited, as many people are unable or unmotivated to work until pension age. Reduction of working time is one approach to enabling people to work longer than would have been feasible if they continued working full time. But a barrier to reduction of hours is the loss of income. Partial retirement schemes address this barrier by substituting part of the income loss with a partial pension or benefits. This report investigates how partial retirement schemes can contribute to sustainable and adequate pension systems by enabling and motivating people to extend their working lives. It maps schemes at the national and sector levels in the EU and Norway, examines their characteristics and assesses their impact on the extension of working lives. An executive summary is available - see Related content.
27 July 2016
Sustainable work throughout the life course: National policies and strategies
European countries face the challenges of ageing populations supported by shrinking workforces, more precarious types of employment, and in many cases, a decreasing number of jobs in the wake of the economic crisis. As a result, the issue of how to enable more people to participate in the labour market and to continue to do so until an older age has become a key policy issue in all EU Member States. These challenges might be met by adopting an approach to work that puts sustainability at its centre. Sustainable work means that ‘living and working conditions are such that they support people in engaging and remaining in work throughout an extended working life’. This study analyses national policies that help to achieve sustainable work in 10 EU Member States. It looks at how these policies are being implemented, whether they are integrated into a coherent framework, and whether they are complementary or contradictory.
19 June 2015
Sustainable work over the life course: Concept paper
Ageing of the population is likely to threaten the ability of states to finance welfare states and social protection systems in the future. A viable solution is to increase employment rates and to lengthen working life. To achieve this dual goal requires devising new solutions for working conditions and career paths that help workers to retain their physical and mental health, motivation and productivity over an extended working life. In other words, work must be made sustainable over the life course. Identifying and analysing the factors and actions underpinning sustainable work throughout working life is a research priority for Eurofound in the 2013–2016 programming period. This paper sets out to clarify and illuminate Eurofound’s framework for understanding the rather expansive concept of sustainable work. It can be used as a reference point for a range of Eurofound research projects that examine different aspects of sustainable work.
Istraživači Eurofounda pružaju stručne uvide i mogu ih se kontaktirati za pitanja ili upite medija.
Barbara Gerstenberger
Head of UnitBarbara Gerstenberger voditeljica je odjela za radni život u Eurofoundu. U toj ulozi koordinira istraživačke timove koji istražuju kvalitetu radnih mjesta u Europi na temelju Europskog istraživanja o radnim uvjetima te je općenito odgovorna za Europski opservatorij za radni život i istraživanje industrijskih odnosa u EU-u. Pridružila se Eurofoundu 2001. kao voditeljica istraživanja u tada novoosnovanom Europskom centru za praćenje promjena (EMCC). Godine 2007. prešla je u Eurofoundov odjel za informacije i komunikacije kao voditeljica komunikacijskih proizvoda, a 2011. imenovana je koordinatoricom u Upravi. Prije toga radila je kao viša znanstvena službenica u Europskoj federaciji metalaca u Bruxellesu. Diplomirala je političke znanosti na Sveučilištu u Hamburgu, a magistrirala je javnu upravu na Kennedy School of Government, Sveučilište Harvard.
Franz Ferdinand Eiffe
Research managerFranz Eiffe voditelj je istraživanja u odjelu za radni život u Eurofoundu. Uključen je u projekte održivog rada, kvantitativne analize i uzlaznu konvergenciju u EU, kao i u pripremu četvrtog Europskog istraživanja poduzeća. Prije nego što se pridružio Eurofoundu 2016., bio je voditelj odjela za analizu u Austrijskom statističkom uredu u Beču i voditelj projekta "Kako je Austrija? Mjerenje bogatstva i napretka iznad BDP-a". Doktorirao je ekonomiju na Ekonomskom sveučilištu u Beču (WU), gdje je također radio kao znanstveni suradnik od 2005. do 2009. i predavač do 2016. godine.
Ovaj odjeljak pruža pristup cjelokupnom sadržaju koji je objavljen o temi.
